performance.rst

Performance tuning

For-loop decorators

In Taichi kernels, for-loops in the outermost scope is automatically parallelized.

However, there are some implementation details about how it is parallelized.

Taichi provides some API to modify these parameters. This allows advanced users to manually fine-tune the performance.

For example, specifying a suitable ti.block_dim could yield an almost 3x performance boost in examples/mpm3d.py.

Note

For performance profiling utilities, see profiler.

Thread hierarchy of GPUs

GPUs have a thread hierarchy.

From small to large, the computation units are: iteration < thread < block < grid.

• iteration: Iteration is the body of a for-loop. Each iteration corresponding to a specific i value in for-loop.
• thread: Iterations are grouped into threads. Threads are the minimal unit that is parallelized. All iterations within a thread are executed in serial. We usually use 1 iteration per thread for maximizing parallel performance.
• block: Threads are grouped into blocks. All threads within a block are executed in parallel. Threads within the same block can share their block local storage.
• grid: Blocks are grouped into grids. Grid is the minimal unit that being launched from host. All blocks within a grid are executed in parallel. In Taichi, each parallelized for-loop is a grid.

For more details, please see the CUDA C programming guide. The OpenGL and Metal backends follow a similar thread hierarchy.

API reference

Programmers may prepend some decorator(s) to tweak the property of a for-loop, e.g.:

@ti.kernel
def func():
    for i in range(8192):  # no decorator, use default settings
        ...

    ti.block_dim(128)      # change the property of next for-loop:
    for i in range(8192):  # will be parallelized with block_dim=128
        ...

    for i in range(8192):  # no decorator, use default settings
        ...

Here is a list of available decorators:

ti.block_dim(n)

parameter n

(int) threads per block / block dimension

Specify the threads per block of the next parallel for-loop.

Note

The argument n must be a power-of-two for now.