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639.txt
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639.txt
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[41] [[Web]] における [DFN[[[Notifications API]]]] は、[[著者]]から[[利用者]]に対する[[通知]]のための
[[API]] です。 [DFN[[CODE(DOMi)@en[[[Notification]]]]]] [[オブジェクト]]は[[通知]]を表します。
* 仕様書
[REFS[
- [40] [CITE@en-US[Notifications API Standard]] ([TIME[2014-02-11 16:20:34 +09:00]] 版) <http://notifications.spec.whatwg.org/>
]REFS]
* 歴史
** [CODE(DOMm)@en[showNotification]]
[38] 2008年5月、 [[OS]] が[[通知]]の仕組みを提供するのが一般的になってきていたことや [[Google Gears]] [SRC[>>36]]
や [[Opera Widgets]] [SRC[>>32, >>33]] のように [[Web]] にもこれを持ち込む動きが出てきたことを受け [SRC[>>34]]、
[[HTML5]] に [DFN[[CODE(DOMm)@en[[[showNotification]]]]]] [[API]] が追加されました [SRC[>>28]]。
この [[API]] は[[平文]]の[[通知]]に対応していました。
[REFS[
- [36] [CITE[NotificationAPI - gears - Providing desktop notifications for web applications. - Improving Your Web Browser - Google Project Hosting]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:44:39 +09:00]] 版) <https://code.google.com/p/gears/wiki/NotificationAPI?redir=1>
- [35] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080528]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:40:39 +09:00]] 版) <http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20080528#l-841>
- [34] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080529]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:39:15 +09:00]] 版) <http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20080529>
- [28] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r1714 showNotification() -- first draft.]] ([TIME[2008-05-29 21:08:00 +09:00]] 版) <http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=1713&to=1714>
- [32] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20081022]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:38:03 +09:00]] 版) <http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20081022#l-321>
- [33] [CITE@en[widget]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:38:21 +09:00]] 版) <http://web.archive.org/web/20080803044825/http://dev.opera.com/libraries/widgetobject/docs/widget.dml#showNotification>
]REFS]
[39] しかし [[Google Gears]] は[[平文]]ではなく [[HTML]] による[[通知]]を望んでいたこと、
他の [[Webブラウザー]]が実装の意思を示さなかったことから、 [CODE(DOMm)@en[[[showNotification]]]]
は削除されました [SRC[>>31, >>27]]。 [[Ian Hickson]] は、 [[HTML]] の[[通知]]は[[プラットフォーム]]側の[[通知]]
[[API]] と統合できなくなることを指摘し、複数の実装者が興味を示さない限り (Ian により)
仕様に含めることを拒んでいます [SRC[>>37]]。それに対し [[Mike Smith]] は [[W3C]]
での標準化を提案しており、これが [[Web Notifications WG]] へとつながったようです。
[REFS[
- [31] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r2597 Remove the showNotification() API due to lack of interest from implementors.]] ([TIME[2008-12-28 15:20:00 +09:00]] 版) <http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=2596&to=2597>
- [37] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20081229]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:49:02 +09:00]] 版) <http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20081229#l-169>
- [30] [CITE['''['''whatwg''']''' HTML vs Plain Text in Notifications]] ([TIME[2009-02-25 18:21:58 +09:00]] 版) <http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2008-September/016211.html>
- [27] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r2896 Remove the commented-out notification API.]] ([TIME[2009-03-24 11:12:00 +09:00]] 版) <http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=2895&to=2896>
- [29] [CITE['''['''whatwg''']''' Persistent SharedWorkers]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:25:38 +09:00]] 版) <http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-March/018769.html>
]REFS]
** Web Notifications
[64] [[W3C]] は [DFN[[[Web Notification Working Group]]]] を設立し、
[DFN[[[Web Notifications]]]] 仕様の開発を始めました。
[REFS[
- [1] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100106]]
([TIME[2010-01-07 23:50:02 +09:00]] 版)
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20100106#l-306>
- [25] [CITE[Web Notifications]]
([TIME[2010-01-26 05:14:55 +09:00]] 版)
<http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/WebNotifications/publish/>
- [26] [CITE[Web Notifications]]
([TIME[2010-01-09 10:37:45 +09:00]] 版)
<http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/WebNotifications/publish/Overview.html?content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8>
- [6] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100202]]
([TIME[2010-02-04 08:45:16 +09:00]] 版)
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20100202#l-909>
- [2] [CITE[Desktop Notifications (The Chromium Projects)]]
([TIME[2010-04-10 08:34:20 +09:00]] 版)
<http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/desktop-notifications>
- [3] [CITE[0xFE - 11111110b - 0376 - 254 b9#9: Desktop Notifications with WebKit]]
([TIME[2010-04-22 21:35:06 +09:00]] 版)
<http://0xfe.blogspot.com/2010/04/desktop-notifications-with-webkit.html>
- [4] [CITE@en-US[Web Notification Working Group]]
([TIME[2010-07-01 16:03:14 +09:00]] 版)
<http://www.w3.org/2010/06/notification-charter.html>
- [5] [CITE[Web Notification Working Group]]
([TIME[2010-09-08 07:20:47 +09:00]] 版)
<http://www.w3.org/2010/web-notifications/>
- [7] [CITE@en[Publishing a Web Notifications Working Draft]]
([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2011-02-21 17:51:52 +09:00]] 版)
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2011Feb/0005.html>
- [8] [CITE@en[Web Notifications]]
( ([TIME[2011-03-02 01:17:22 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-notifications-20110301/>
- [9] [CITE[API Specification - The Chromium Projects]]
( ([TIME[2011-09-14 09:33:33 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/desktop-notifications/api-specification>
- [10] [CITE@en[Feedback from Safari on Web Notifications]]
( ([[Maciej Stachowiak]] 著, [TIME[2012-03-07 09:48:35 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Mar/0000.html>
- [11] [CITE@en[Editor? (was:Re: Feedback from Safari on Web Notifications)]]
( ([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2012-03-07 18:36:19 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Mar/0001.html>
- [12] [CITE@en[Notifications meetup outcome]]
( ([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2012-05-01 06:03:37 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Apr/0018.html>
- [13] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]]
( ([TIME[2012-06-13 05:32:45 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-notifications-20120614/>
]REFS]
[67] [[Google]] が望んだ [[HTML]] の通知は結局実現せず、[[平文]]のみに対応しています。
[68] 途中から [[Apple]] も参加しています [SRC[>>10]]。
** Notifications API Standard
[59] [[annevk]] が [[W3C]] から締め出されたため、 [[Web Notifications]]
は [[WHATWG]] に移り、 [[Notifications API Standard]] [SRC[>>14]] となりました。
[60] [[annevk]] が [[Chair]] 兼[[編集者]]だった [[W3C]] [[Web Notifications WG]]
は閉鎖されるかに見えましたが [SRC[>>16]]、 [[Apple]] の [[Jon Lee]] が [[Chair]]
を引き受けたため [SRC[>>17]]、継続されることになりました。
[61] 以後 [[W3C]] 側は [[WHATWG]] の (一部の) 変更をコピペして [[Web Notifications]]
仕様書を出版しています。
[REFS[
- [14] [CITE@en-US[Notifications API Standard]]
( ([TIME[2012-11-01 20:32:59 +09:00]] 版))
<http://notifications.spec.whatwg.org/>
- [15] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20121031]]
( ([TIME[2012-11-23 14:34:19 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20121031#l-754>
- [16] [CITE@en[Shutting down the Web Notifications WG]]
( ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2012-11-26 23:01:46 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Nov/0008.html>
- [17] [CITE@en[Welcome new chair Jon Lee (Apple); Web Notification WG extended to 2013-12-31]]
( ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2013-01-30 16:18:31 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013Jan/0003.html>
- [18] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130130]]
( ([TIME[2013-02-01 23:24:07 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130130#l-418>
- [19] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130212]]
( ([TIME[2013-02-16 18:57:01 +09:00]] 版))
<http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130212#l-613>
- [20] [CITE@en[Moving to Last Call]]
( ([[Jon Lee]] 著, [TIME[2013-05-30 04:10:06 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013May/0003.html>
- [21] [CITE@en[Notifications WG update]]
( ([[Jon Lee]] 著, [TIME[2013-02-27 09:14:06 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013Feb/0000.html>
- [22] [CITE@en[Welcome new chair Jon Lee (Apple); Web Notification WG extended to 2013-12-31]]
( ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2013-01-30 16:18:31 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013Jan/0003.html>
]REFS]
** 新機能の追加
[62] [[WHATWG]] ではその後も実装経験と需要を踏まえた改訂が進められています。
新機能としては[[音声]]や[[バイブレーション]]、 [[Service Worker]]
との統合が規定されています。 [CODE[[[show]]]] や [CODE[[[close]]]]
のような不要とされた[[イベント]]は削除されています。
[REFS[
- [23] [CITE[''''''[''''''whatwg'''''']'''''' Notifications: reviving Notification objects]]
( ([TIME[2013-07-10 04:39:48 +09:00]] 版))
<http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2013-July/039955.html>
- [24] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]]
( ([TIME[2013-09-10 10:50:08 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-notifications-20130912/>
- [42] [CITE@en[Remove pending notifications https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/iss... · f3bb90f · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-10-07 08:31:58 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/f3bb90fb6bf495e6fa04d2341c0504a8dd2d9a11>
- [43] [CITE@en[Land IDL for service worker API · 98d59b9 · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-10-07 08:34:10 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/98d59b9fde6539aac4953c4ea80b8dc82a20e29e>
- [44] [CITE@en[Define showNotification() · e587e4a · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-10-07 08:37:24 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/e587e4ae5b5ee450ad36e55245c46a66ca5aa294>
- [45] [CITE@en[Allow for specifying a sound through a URL · eae0873 · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-11-16 11:34:08 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/eae0873a49d07f4e1ba4bcb03a7db8aec0fa35b6>
- [46] [CITE@en[Integrate vibration · f57831c · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-11-21 01:39:18 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/f57831c11f90ec31b01a042508580bd45d74bb6c>
- [47] [CITE@en[Add renotify/silent/noscreen/sticky to fix https://github.com/whatwg/not... · a849674 · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-11-27 20:42:40 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/a84967474a8f084e78573cf9c6f2d0fc12a8a558>
- [48] [CITE@en[Make new Notification() throw in service workers. Fixes https://github.c... · 88a1881 · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-11-27 20:43:04 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/88a18815be5c57322c8cb37e6ed63d3ead58abca>
- [49] [CITE@en[Remove the ability for the platform to fail displaying a notification pe... · 710d5fb · whatwg/notifications]]
( ([TIME[2014-12-17 17:48:42 +09:00]] 版))
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/710d5fbd5466e84d22f04350b4f21e94ec1ea3eb>
- [50] [CITE@en[Notifications API]]
([TIME[2015-03-10 22:33:51 +09:00]] 版)
<https://secure.peter.sh/notifications.html>
- [51] [CITE@en[Merge pull request #36 from beverloo/bikeshed · 6520411 · whatwg/notifications]]
([TIME[2015-03-13 11:41:55 +09:00]] 版)
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/6520411afc53c88dfe04651c731a783ce5dbb177>
- [52] [CITE@en[Make it clearer that showNotification() never throws. Fixes #40 · 1f2beec · whatwg/notifications]]
([TIME[2015-03-14 11:37:28 +09:00]] 版)
<https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/1f2beec774a73c8a7864b65516968afbc6a6b6d6>
]REFS]
[63] [[W3C]] はこうした [[WHATWG]] での改訂が進められる前の、 [[annevk]]
時代とほぼ同じ古い版を [[W3C Process]] に従い [[W3C勧告]]へと進めようとしています。
[[Mozilla]] や [[Google]] は実態に合わない仕様書を出版することに反対しました
[SRC[>>57, >>55]] が、 [[W3C Director]] である [[TimBL]] は注意書きを添えれば十分 [SRC[>>54]]
と主張して [[CR]] へと進めています [SRC[>>58]]。
[REFS[
- [57] [CITE@en[Re: Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR)]]
([[Peter Beverloo]] 著, [TIME[2015-02-24 04:00:30 +09:00]] 版)
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015Feb/0005.html>
- [55] [CITE@en[Re: Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR)]]
([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2015-03-13 01:58:50 +09:00]] 版)
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015Mar/0003.html>
- [56] [CITE@en[Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR)]]
([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2015-02-19 18:45:55 +09:00]] 版)
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015Feb/0000.html>
- [58] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]]
( ([TIME[2015-05-18 15:44:02 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-notifications-20150519/>
- [53] [CITE@en[Web Notification Working Group Charter Extended]]
([[Coralie Mercier]] 著, [TIME[2015-05-20 02:00:21 +09:00]] 版)
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015May/0001.html>
- [54] [CITE@en[Re: Web Notification Working Group Charter Extended]]
([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2015-05-20 10:17:36 +09:00]] 版)
<https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015May/0004.html>
- [65] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]] ([TIME[2015-05-20 12:38:59 +09:00]] 版) <https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/notifications/raw-file/tip/Overview.html>
]REFS]
[66] [[W3C]] の仕様書には「前編集者」と「[[WHATWG]] 編集者」しかいない奇妙な状態
[SRC[>>58]] ですが、 [[ED]] [SRC[>>65]] の履歴によると実際の作業は [[Edward O'Connor]]
が行っているようです。
[69] [CITE@en[1052776 – Desktop notifications not accessible: Not read by screen reader, and fade away]]
([TIME[2015-07-16 10:54:19 +09:00]] 版)
<https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1052776>
[70] [CITE[PSA: Android is *only* shipping Service Worker-based Notifications - Google Groups]]
([TIME[2015-08-04 13:31:12 +09:00]] 版)
<https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/blink-dev/BygptYClroM>
[71] [CITE[Issue 901843006: Allow the embedder to disable the Notification constructor. - Code Review]]
([TIME[2015-08-04 13:32:26 +09:00]] 版)
<https://codereview.chromium.org/901843006>
[72] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]]
( ([TIME[2015-09-09 20:46:36 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-notifications-20150910/>
[73] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]]
([TIME[2015-10-22 09:07:32 +09:00]] 版)
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/REC-notifications-20151022/>
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[74] [CITE[Notifying you of Changes to Notifications | Web Updates - Google Developers]]
([TIME[2015-11-20 02:42:50 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2015/05/notifying-you-of-changes-to-notifications>
]FIGCAPTION]
> new Notification('Hello', {body: 'Yay!'});
> This was never supported on Android due to restrictions of the platform: specifically, Chrome can’t support the callbacks on the Notification object, such as onclick. But it’s used on desktop for displaying notifications for web apps you may currently have open.
]FIG]
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[75] [CITE[Notifying you of Changes to Notifications | Web Updates - Google Developers]]
([TIME[2015-11-20 02:42:50 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2015/05/notifying-you-of-changes-to-notifications>
]FIGCAPTION]
> The best way to feature detect for Android and desktop at the moment is to do the following:
> function isNewNotificationSupported() {
> if (!window.Notification || !Notification.requestPermission)
> return false;
> if (Notification.permission == 'granted')
> throw new Error('You must only call this \*before\* calling
> Notification.requestPermission(), otherwise this feature detect would bug the
> user with an actual notification!');
> try {
> new Notification('');
> } catch (e) {
> if (e.name == 'TypeError')
> return false;
> }
> return true;
> }
]FIG]