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operators.rst

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Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

  • Arithmetic operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Comparison operators
  • Logical operators
  • Identity operators
  • Membership operators
  • Bitwise operators

Arithmetic Operators

You can use arithmetic operators to do some common mathematical operations.

Operator Name
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
** Exponentiation
// Floor division 
x = 5
y = 3

a = x + y
b = x - y
c = x * y
d = x / y
e = x % y
f = x ** y
g = x // y

print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
print(e)
print(f)
print(g)

>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT 8 2 15 1.666667 2 125 1 8 2 15 >>>

Assignment operators

Assignment operators can used to assign values to variables.

Operator Example Same As
= a = 6 a =6
+= a += 6 a = a + 6
-= a -= 6 a = a - 6
*= a *= 6 a = a * 6
/= a /= 6 a = a / 6
%= a %= 6 a = a % 6
**= a **= 6 a = a ** 6
//= a //= 6 a = a // 6
&= a &= 6 a = a & 6
|= a |= 6 a = a | 6
^= a ^= 6 a = a ^ 6
>>= a >>= 6 a = a >> 6
<<= a <<= 6 a = a << 6 
a = 6

a *= 6
print(a)

>>> %Run test.py 36 >>>

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values.

Operator Name
== Equal
!= Not equal
< Less than
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to 
a = 6
b = 8

print(a>b)

>>> %Run test.py False >>>

Return False, beause the a is less than the b.

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

Operator Description
and Returns True if both statements are true
or Returns True if one of the statements is true
not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true 
a = 6
print(a > 2 and a < 8)

>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT True >>>

Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location.

Operator Description
is Returns True if both variables are the same object
is not Returns True if both variables are not the same object 
a = ["hello", "welcome"]
b = ["hello", "welcome"]
c = a

print(a is c)
# returns True because z is the same object as x

print(a is b)
# returns False because x is not the same object as y, even if they have the same content

print(a == b)
# returns True because x is equal to y

>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT True False True >>>

Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object.

Operator Description
in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
not in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object 
a = ["hello", "welcome", "Goodmorning"]

print("welcome" in a)

>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT True >>>

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers.

Operator Name Description
& AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~ NOT Inverts all the bits
<< Zero fill left shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off
>> Signed right shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off 
num = 2

print(num & 1)
print(num | 1)
print(num << 1)

>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT 0 3 4 >>>