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pipeline.py
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pipeline.py
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# Copyright 2023 The TensorFlow Ranking Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Provides a `RankingPipeline` for running a TF-Ranking model.
This class contains the boilerplate required to run a TF-Ranking model, which
reduces a few replicated setups (e.g., input function, serving input function,
model export strategies) for running TF-Ranking models. Advanced users can also
derive from this class and further tailor for their needs.
"""
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import estimator as tf_estimator
from tensorflow.compat.v1 import estimator as tf_compat_v1_estimator
from tensorflow_ranking.python import data as tfr_data
_PADDING_LABEL = -1
class RankingPipeline(object):
"""Class to set up the input, train and eval processes for a TF Ranking model.
An example use case is provided below:
```python
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_ranking as tfr
context_feature_columns = {
"c1": tf.feature_column.numeric_column("c1", shape=(1,))
}
example_feature_columns = {
"e1": tf.feature_column.numeric_column("e1", shape=(1,))
}
hparams = dict(
train_input_pattern="/path/to/train/files",
eval_input_pattern="/path/to/eval/files",
train_batch_size=8,
eval_batch_size=8,
checkpoint_secs=120,
num_checkpoints=1000,
num_train_steps=10000,
num_eval_steps=100,
loss="softmax_loss",
list_size=10,
listwise_inference=False,
convert_labels_to_binary=False,
model_dir="/path/to/your/model/directory")
# See `tensorflow_ranking.estimator` for details about creating an estimator.
estimator = <create your own estimator>
ranking_pipeline = tfr.ext.pipeline.RankingPipeline(
context_feature_columns,
example_feature_columns,
hparams,
estimator=estimator,
label_feature_name="relevance",
label_feature_type=tf.int64)
ranking_pipeline.train_and_eval()
```
Note that you may:
* pass `best_exporter_metric` and `best_exporter_metric_higher_better` for
different model export strategies.
* pass `dataset_reader` for reading different `tf.Dataset`s. We recommend
using TFRecord files and storing your data in `tfr.data.ELWC` format.
If you want to further customize certain `RankingPipeline` behaviors, please
create a subclass of `RankingPipeline`, and overwrite related functions. We
recommend only overwriting the following functions:
* `_make_dataset` which builds the tf.dataset for a tf-ranking model.
* `_make_serving_input_fn` that defines the input function for serving.
* `_export_strategies` if you have more advanced needs for model exporting.
For example, if you want to remove the best exporters, you may overwrite:
```python
class NoBestExporterRankingPipeline(tfr.ext.pipeline.RankingPipeline):
def _export_strategies(self, event_file_pattern):
del event_file_pattern
latest_exporter = tf.estimator.LatestExporter(
"latest_model",
serving_input_receiver_fn=self._make_serving_input_fn())
return [latest_exporter]
ranking_pipeline = NoBestExporterRankingPipeline(
context_feature_columns,
example_feature_columns,
hparams
estimator=estimator)
ranking_pipeline.train_and_eval()
```
if you want to customize your dataset reading behaviors, you may overwrite:
```python
class CustomizedDatasetRankingPipeline(tfr.ext.pipeline.RankingPipeline):
def _make_dataset(self,
batch_size,
list_size,
input_pattern,
randomize_input=True,
num_epochs=None):
# Creates your own dataset, plese follow `tfr.data.build_ranking_dataset`.
dataset = build_my_own_ranking_dataset(...)
...
return dataset.map(self._features_and_labels)
ranking_pipeline = CustomizedDatasetRankingPipeline(
context_feature_columns,
example_feature_columns,
hparams
estimator=estimator)
ranking_pipeline.train_and_eval()
```
"""
def __init__(self,
context_feature_columns,
example_feature_columns,
hparams,
estimator,
label_feature_name="relevance",
label_feature_type=tf.int64,
dataset_reader=tf.data.TFRecordDataset,
best_exporter_metric=None,
best_exporter_metric_higher_better=True,
size_feature_name=None):
"""Constructor.
Args:
context_feature_columns: (dict) Context (aka, query) feature columns.
example_feature_columns: (dict) Example (aka, document) feature columns.
hparams: (dict) A dict containing model hyperparameters.
estimator: (`Estimator`) An `Estimator` instance for model train and eval.
label_feature_name: (str) The name of the label feature.
label_feature_type: (`tf.dtype`) The value type of the label feature.
dataset_reader: (`tf.Dataset`) The dataset format for the input files.
best_exporter_metric: (str) Metric key for exporting the best model. If
None, exports the model with the minimal loss value.
best_exporter_metric_higher_better: (bool) If a higher metric is better.
This is only used if `best_exporter_metric` is not None.
size_feature_name: (str) If set, populates the feature dictionary with
this name and the coresponding value is a `tf.int32` Tensor of shape
[batch_size] indicating the actual sizes of the example lists before
padding and truncation. If None, which is default, this feature is not
generated.
"""
self._validate_parameters(estimator, hparams)
self._context_feature_columns = context_feature_columns
self._example_feature_columns = example_feature_columns
self._hparams = hparams
self._estimator = estimator
self._label_feature_name = label_feature_name
self._label_feature_type = label_feature_type
self._dataset_reader = dataset_reader
self._best_exporter_metric = best_exporter_metric
self._best_exporter_metric_higher_better = (
best_exporter_metric_higher_better)
self._size_feature_name = size_feature_name
def _required_hparam_keys(self):
"""Returns a list of keys for the required hparams for RankingPipeline."""
required_hparam_keys = [
"train_input_pattern", "eval_input_pattern", "train_batch_size",
"eval_batch_size", "checkpoint_secs", "num_checkpoints",
"num_train_steps", "num_eval_steps", "loss", "list_size",
"convert_labels_to_binary", "model_dir", "listwise_inference"
]
return required_hparam_keys
def _validate_parameters(self, estimator, hparams):
"""Validates the passed-in estimator and hparams.
Args:
estimator: (`Estimator`) An `Estimator` instance.
hparams: (dict) A dict containing model hyperparameters.
Raises:
ValueError: If the `estimator` is None.
ValueError: If the `estimator` is not an `Estimator`.
ValueError: If any of the `self._required_hparam_keys()` does not present
in the `hparams`.
"""
if estimator is None:
raise ValueError("The `estimator` cannot be empty!")
if not isinstance(
estimator, (tf_estimator.Estimator, tf_compat_v1_estimator.Estimator)):
raise ValueError(
"The argument estimator needs to be of type tf.estimator.Estimator, "
"not %s." % type(estimator))
for required_key in self._required_hparam_keys():
if required_key not in hparams:
raise ValueError("Required key is missing: '{}'".format(required_key))
def _features_and_labels(self, features):
"""Extracts labels from features."""
label = tf.cast(
tf.squeeze(features.pop(self._label_feature_name), axis=2), tf.float32)
if self._hparams.get("convert_labels_to_binary"):
label = tf.compat.v1.where(
tf.greater(label, 0.), tf.ones_like(label), label)
return features, label
def _make_dataset(self,
batch_size,
list_size,
input_pattern,
randomize_input=True,
num_epochs=None):
"""Builds a dataset for the TF-Ranking model.
Args:
batch_size: (int) The number of input examples to process per batch. Use
params['batch_size'] for TPUEstimator, and `batch_size` for Estimator.
list_size: (int) The list size for an ELWC example.
input_pattern: (str) File pattern for the input data.
randomize_input: (bool) If true, randomize input example order. It should
almost always be true except for unittest/debug purposes.
num_epochs: (int) The number of times the input dataset must be repeated.
None to repeat the data indefinitely.
Returns:
A tuple of (feature tensors, label tensor).
"""
context_feature_spec = tf.feature_column.make_parse_example_spec( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
self._context_feature_columns.values())
label_column = tf.feature_column.numeric_column( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
self._label_feature_name,
dtype=self._label_feature_type,
default_value=_PADDING_LABEL)
example_feature_spec = tf.feature_column.make_parse_example_spec( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
list(self._example_feature_columns.values()) + [label_column])
dataset = tfr_data.build_ranking_dataset(
file_pattern=input_pattern,
data_format=tfr_data.ELWC,
batch_size=batch_size,
list_size=list_size,
context_feature_spec=context_feature_spec,
example_feature_spec=example_feature_spec,
reader=self._dataset_reader,
num_epochs=num_epochs,
shuffle=randomize_input,
shuffle_buffer_size=1000,
sloppy_ordering=True,
drop_final_batch=False,
size_feature_name=self._size_feature_name)
return dataset.map(self._features_and_labels)
def _make_input_fn(self,
input_pattern,
batch_size,
list_size,
randomize_input=True,
num_epochs=None):
"""Returns the input function for the ranking model.
Args:
input_pattern: (str) File pattern for the input data.
batch_size: (int) The number of input examples to process per batch.
list_size: (int) The list size for an ELWC example.
randomize_input: (bool) If true, randomize input example order. It should
almost always be true except for unittest/debug purposes.
num_epochs: (int) The number of times the input dataset must be repeated.
None to repeat the data indefinitely.
Returns:
An `input_fn` for `tf.estimator.Estimator`.
"""
def _input_fn():
"""`input_fn` for the `Estimator`."""
return self._make_dataset(
batch_size=batch_size,
list_size=list_size,
input_pattern=input_pattern,
randomize_input=randomize_input,
num_epochs=num_epochs)
return _input_fn
def _make_serving_input_fn(self):
"""Returns `Estimator` `input_fn` for serving the model.
Returns:
`input_fn` that can be used in serving. The returned input_fn takes no
arguments and returns `InputFnOps'.
"""
context_feature_spec = tf.feature_column.make_parse_example_spec( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
self._context_feature_columns.values())
example_feature_spec = tf.feature_column.make_parse_example_spec( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
self._example_feature_columns.values())
if self._hparams.get("listwise_inference"):
# Exports accept the `ExampleListWithContext` format during serving.
return tfr_data.build_ranking_serving_input_receiver_fn(
data_format=tfr_data.ELWC,
context_feature_spec=context_feature_spec,
example_feature_spec=example_feature_spec,
size_feature_name=self._size_feature_name)
else:
# Exports accept `tf.Example` format during serving.
feature_spec = {}
feature_spec.update(example_feature_spec)
feature_spec.update(context_feature_spec)
return tf_estimator.export.build_parsing_serving_input_receiver_fn( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
feature_spec)
def _export_strategies(self, event_file_pattern, assets_extra=None):
"""Defines the export strategies.
Args:
event_file_pattern: (str) Event file name pattern relative to model_dir.
assets_extra: An optional dict specifying how to populate the assets.extra
directory within the exported SavedModel.
Returns:
A list of `tf.Exporter` strategies for model exporting.
"""
export_strategies = []
latest_exporter = tf_estimator.LatestExporter( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
"latest_model",
serving_input_receiver_fn=self._make_serving_input_fn(),
assets_extra=assets_extra)
export_strategies.append(latest_exporter)
# In case of not specifying the `best_exporter_metric`, uses the default
# BestExporter by the loss value.
if self._best_exporter_metric is None:
best_exporter = tf_estimator.BestExporter( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
name="best_model_by_loss",
serving_input_receiver_fn=self._make_serving_input_fn(),
event_file_pattern=event_file_pattern,
assets_extra=assets_extra)
export_strategies.append(best_exporter)
return export_strategies
def _compare_fn(best_eval_result, current_eval_result):
"""A `compare_fn` to determine the best evaluation result."""
if self._best_exporter_metric not in current_eval_result:
raise ValueError(
"Metric `%s` does not exist! Please use any of the following: `%s`."
% (self._best_exporter_metric, current_eval_result.keys()))
is_current_the_best = (
self._best_exporter_metric_higher_better == (
current_eval_result[self._best_exporter_metric] >=
best_eval_result[self._best_exporter_metric]))
return is_current_the_best
best_exporter = tf_estimator.BestExporter( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
name="best_model_by_metric",
serving_input_receiver_fn=self._make_serving_input_fn(),
event_file_pattern=event_file_pattern,
compare_fn=_compare_fn,
assets_extra=assets_extra)
export_strategies.append(best_exporter)
return export_strategies
def _train_eval_specs(self):
"""Makes a tuple of (train_spec, eval_on_eval_spec, eval_on_train_spec)."""
train_list_size = self._hparams.get("list_size")
eval_list_size = self._hparams.get("eval_list_size") or train_list_size
train_input_fn = self._make_input_fn(
input_pattern=self._hparams.get("train_input_pattern"),
batch_size=self._hparams.get("train_batch_size"),
list_size=train_list_size)
eval_input_fn = self._make_input_fn(
input_pattern=self._hparams.get("eval_input_pattern"),
batch_size=self._hparams.get("eval_batch_size"),
list_size=eval_list_size,
randomize_input=False)
train_spec = tf_estimator.TrainSpec( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
input_fn=train_input_fn,
max_steps=self._hparams.get("num_train_steps"))
eval_on_train_spec = tf_estimator.EvalSpec( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
name="on_train",
input_fn=train_input_fn,
steps=self._hparams.get("num_eval_steps"),
throttle_secs=5)
eval_on_eval_spec = tf_estimator.EvalSpec( # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker
name="on_eval",
input_fn=eval_input_fn,
steps=self._hparams.get("num_eval_steps"),
exporters=self._export_strategies(
event_file_pattern="eval_on_eval/*.tfevents.*",
assets_extra=self._hparams.get("assets_extra")),
throttle_secs=5)
return train_spec, eval_on_eval_spec, eval_on_train_spec
def train_and_eval(self, local_training=True):
"""Launches train and evaluation jobs locally."""
# TODO: supports for distributed training and evaluation.
if not local_training:
raise ValueError("The non local training is not supported now!")
train_spec, eval_spec, _ = self._train_eval_specs()
tf_estimator.train_and_evaluate(self._estimator, train_spec, eval_spec) # pylint: disable=g-deprecated-tf-checker