execution.go

package state

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"time"

	abci "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/abci/types"
	dbm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/db"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/fail"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/log"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/proxy"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
)

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// BlockExecutor handles block execution and state updates.
// It exposes ApplyBlock(), which validates & executes the block, updates state w/ ABCI responses,
// then commits and updates the mempool atomically, then saves state.

// BlockExecutor provides the context and accessories for properly executing a block.
type BlockExecutor struct {
	// save state, validators, consensus params, abci responses here
	db dbm.DB

	// execute the app against this
	proxyApp proxy.AppConnConsensus

	// events
	eventBus types.BlockEventPublisher

	// update these with block results after commit
	mempool Mempool
	evpool  EvidencePool

	logger log.Logger

	metrics *Metrics
}

type BlockExecutorOption func(executor *BlockExecutor)

func BlockExecutorWithMetrics(metrics *Metrics) BlockExecutorOption {
	return func(blockExec *BlockExecutor) {
		blockExec.metrics = metrics
	}
}

// NewBlockExecutor returns a new BlockExecutor with a NopEventBus.
// Call SetEventBus to provide one.
func NewBlockExecutor(db dbm.DB, logger log.Logger, proxyApp proxy.AppConnConsensus,
	mempool Mempool, evpool EvidencePool, options ...BlockExecutorOption) *BlockExecutor {
	res := &BlockExecutor{
		db:       db,
		proxyApp: proxyApp,
		eventBus: types.NopEventBus{},
		mempool:  mempool,
		evpool:   evpool,
		logger:   logger,
		metrics:  NopMetrics(),
	}

	for _, option := range options {
		option(res)
	}

	return res
}

// SetEventBus - sets the event bus for publishing block related events.
// If not called, it defaults to types.NopEventBus.
func (blockExec *BlockExecutor) SetEventBus(eventBus types.BlockEventPublisher) {
	blockExec.eventBus = eventBus
}

// ValidateBlock validates the given block against the given state.
// If the block is invalid, it returns an error.
// Validation does not mutate state, but does require historical information from the stateDB,
// ie. to verify evidence from a validator at an old height.
func (blockExec *BlockExecutor) ValidateBlock(state State, block *types.Block) error {
	return validateBlock(blockExec.db, state, block)
}

// ApplyBlock validates the block against the state, executes it against the app,
// fires the relevant events, commits the app, and saves the new state and responses.
// It's the only function that needs to be called
// from outside this package to process and commit an entire block.
// It takes a blockID to avoid recomputing the parts hash.
func (blockExec *BlockExecutor) ApplyBlock(state State, blockID types.BlockID, block *types.Block) (State, error) {

	if err := blockExec.ValidateBlock(state, block); err != nil {
		return state, ErrInvalidBlock(err)
	}

	startTime := time.Now().UnixNano()
	abciResponses, err := execBlockOnProxyApp(blockExec.logger, blockExec.proxyApp, block, state.LastValidators, blockExec.db)
	endTime := time.Now().UnixNano()
	blockExec.metrics.BlockProcessingTime.Observe(float64(endTime-startTime) / 1000000)
	if err != nil {
		return state, ErrProxyAppConn(err)
	}

	fail.Fail() // XXX

	// Save the results before we commit.
	saveABCIResponses(blockExec.db, block.Height, abciResponses)

	fail.Fail() // XXX

	// validate the validator updates and convert to tendermint types
	abciValUpdates := abciResponses.EndBlock.ValidatorUpdates
	err = validateValidatorUpdates(abciValUpdates, state.ConsensusParams.Validator)
	if err != nil {
		return state, fmt.Errorf("Error in validator updates: %v", err)
	}
	validatorUpdates, err := types.PB2TM.ValidatorUpdates(abciValUpdates)
	if err != nil {
		return state, err
	}
	if len(validatorUpdates) > 0 {
		blockExec.logger.Info("Updates to validators", "updates", makeValidatorUpdatesLogString(validatorUpdates))
	}

	// Update the state with the block and responses.
	state, err = updateState(state, blockID, &block.Header, abciResponses, validatorUpdates)
	if err != nil {
		return state, fmt.Errorf("Commit failed for application: %v", err)
	}

	// Lock mempool, commit app state, update mempoool.
	appHash, err := blockExec.Commit(state, block)
	if err != nil {
		return state, fmt.Errorf("Commit failed for application: %v", err)
	}

	// Update evpool with the block and state.
	blockExec.evpool.Update(block, state)

	fail.Fail() // XXX

	// Update the app hash and save the state.
	state.AppHash = appHash
	SaveState(blockExec.db, state)

	fail.Fail() // XXX

	// Events are fired after everything else.
	// NOTE: if we crash between Commit and Save, events wont be fired during replay
	fireEvents(blockExec.logger, blockExec.eventBus, block, abciResponses, validatorUpdates)

	return state, nil
}

// Commit locks the mempool, runs the ABCI Commit message, and updates the
// mempool.
// It returns the result of calling abci.Commit (the AppHash), and an error.
// The Mempool must be locked during commit and update because state is
// typically reset on Commit and old txs must be replayed against committed
// state before new txs are run in the mempool, lest they be invalid.
func (blockExec *BlockExecutor) Commit(
	state State,
	block *types.Block,
) ([]byte, error) {
	blockExec.mempool.Lock()
	defer blockExec.mempool.Unlock()

	// while mempool is Locked, flush to ensure all async requests have completed
	// in the ABCI app before Commit.
	err := blockExec.mempool.FlushAppConn()
	if err != nil {
		blockExec.logger.Error("Client error during mempool.FlushAppConn", "err", err)
		return nil, err
	}

	// Commit block, get hash back
	res, err := blockExec.proxyApp.CommitSync()
	if err != nil {
		blockExec.logger.Error(
			"Client error during proxyAppConn.CommitSync",
			"err", err,
		)
		return nil, err
	}
	// ResponseCommit has no error code - just data

	blockExec.logger.Info(
		"Committed state",
		"height", block.Height,
		"txs", block.NumTxs,
		"appHash", fmt.Sprintf("%X", res.Data),
	)

	// Update mempool.
	err = blockExec.mempool.Update(
		block.Height,
		block.Txs,
		TxPreCheck(state),
		TxPostCheck(state),
	)

	return res.Data, err
}

//---------------------------------------------------------
// Helper functions for executing blocks and updating state

// Executes block's transactions on proxyAppConn.
// Returns a list of transaction results and updates to the validator set
func execBlockOnProxyApp(
	logger log.Logger,
	proxyAppConn proxy.AppConnConsensus,
	block *types.Block,
	lastValSet *types.ValidatorSet,
	stateDB dbm.DB,
) (*ABCIResponses, error) {
	var validTxs, invalidTxs = 0, 0

	txIndex := 0
	abciResponses := NewABCIResponses(block)

	// Execute transactions and get hash.
	proxyCb := func(req *abci.Request, res *abci.Response) {
		switch r := res.Value.(type) {
		case *abci.Response_DeliverTx:
			// TODO: make use of res.Log
			// TODO: make use of this info
			// Blocks may include invalid txs.
			txRes := r.DeliverTx
			if txRes.Code == abci.CodeTypeOK {
				validTxs++
			} else {
				logger.Debug("Invalid tx", "code", txRes.Code, "log", txRes.Log)
				invalidTxs++
			}
			abciResponses.DeliverTx[txIndex] = txRes
			txIndex++
		}
	}
	proxyAppConn.SetResponseCallback(proxyCb)

	commitInfo, byzVals := getBeginBlockValidatorInfo(block, lastValSet, stateDB)

	// Begin block
	var err error
	abciResponses.BeginBlock, err = proxyAppConn.BeginBlockSync(abci.RequestBeginBlock{
		Hash:                block.Hash(),
		Header:              types.TM2PB.Header(&block.Header),
		LastCommitInfo:      commitInfo,
		ByzantineValidators: byzVals,
	})
	if err != nil {
		logger.Error("Error in proxyAppConn.BeginBlock", "err", err)
		return nil, err
	}

	// Run txs of block.
	for _, tx := range block.Txs {
		proxyAppConn.DeliverTxAsync(tx)
		if err := proxyAppConn.Error(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	// End block.
	abciResponses.EndBlock, err = proxyAppConn.EndBlockSync(abci.RequestEndBlock{Height: block.Height})
	if err != nil {
		logger.Error("Error in proxyAppConn.EndBlock", "err", err)
		return nil, err
	}

	logger.Info("Executed block", "height", block.Height, "validTxs", validTxs, "invalidTxs", invalidTxs)

	return abciResponses, nil
}

func getBeginBlockValidatorInfo(block *types.Block, lastValSet *types.ValidatorSet, stateDB dbm.DB) (abci.LastCommitInfo, []abci.Evidence) {

	// Sanity check that commit length matches validator set size -
	// only applies after first block
	if block.Height > 1 {
		precommitLen := len(block.LastCommit.Precommits)
		valSetLen := len(lastValSet.Validators)
		if precommitLen != valSetLen {
			// sanity check
			panic(fmt.Sprintf("precommit length (%d) doesn't match valset length (%d) at height %d\n\n%v\n\n%v",
				precommitLen, valSetLen, block.Height, block.LastCommit.Precommits, lastValSet.Validators))
		}
	}

	// Collect the vote info (list of validators and whether or not they signed).
	voteInfos := make([]abci.VoteInfo, len(lastValSet.Validators))
	for i, val := range lastValSet.Validators {
		var vote *types.Vote
		if i < len(block.LastCommit.Precommits) {
			vote = block.LastCommit.Precommits[i]
		}
		voteInfo := abci.VoteInfo{
			Validator:       types.TM2PB.Validator(val),
			SignedLastBlock: vote != nil,
		}
		voteInfos[i] = voteInfo
	}

	commitInfo := abci.LastCommitInfo{
		Round: int32(block.LastCommit.Round()),
		Votes: voteInfos,
	}

	byzVals := make([]abci.Evidence, len(block.Evidence.Evidence))
	for i, ev := range block.Evidence.Evidence {
		// We need the validator set. We already did this in validateBlock.
		// TODO: Should we instead cache the valset in the evidence itself and add
		// `SetValidatorSet()` and `ToABCI` methods ?
		valset, err := LoadValidators(stateDB, ev.Height())
		if err != nil {
			panic(err) // shouldn't happen
		}
		byzVals[i] = types.TM2PB.Evidence(ev, valset, block.Time)
	}

	return commitInfo, byzVals

}

func validateValidatorUpdates(abciUpdates []abci.ValidatorUpdate,
	params types.ValidatorParams) error {
	for _, valUpdate := range abciUpdates {
		if valUpdate.GetPower() < 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("Voting power can't be negative %v", valUpdate)
		} else if valUpdate.GetPower() == 0 {
			// continue, since this is deleting the validator, and thus there is no
			// pubkey to check
			continue
		}

		// Check if validator's pubkey matches an ABCI type in the consensus params
		thisKeyType := valUpdate.PubKey.Type
		if !params.IsValidPubkeyType(thisKeyType) {
			return fmt.Errorf("Validator %v is using pubkey %s, which is unsupported for consensus",
				valUpdate, thisKeyType)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// If more or equal than 1/3 of total voting power changed in one block, then
// a light client could never prove the transition externally. See
// ./lite/doc.go for details on how a light client tracks validators.
func updateValidators(currentSet *types.ValidatorSet, updates []*types.Validator) error {
	for _, valUpdate := range updates {
		// should already have been checked
		if valUpdate.VotingPower < 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("Voting power can't be negative %v", valUpdate)
		}

		address := valUpdate.Address
		_, val := currentSet.GetByAddress(address)
		// valUpdate.VotingPower is ensured to be non-negative in validation method
		if valUpdate.VotingPower == 0 { // remove val
			_, removed := currentSet.Remove(address)
			if !removed {
				return fmt.Errorf("Failed to remove validator %X", address)
			}
		} else if val == nil { // add val
			// make sure we do not exceed MaxTotalVotingPower by adding this validator:
			totalVotingPower := currentSet.TotalVotingPower()
			updatedVotingPower := valUpdate.VotingPower + totalVotingPower
			overflow := updatedVotingPower > types.MaxTotalVotingPower || updatedVotingPower < 0
			if overflow {
				return fmt.Errorf(
					"Failed to add new validator %v. Adding it would exceed max allowed total voting power %v",
					valUpdate,
					types.MaxTotalVotingPower)
			}
			// TODO: issue #1558 update spec according to the following:
			// Set ProposerPriority to -C*totalVotingPower (with C ~= 1.125) to make sure validators can't
			// unbond/rebond to reset their (potentially previously negative) ProposerPriority to zero.
			//
			// Contract: totalVotingPower < MaxTotalVotingPower to ensure ProposerPriority does
			// not exceed the bounds of int64.
			//
			// Compute ProposerPriority = -1.125*totalVotingPower == -(totalVotingPower + (totalVotingPower >> 3)).
			valUpdate.ProposerPriority = -(totalVotingPower + (totalVotingPower >> 3))
			added := currentSet.Add(valUpdate)
			if !added {
				return fmt.Errorf("Failed to add new validator %v", valUpdate)
			}
		} else { // update val
			// make sure we do not exceed MaxTotalVotingPower by updating this validator:
			totalVotingPower := currentSet.TotalVotingPower()
			curVotingPower := val.VotingPower
			updatedVotingPower := totalVotingPower - curVotingPower + valUpdate.VotingPower
			overflow := updatedVotingPower > types.MaxTotalVotingPower || updatedVotingPower < 0
			if overflow {
				return fmt.Errorf(
					"Failed to update existing validator %v. Updating it would exceed max allowed total voting power %v",
					valUpdate,
					types.MaxTotalVotingPower)
			}

			updated := currentSet.Update(valUpdate)
			if !updated {
				return fmt.Errorf("Failed to update validator %X to %v", address, valUpdate)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// updateState returns a new State updated according to the header and responses.
func updateState(
	state State,
	blockID types.BlockID,
	header *types.Header,
	abciResponses *ABCIResponses,
	validatorUpdates []*types.Validator,
) (State, error) {

	// Copy the valset so we can apply changes from EndBlock
	// and update s.LastValidators and s.Validators.
	nValSet := state.NextValidators.Copy()

	// Update the validator set with the latest abciResponses.
	lastHeightValsChanged := state.LastHeightValidatorsChanged
	if len(validatorUpdates) > 0 {
		err := updateValidators(nValSet, validatorUpdates)
		if err != nil {
			return state, fmt.Errorf("Error changing validator set: %v", err)
		}
		// Change results from this height but only applies to the next next height.
		lastHeightValsChanged = header.Height + 1 + 1
	}

	// Update validator proposer priority and set state variables.
	nValSet.IncrementProposerPriority(1)

	// Update the params with the latest abciResponses.
	nextParams := state.ConsensusParams
	lastHeightParamsChanged := state.LastHeightConsensusParamsChanged
	if abciResponses.EndBlock.ConsensusParamUpdates != nil {
		// NOTE: must not mutate s.ConsensusParams
		nextParams = state.ConsensusParams.Update(abciResponses.EndBlock.ConsensusParamUpdates)
		err := nextParams.Validate()
		if err != nil {
			return state, fmt.Errorf("Error updating consensus params: %v", err)
		}
		// Change results from this height but only applies to the next height.
		lastHeightParamsChanged = header.Height + 1
	}

	// TODO: allow app to upgrade version
	nextVersion := state.Version

	// NOTE: the AppHash has not been populated.
	// It will be filled on state.Save.
	return State{
		Version:                          nextVersion,
		ChainID:                          state.ChainID,
		LastBlockHeight:                  header.Height,
		LastBlockTotalTx:                 state.LastBlockTotalTx + header.NumTxs,
		LastBlockID:                      blockID,
		LastBlockTime:                    header.Time,
		NextValidators:                   nValSet,
		Validators:                       state.NextValidators.Copy(),
		LastValidators:                   state.Validators.Copy(),
		LastHeightValidatorsChanged:      lastHeightValsChanged,
		ConsensusParams:                  nextParams,
		LastHeightConsensusParamsChanged: lastHeightParamsChanged,
		LastResultsHash:                  abciResponses.ResultsHash(),
		AppHash:                          nil,
	}, nil
}

// Fire NewBlock, NewBlockHeader.
// Fire TxEvent for every tx.
// NOTE: if Tendermint crashes before commit, some or all of these events may be published again.
func fireEvents(logger log.Logger, eventBus types.BlockEventPublisher, block *types.Block, abciResponses *ABCIResponses, validatorUpdates []*types.Validator) {
	eventBus.PublishEventNewBlock(types.EventDataNewBlock{
		Block:            block,
		ResultBeginBlock: *abciResponses.BeginBlock,
		ResultEndBlock:   *abciResponses.EndBlock,
	})
	eventBus.PublishEventNewBlockHeader(types.EventDataNewBlockHeader{
		Header:           block.Header,
		ResultBeginBlock: *abciResponses.BeginBlock,
		ResultEndBlock:   *abciResponses.EndBlock,
	})

	for i, tx := range block.Data.Txs {
		eventBus.PublishEventTx(types.EventDataTx{types.TxResult{
			Height: block.Height,
			Index:  uint32(i),
			Tx:     tx,
			Result: *(abciResponses.DeliverTx[i]),
		}})
	}

	if len(validatorUpdates) > 0 {
		eventBus.PublishEventValidatorSetUpdates(
			types.EventDataValidatorSetUpdates{ValidatorUpdates: validatorUpdates})
	}
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Execute block without state. TODO: eliminate

// ExecCommitBlock executes and commits a block on the proxyApp without validating or mutating the state.
// It returns the application root hash (result of abci.Commit).
func ExecCommitBlock(
	appConnConsensus proxy.AppConnConsensus,
	block *types.Block,
	logger log.Logger,
	lastValSet *types.ValidatorSet,
	stateDB dbm.DB,
) ([]byte, error) {
	_, err := execBlockOnProxyApp(logger, appConnConsensus, block, lastValSet, stateDB)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Error("Error executing block on proxy app", "height", block.Height, "err", err)
		return nil, err
	}
	// Commit block, get hash back
	res, err := appConnConsensus.CommitSync()
	if err != nil {
		logger.Error("Client error during proxyAppConn.CommitSync", "err", res)
		return nil, err
	}
	// ResponseCommit has no error or log, just data
	return res.Data, nil
}

// Make pretty string for validatorUpdates logging
func makeValidatorUpdatesLogString(vals []*types.Validator) string {
	chunks := make([]string, len(vals))
	for i, val := range vals {
		chunks[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", val.Address, val.VotingPower)
	}

	return strings.Join(chunks, ",")
}