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23.merge-k-sorted-lists.md

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题目地址(23. 合并 K 个排序链表)

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/merge-k-sorted-lists/description/

题目描述

合并  k  个排序链表,返回合并后的排序链表。请分析和描述算法的复杂度。

示例:

输入: [   1->4->5,   1->3->4,   2->6 ] 输出: 1->1->2->3->4->4->5->6

思路

这道题目是合并 k 个已排序的链表,号称 leetcode 目前最难的链表题。 和之前我们解决的88.merge-sorted-array很像。 他们有两点区别:

  1. 这道题的数据结构是链表,那道是数组。这个其实不复杂,毕竟都是线性的数据结构。

  2. 这道题需要合并 k 个元素,那道则只需要合并两个。这个是两题的关键差别,也是这道题难度为hard的原因。

因此我们可以看出,这道题目是88.merge-sorted-array的进阶版本。其实思路也有点像,我们来具体分析下第二条。 如果你熟悉合并排序的话,你会发现它就是合并排序的一部分

具体我们可以来看一个动画

23.merge-k-sorted-lists

(动画来自 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/61796021

关键点解析

  • 分治
  • 合并排序(merge sort)

代码

代码支持 JavaScript, Python3

JavaScript Code:

/*
 * @lc app=leetcode id=23 lang=javascript
 *
 * [23] Merge k Sorted Lists
 *
 * https://leetcode.com/problems/merge-k-sorted-lists/description/
 *
 */
function mergeTwoLists(l1, l2) {
  const dummyHead = {};
  let current = dummyHead;
  // l1: 1 -> 3 -> 5
  // l2: 2 -> 4 -> 6
  while (l1 !== null && l2 !== null) {
    if (l1.val < l2.val) {
      current.next = l1; // 把小的添加到结果链表
      current = current.next; // 移动结果链表的指针
      l1 = l1.next; // 移动小的那个链表的指针
    } else {
      current.next = l2;
      current = current.next;
      l2 = l2.next;
    }
  }

  if (l1 === null) {
    current.next = l2;
  } else {
    current.next = l1;
  }
  return dummyHead.next;
}
/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * function ListNode(val) {
 *     this.val = val;
 *     this.next = null;
 * }
 */
/**
 * @param {ListNode[]} lists
 * @return {ListNode}
 */
var mergeKLists = function(lists) {
  // 图参考: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/61796021
  if (lists.length === 0) return null;
  if (lists.length === 1) return lists[0];
  if (lists.length === 2) {
    return mergeTwoLists(lists[0], lists[1]);
  }

  const mid = lists.length >> 1;
  const l1 = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < mid; i++) {
    l1[i] = lists[i];
  }

  const l2 = [];
  for (let i = mid, j = 0; i < lists.length; i++, j++) {
    l2[j] = lists[i];
  }

  return mergeTwoLists(mergeKLists(l1), mergeKLists(l2));
};

Python3 Code:

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None

class Solution:
    def mergeKLists(self, lists: List[ListNode]) -> ListNode:
        n = len(lists)
        
        # basic cases
        if lenth == 0: return None
        if lenth == 1: return lists[0]
        if lenth == 2: return self.mergeTwoLists(lists[0], lists[1])
        
        # divide and conqure if not basic cases
        mid = n // 2
        return self.mergeTwoLists(self.mergeKLists(lists[:mid]), self.mergeKLists(lists[mid:n]))
    
    
    def mergeTwoLists(self, l1: ListNode, l2: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        res = ListNode(0)
        c1, c2, c3 = l1, l2, res
        while c1 or c2:
            if c1 and c2:
                if c1.val < c2.val:
                    c3.next = ListNode(c1.val)
                    c1 = c1.next
                else:
                    c3.next = ListNode(c2.val)
                    c2 = c2.next
                c3 = c3.next
            elif c1:
                c3.next = c1
                break
            else:
                c3.next = c2
                break
            
        return res.next

相关题目

-88.merge-sorted-array