consensus: check proposal non-nil in prevote message delay metric (backport #7625)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #7625 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of b6307c4 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/v0.34.x/pr-7625
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/v0.34.x'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit b6307c42e.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   consensus/state.go

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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