block.go

package types

import (
	"bytes"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/crypto/merkle"
	cmn "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/common"
)

const (
	// MaxHeaderBytes is a maximum header size (including amino overhead).
	MaxHeaderBytes int64 = 511

	// MaxAminoOverheadForBlock - maximum amino overhead to encode a block (up to
	// MaxBlockSizeBytes in size) not including it's parts except Data.
	//
	// Uvarint length of MaxBlockSizeBytes: 4 bytes
	// 2 fields (2 embedded):               2 bytes
	// Uvarint length of Data.Txs:          4 bytes
	// Data.Txs field:                      1 byte
	MaxAminoOverheadForBlock int64 = 11
)

// Block defines the atomic unit of a Tendermint blockchain.
// TODO: add Version byte
type Block struct {
	mtx        sync.Mutex
	Header     `json:"header"`
	Data       `json:"data"`
	Evidence   EvidenceData `json:"evidence"`
	LastCommit *Commit      `json:"last_commit"`
}

// MakeBlock returns a new block with an empty header, except what can be
// computed from itself.
// It populates the same set of fields validated by ValidateBasic.
func MakeBlock(height int64, txs []Tx, lastCommit *Commit, evidence []Evidence) *Block {
	block := &Block{
		Header: Header{
			Height: height,
			NumTxs: int64(len(txs)),
		},
		Data: Data{
			Txs: txs,
		},
		Evidence:   EvidenceData{Evidence: evidence},
		LastCommit: lastCommit,
	}
	block.fillHeader()
	return block
}

// ValidateBasic performs basic validation that doesn't involve state data.
// It checks the internal consistency of the block.
func (b *Block) ValidateBasic() error {
	if b == nil {
		return errors.New("Nil blocks are invalid")
	}
	b.mtx.Lock()
	defer b.mtx.Unlock()

	if b.Height < 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf(
			"Negative Block.Header.Height: %v",
			b.Height,
		)
	}

	newTxs := int64(len(b.Data.Txs))
	if b.NumTxs != newTxs {
		return fmt.Errorf(
			"Wrong Block.Header.NumTxs. Expected %v, got %v",
			newTxs,
			b.NumTxs,
		)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(b.LastCommitHash, b.LastCommit.Hash()) {
		return fmt.Errorf(
			"Wrong Block.Header.LastCommitHash.  Expected %v, got %v",
			b.LastCommitHash,
			b.LastCommit.Hash(),
		)
	}
	if b.Header.Height != 1 {
		if err := b.LastCommit.ValidateBasic(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(b.DataHash, b.Data.Hash()) {
		return fmt.Errorf(
			"Wrong Block.Header.DataHash.  Expected %v, got %v",
			b.DataHash,
			b.Data.Hash(),
		)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(b.EvidenceHash, b.Evidence.Hash()) {
		return fmt.Errorf(
			"Wrong Block.Header.EvidenceHash.  Expected %v, got %v",
			b.EvidenceHash,
			b.Evidence.Hash(),
		)
	}
	return nil
}

// fillHeader fills in any remaining header fields that are a function of the block data
func (b *Block) fillHeader() {
	if b.LastCommitHash == nil {
		b.LastCommitHash = b.LastCommit.Hash()
	}
	if b.DataHash == nil {
		b.DataHash = b.Data.Hash()
	}
	if b.EvidenceHash == nil {
		b.EvidenceHash = b.Evidence.Hash()
	}
}

// Hash computes and returns the block hash.
// If the block is incomplete, block hash is nil for safety.
func (b *Block) Hash() cmn.HexBytes {
	if b == nil {
		return nil
	}
	b.mtx.Lock()
	defer b.mtx.Unlock()

	if b == nil || b.LastCommit == nil {
		return nil
	}
	b.fillHeader()
	return b.Header.Hash()
}

// MakePartSet returns a PartSet containing parts of a serialized block.
// This is the form in which the block is gossipped to peers.
// CONTRACT: partSize is greater than zero.
func (b *Block) MakePartSet(partSize int) *PartSet {
	if b == nil {
		return nil
	}
	b.mtx.Lock()
	defer b.mtx.Unlock()

	// We prefix the byte length, so that unmarshaling
	// can easily happen via a reader.
	bz, err := cdc.MarshalBinary(b)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return NewPartSetFromData(bz, partSize)
}

// HashesTo is a convenience function that checks if a block hashes to the given argument.
// Returns false if the block is nil or the hash is empty.
func (b *Block) HashesTo(hash []byte) bool {
	if len(hash) == 0 {
		return false
	}
	if b == nil {
		return false
	}
	return bytes.Equal(b.Hash(), hash)
}

// Size returns size of the block in bytes.
func (b *Block) Size() int {
	bz, err := cdc.MarshalBinaryBare(b)
	if err != nil {
		return 0
	}
	return len(bz)
}

// String returns a string representation of the block
func (b *Block) String() string {
	return b.StringIndented("")
}

// StringIndented returns a string representation of the block
func (b *Block) StringIndented(indent string) string {
	if b == nil {
		return "nil-Block"
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf(`Block{
%s  %v
%s  %v
%s  %v
%s  %v
%s}#%v`,
		indent, b.Header.StringIndented(indent+"  "),
		indent, b.Data.StringIndented(indent+"  "),
		indent, b.Evidence.StringIndented(indent+"  "),
		indent, b.LastCommit.StringIndented(indent+"  "),
		indent, b.Hash())
}

// StringShort returns a shortened string representation of the block
func (b *Block) StringShort() string {
	if b == nil {
		return "nil-Block"
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("Block#%v", b.Hash())
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// MaxDataBytes returns the maximum size of block's data.
//
// XXX: Panics on negative result.
func MaxDataBytes(maxBytes int64, valsCount, evidenceCount int) int64 {
	maxDataBytes := maxBytes -
		MaxAminoOverheadForBlock -
		MaxHeaderBytes -
		int64(valsCount)*MaxVoteBytes -
		int64(evidenceCount)*MaxEvidenceBytes

	if maxDataBytes < 0 {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf(
			"Negative MaxDataBytes. BlockSize.MaxBytes=%d is too small to accommodate header&lastCommit&evidence=%d",
			maxBytes,
			-(maxDataBytes - maxBytes),
		))
	}

	return maxDataBytes

}

// MaxDataBytesUnknownEvidence returns the maximum size of block's data when
// evidence count is unknown. MaxEvidenceBytesPerBlock will be used as the size
// of evidence.
//
// XXX: Panics on negative result.
func MaxDataBytesUnknownEvidence(maxBytes int64, valsCount int) int64 {
	maxDataBytes := maxBytes -
		MaxAminoOverheadForBlock -
		MaxHeaderBytes -
		int64(valsCount)*MaxVoteBytes -
		MaxEvidenceBytesPerBlock(maxBytes)

	if maxDataBytes < 0 {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf(
			"Negative MaxDataBytesUnknownEvidence. BlockSize.MaxBytes=%d is too small to accommodate header&lastCommit&evidence=%d",
			maxBytes,
			-(maxDataBytes - maxBytes),
		))
	}

	return maxDataBytes
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Header defines the structure of a Tendermint block header
// TODO: limit header size
// NOTE: changes to the Header should be duplicated in the abci Header
// and in /docs/spec/blockchain/blockchain.md
type Header struct {
	// basic block info
	ChainID  string    `json:"chain_id"`
	Height   int64     `json:"height"`
	Time     time.Time `json:"time"`
	NumTxs   int64     `json:"num_txs"`
	TotalTxs int64     `json:"total_txs"`

	// prev block info
	LastBlockID BlockID `json:"last_block_id"`

	// hashes of block data
	LastCommitHash cmn.HexBytes `json:"last_commit_hash"` // commit from validators from the last block
	DataHash       cmn.HexBytes `json:"data_hash"`        // transactions

	// hashes from the app output from the prev block
	ValidatorsHash     cmn.HexBytes `json:"validators_hash"`      // validators for the current block
	NextValidatorsHash cmn.HexBytes `json:"next_validators_hash"` // validators for the next block
	ConsensusHash      cmn.HexBytes `json:"consensus_hash"`       // consensus params for current block
	AppHash            cmn.HexBytes `json:"app_hash"`             // state after txs from the previous block
	LastResultsHash    cmn.HexBytes `json:"last_results_hash"`    // root hash of all results from the txs from the previous block

	// consensus info
	EvidenceHash    cmn.HexBytes `json:"evidence_hash"`    // evidence included in the block
	ProposerAddress Address      `json:"proposer_address"` // original proposer of the block
}

// Hash returns the hash of the header.
// Returns nil if ValidatorHash is missing,
// since a Header is not valid unless there is
// a ValidatorsHash (corresponding to the validator set).
func (h *Header) Hash() cmn.HexBytes {
	if h == nil || len(h.ValidatorsHash) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return merkle.SimpleHashFromMap(map[string][]byte{
		"ChainID":        cdcEncode(h.ChainID),
		"Height":         cdcEncode(h.Height),
		"Time":           cdcEncode(h.Time),
		"NumTxs":         cdcEncode(h.NumTxs),
		"TotalTxs":       cdcEncode(h.TotalTxs),
		"LastBlockID":    cdcEncode(h.LastBlockID),
		"LastCommit":     cdcEncode(h.LastCommitHash),
		"Data":           cdcEncode(h.DataHash),
		"Validators":     cdcEncode(h.ValidatorsHash),
		"NextValidators": cdcEncode(h.NextValidatorsHash),
		"App":            cdcEncode(h.AppHash),
		"Consensus":      cdcEncode(h.ConsensusHash),
		"Results":        cdcEncode(h.LastResultsHash),
		"Evidence":       cdcEncode(h.EvidenceHash),
		"Proposer":       cdcEncode(h.ProposerAddress),
	})
}

// StringIndented returns a string representation of the header
func (h *Header) StringIndented(indent string) string {
	if h == nil {
		return "nil-Header"
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf(`Header{
%s  ChainID:        %v
%s  Height:         %v
%s  Time:           %v
%s  NumTxs:         %v
%s  TotalTxs:       %v
%s  LastBlockID:    %v
%s  LastCommit:     %v
%s  Data:           %v
%s  Validators:     %v
%s  NextValidators: %v
%s  App:            %v
%s  Consensus:       %v
%s  Results:        %v
%s  Evidence:       %v
%s  Proposer:       %v
%s}#%v`,
		indent, h.ChainID,
		indent, h.Height,
		indent, h.Time,
		indent, h.NumTxs,
		indent, h.TotalTxs,
		indent, h.LastBlockID,
		indent, h.LastCommitHash,
		indent, h.DataHash,
		indent, h.ValidatorsHash,
		indent, h.NextValidatorsHash,
		indent, h.AppHash,
		indent, h.ConsensusHash,
		indent, h.LastResultsHash,
		indent, h.EvidenceHash,
		indent, h.ProposerAddress,
		indent, h.Hash())
}

//-------------------------------------

// Commit contains the evidence that a block was committed by a set of validators.
// NOTE: Commit is empty for height 1, but never nil.
type Commit struct {
	// NOTE: The Precommits are in order of address to preserve the bonded ValidatorSet order.
	// Any peer with a block can gossip precommits by index with a peer without recalculating the
	// active ValidatorSet.
	BlockID    BlockID `json:"block_id"`
	Precommits []*Vote `json:"precommits"`

	// Volatile
	firstPrecommit *Vote
	hash           cmn.HexBytes
	bitArray       *cmn.BitArray
}

// FirstPrecommit returns the first non-nil precommit in the commit.
// If all precommits are nil, it returns an empty precommit with height 0.
func (commit *Commit) FirstPrecommit() *Vote {
	if len(commit.Precommits) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	if commit.firstPrecommit != nil {
		return commit.firstPrecommit
	}
	for _, precommit := range commit.Precommits {
		if precommit != nil {
			commit.firstPrecommit = precommit
			return precommit
		}
	}
	return &Vote{
		Type: PrecommitType,
	}
}

// Height returns the height of the commit
func (commit *Commit) Height() int64 {
	if len(commit.Precommits) == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	return commit.FirstPrecommit().Height
}

// Round returns the round of the commit
func (commit *Commit) Round() int {
	if len(commit.Precommits) == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	return commit.FirstPrecommit().Round
}

// Type returns the vote type of the commit, which is always VoteTypePrecommit
func (commit *Commit) Type() byte {
	return byte(PrecommitType)
}

// Size returns the number of votes in the commit
func (commit *Commit) Size() int {
	if commit == nil {
		return 0
	}
	return len(commit.Precommits)
}

// BitArray returns a BitArray of which validators voted in this commit
func (commit *Commit) BitArray() *cmn.BitArray {
	if commit.bitArray == nil {
		commit.bitArray = cmn.NewBitArray(len(commit.Precommits))
		for i, precommit := range commit.Precommits {
			// TODO: need to check the BlockID otherwise we could be counting conflicts,
			// not just the one with +2/3 !
			commit.bitArray.SetIndex(i, precommit != nil)
		}
	}
	return commit.bitArray
}

// GetByIndex returns the vote corresponding to a given validator index
func (commit *Commit) GetByIndex(index int) *Vote {
	return commit.Precommits[index]
}

// IsCommit returns true if there is at least one vote
func (commit *Commit) IsCommit() bool {
	return len(commit.Precommits) != 0
}

// ValidateBasic performs basic validation that doesn't involve state data.
// Does not actually check the cryptographic signatures.
func (commit *Commit) ValidateBasic() error {
	if commit.BlockID.IsZero() {
		return errors.New("Commit cannot be for nil block")
	}
	if len(commit.Precommits) == 0 {
		return errors.New("No precommits in commit")
	}
	height, round := commit.Height(), commit.Round()

	// Validate the precommits.
	for _, precommit := range commit.Precommits {
		// It's OK for precommits to be missing.
		if precommit == nil {
			continue
		}
		// Ensure that all votes are precommits.
		if precommit.Type != PrecommitType {
			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid commit vote. Expected precommit, got %v",
				precommit.Type)
		}
		// Ensure that all heights are the same.
		if precommit.Height != height {
			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid commit precommit height. Expected %v, got %v",
				height, precommit.Height)
		}
		// Ensure that all rounds are the same.
		if precommit.Round != round {
			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid commit precommit round. Expected %v, got %v",
				round, precommit.Round)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Hash returns the hash of the commit
func (commit *Commit) Hash() cmn.HexBytes {
	if commit == nil {
		return nil
	}
	if commit.hash == nil {
		bs := make([][]byte, len(commit.Precommits))
		for i, precommit := range commit.Precommits {
			bs[i] = cdcEncode(precommit)
		}
		commit.hash = merkle.SimpleHashFromByteSlices(bs)
	}
	return commit.hash
}

// StringIndented returns a string representation of the commit
func (commit *Commit) StringIndented(indent string) string {
	if commit == nil {
		return "nil-Commit"
	}
	precommitStrings := make([]string, len(commit.Precommits))
	for i, precommit := range commit.Precommits {
		precommitStrings[i] = precommit.String()
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf(`Commit{
%s  BlockID:    %v
%s  Precommits:
%s    %v
%s}#%v`,
		indent, commit.BlockID,
		indent,
		indent, strings.Join(precommitStrings, "\n"+indent+"    "),
		indent, commit.hash)
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// SignedHeader is a header along with the commits that prove it.
type SignedHeader struct {
	*Header `json:"header"`
	Commit  *Commit `json:"commit"`
}

// ValidateBasic does basic consistency checks and makes sure the header
// and commit are consistent.
//
// NOTE: This does not actually check the cryptographic signatures.  Make
// sure to use a Verifier to validate the signatures actually provide a
// significantly strong proof for this header's validity.
func (sh SignedHeader) ValidateBasic(chainID string) error {

	// Make sure the header is consistent with the commit.
	if sh.Header == nil {
		return errors.New("SignedHeader missing header.")
	}
	if sh.Commit == nil {
		return errors.New("SignedHeader missing commit (precommit votes).")
	}
	// Check ChainID.
	if sh.ChainID != chainID {
		return fmt.Errorf("Header belongs to another chain '%s' not '%s'",
			sh.ChainID, chainID)
	}
	// Check Height.
	if sh.Commit.Height() != sh.Height {
		return fmt.Errorf("SignedHeader header and commit height mismatch: %v vs %v",
			sh.Height, sh.Commit.Height())
	}
	// Check Hash.
	hhash := sh.Hash()
	chash := sh.Commit.BlockID.Hash
	if !bytes.Equal(hhash, chash) {
		return fmt.Errorf("SignedHeader commit signs block %X, header is block %X",
			chash, hhash)
	}
	// ValidateBasic on the Commit.
	err := sh.Commit.ValidateBasic()
	if err != nil {
		return cmn.ErrorWrap(err, "commit.ValidateBasic failed during SignedHeader.ValidateBasic")
	}
	return nil
}

func (sh SignedHeader) String() string {
	return sh.StringIndented("")
}

// StringIndented returns a string representation of the SignedHeader.
func (sh SignedHeader) StringIndented(indent string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf(`SignedHeader{
%s  %v
%s  %v
%s}`,
		indent, sh.Header.StringIndented(indent+"  "),
		indent, sh.Commit.StringIndented(indent+"  "),
		indent)
	return ""
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Data contains the set of transactions included in the block
type Data struct {

	// Txs that will be applied by state @ block.Height+1.
	// NOTE: not all txs here are valid.  We're just agreeing on the order first.
	// This means that block.AppHash does not include these txs.
	Txs Txs `json:"txs"`

	// Volatile
	hash cmn.HexBytes
}

// Hash returns the hash of the data
func (data *Data) Hash() cmn.HexBytes {
	if data == nil {
		return (Txs{}).Hash()
	}
	if data.hash == nil {
		data.hash = data.Txs.Hash() // NOTE: leaves of merkle tree are TxIDs
	}
	return data.hash
}

// StringIndented returns a string representation of the transactions
func (data *Data) StringIndented(indent string) string {
	if data == nil {
		return "nil-Data"
	}
	txStrings := make([]string, cmn.MinInt(len(data.Txs), 21))
	for i, tx := range data.Txs {
		if i == 20 {
			txStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("... (%v total)", len(data.Txs))
			break
		}
		txStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%X (%d bytes)", tx.Hash(), len(tx))
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf(`Data{
%s  %v
%s}#%v`,
		indent, strings.Join(txStrings, "\n"+indent+"  "),
		indent, data.hash)
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// EvidenceData contains any evidence of malicious wrong-doing by validators
type EvidenceData struct {
	Evidence EvidenceList `json:"evidence"`

	// Volatile
	hash cmn.HexBytes
}

// Hash returns the hash of the data.
func (data *EvidenceData) Hash() cmn.HexBytes {
	if data.hash == nil {
		data.hash = data.Evidence.Hash()
	}
	return data.hash
}

// StringIndented returns a string representation of the evidence.
func (data *EvidenceData) StringIndented(indent string) string {
	if data == nil {
		return "nil-Evidence"
	}
	evStrings := make([]string, cmn.MinInt(len(data.Evidence), 21))
	for i, ev := range data.Evidence {
		if i == 20 {
			evStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("... (%v total)", len(data.Evidence))
			break
		}
		evStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("Evidence:%v", ev)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf(`EvidenceData{
%s  %v
%s}#%v`,
		indent, strings.Join(evStrings, "\n"+indent+"  "),
		indent, data.hash)
	return ""
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// BlockID defines the unique ID of a block as its Hash and its PartSetHeader
type BlockID struct {
	Hash        cmn.HexBytes  `json:"hash"`
	PartsHeader PartSetHeader `json:"parts"`
}

// IsZero returns true if this is the BlockID for a nil-block
func (blockID BlockID) IsZero() bool {
	return len(blockID.Hash) == 0 && blockID.PartsHeader.IsZero()
}

// Equals returns true if the BlockID matches the given BlockID
func (blockID BlockID) Equals(other BlockID) bool {
	return bytes.Equal(blockID.Hash, other.Hash) &&
		blockID.PartsHeader.Equals(other.PartsHeader)
}

// Key returns a machine-readable string representation of the BlockID
func (blockID BlockID) Key() string {
	bz, err := cdc.MarshalBinaryBare(blockID.PartsHeader)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return string(blockID.Hash) + string(bz)
}

// String returns a human readable string representation of the BlockID
func (blockID BlockID) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf(`%v:%v`, blockID.Hash, blockID.PartsHeader)
}