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outcomes.tex
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outcomes.tex
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\begin{table*}[t]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|r|l|l|l|r||r|r|r|r|}
\hline
& \multicolumn{4}{c||}{{\bf Pearson's r}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{{\bf SMAPE}} \\
\hline
{\bf Outcome} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf T}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf C}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf T+C}} & \multicolumn{1}{c||}{$\Delta$} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf T}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf C}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf T+C}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\Delta$}\\
\hline
Ambulatory Care & 0.08 & 0.15 & 0.30 & 105\% & 9.1\% $\pm$ 1.8 & 9.1\% $\pm$ 2.4 & 8.5\% $\pm$ 2.1 & 7\%\\
Limited Healthy Food & 0.51** & 0.31 & 0.48** & 53\% & 21.1\% $\pm$ 4.6 & 26.2\% $\pm$ 4.0 & 23.4\% $\pm$ 4.3 & 11\%$\circ$\\
Fast Food & 0.31 & 0.24 & 0.31$\circ$ & 30\% & 4.3\% $\pm$ 1.5 & 4.5\% $\pm$ 0.9 & 4.4\% $\pm$ 1.1 & 4\%\\
No socio-emotional support & 0.32$\circ$ & 0.59*** & 0.72*** & 22\% & 7.0\% $\pm$ 1.3 & 6.2\% $\pm$ 1.0 & 5.2\% $\pm$ 0.8 & 16\%*\\
Vehicle Mortality & 0.52 & 0.52* & 0.62$\circ$ & 20\% & 12.5\% $\pm$ 2.5 & 11.8\% $\pm$ 3.0 & 10.5\% $\pm$ 1.8 & 10\%\\
Unemployment & -0.11 & 0.36* & 0.43*** & 19\% & 10.1\% $\pm$ 1.4 & 9.1\% $\pm$ 3.5 & 8.9\% $\pm$ 2.3 & 2\%\\
Diabetes & 0.35** & 0.45** & 0.53*** & 17\% & 1.4\% $\pm$ 0.2 & 1.3\% $\pm$ 0.2 & 1.3\% $\pm$ 0.1 & 4\%\\
No Insurance & 0.59 & 0.70** & 0.80** & 15\% & 11.6\% $\pm$ 1.9 & 10.5\% $\pm$ 1.6 & 8.4\% $\pm$ 1.3 & 20\%*\\
Low Birth Weight & 0.41*** & 0.68*** & 0.77*** & 13\% & 5.8\% $\pm$ 0.9 & 4.5\% $\pm$ 0.8 & 3.9\% $\pm$ 0.8 & 12\%*\\
Obesity & 0.43*** & 0.57*** & 0.64*** & 13\% & 6.0\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 4.9\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 4.7\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 3\%\\
Poor Health & 0.23 & 0.71*** & 0.76*** & 6\% & 9.6\% $\pm$ 1.7 & 6.8\% $\pm$ 1.4 & 6.5\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 4\%\\
Unhealthy Days & 0.01 & 0.63*** & 0.66*** & 6\% & 6.0\% $\pm$ 0.6 & 4.3\% $\pm$ 0.3 & 4.3\% $\pm$ 0.6 & 1\%\\
Inactivity & 0.11 & 0.55*** & 0.58*** & 6\% & 7.6\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 6.0\% $\pm$ 1.0 & 6.0\% $\pm$ 1.0 & 1\%\\
Mentally Unhealthy & -0.22 & 0.46*** & 0.49*** & 6\% & 5.8\% $\pm$ 0.9 & 5.1\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 5.0\% $\pm$ 1.3 & 1\%\\
Drinking & 0.12 & 0.18 & 0.19 & 5\% & 5.6\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 5.8\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 5.7\% $\pm$ 1.5 & 1\%\\
Smokers & 0.15 & 0.65*** & 0.67*** & 3\% & 8.7\% $\pm$ 1.3 & 6.7\% $\pm$ 0.5 & 6.3\% $\pm$ 0.8 & 5\%\\
College & 0.15 & 0.85*** & 0.87*** & 2\% & 5.0\% $\pm$ 1.1 & 2.8\% $\pm$ 0.4 & 2.6\% $\pm$ 0.4 & 6\%\\
Dentist Access & 0.44 & 0.66*** & 0.67*** & 1\% & 10.1\% $\pm$ 0.5 & 9.0\% $\pm$ 2.3 & 8.9\% $\pm$ 2.7 & 1\%\\
Teen Births & 0.50 & 0.86*** & 0.87*** & 1\% & 15.1\% $\pm$ 2.4 & 8.6\% $\pm$ 2.0 & 8.4\% $\pm$ 2.5 & 3\%\\
Child Poverty & 0.29 & 0.93*** & 0.93*** & 0\% & 15.0\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 5.5\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 5.4\% $\pm$ 1.2 & 1\%\\
Single Parent & 0.20 & 0.88*** & 0.88*** & -0\% & 11.0\% $\pm$ 1.9 & 5.1\% $\pm$ 0.4 & 5.1\% $\pm$ 0.6 & 0\%\\
Chlamydia & 0.20 & 0.74*** & 0.74*** & -1\% & 19.3\% $\pm$ 4.5 & 13.7\% $\pm$ 2.0 & 13.8\% $\pm$ 1.6 & -1\%\\
Mammography & 0.25 & 0.57*** & 0.56*** & -1\% & 2.9\% $\pm$ 0.6 & 2.5\% $\pm$ 0.6 & 2.5\% $\pm$ 0.5 & -1\%\\
Violent Crime & 0.32* & 0.73*** & 0.72*** & -2\% & 19.7\% $\pm$ 3.5 & 14.0\% $\pm$ 1.9 & 15.2\% $\pm$ 0.9 & -9\%\\
Primary Care & 0.30 & 0.68*** & 0.65*** & -4\% & 11.4\% $\pm$ 1.5 & 8.7\% $\pm$ 1.4 & 9.0\% $\pm$ 1.7 & -4\%\\
Rec Facilities & 0.34 & 0.70*** & 0.67*** & -4\% & 14.3\% $\pm$ 3.1 & 10.7\% $\pm$ 2.9 & 11.2\% $\pm$ 3.0 & -5\%$\circ$\\
HS Grad Rate & -0.10 & 0.66*** & 0.58*** & -12\% & 5.2\% $\pm$ 1.1 & 3.4\% $\pm$ 1.0 & 3.9\% $\pm$ 1.3 & -13\%*\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Held-out correlation and mean SMAPE (with standard deviation) for each outcome under three models --- {\sl T}: Twitter model using LIWC and PERMA lexicons; {\sl C}: control variables (age, gender, race, income); {\sl T+C}: Twitter and controls. All models use {\bf User} normalization. $\Delta$ is the percent relative improvement (either correlation or SMAPE) from model {\sl C} to {\sl T+C}, an estimate of how complementary the two models are. Pearson's $r$ significance is indicated by $\circ = 0.1$, $\ast = 0.05$, $\ast\ast = 0.01$, $\ast\ast\ast = 0.001$ (degress of freedom = 98). The thresholds have been Bonferroni-corrected (using the 27 outcomes).\label{tab.outcomes}}
\end{table*}