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ImageRegistration9.cxx
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ImageRegistration9.cxx
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/*=========================================================================
Program: Insight Segmentation & Registration Toolkit
Module: ImageRegistration9.cxx
Language: C++
Date: $Date$
Version: $Revision$
Copyright (c) Insight Software Consortium. All rights reserved.
See ITKCopyright.txt or http://www.itk.org/HTML/Copyright.htm for details.
This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the above copyright notices for more information.
=========================================================================*/
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning ( disable : 4786 )
#endif
// Software Guide : BeginCommandLineArgs
// INPUTS: {BrainProtonDensitySliceBorder20.png}
// INPUTS: {BrainProtonDensitySliceR10X13Y17.png}
// OUTPUTS: {ImageRegistration9Output.png}
// OUTPUTS: {ImageRegistration9DifferenceBefore.png}
// OUTPUTS: {ImageRegistration9DifferenceAfter.png}
// 1.0 300
// Software Guide : EndCommandLineArgs
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// This example illustrates the use of the \doxygen{AffineTransform}
// for performing registration in $2D$. The example code is, for the most part,
// identical to that in \ref{sec:InitializingRegistrationWithMoments}.
// The main difference is the use of the AffineTransform here instead of the
// \doxygen{CenteredRigid2DTransform}. We will focus on the most
// relevant changes in the current code and skip the basic elements already
// explained in previous examples.
//
// \index{itk::AffineTransform}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
#include "itkImageRegistrationMethod.h"
#include "itkMeanSquaresImageToImageMetric.h"
#include "itkLinearInterpolateImageFunction.h"
#include "itkRegularStepGradientDescentOptimizer.h"
#include "itkImage.h"
#include "itkCenteredTransformInitializer.h"
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Let's start by including the header file of the AffineTransform.
//
// \index{itk::AffineTransform!header}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
#include "itkAffineTransform.h"
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
#include "itkImageFileReader.h"
#include "itkImageFileWriter.h"
#include "itkResampleImageFilter.h"
#include "itkCastImageFilter.h"
#include "itkSubtractImageFilter.h"
#include "itkRescaleIntensityImageFilter.h"
//
// The following piece of code implements an observer
// that will monitor the evolution of the registration process.
//
#include "itkCommand.h"
class CommandIterationUpdate : public itk::Command
{
public:
typedef CommandIterationUpdate Self;
typedef itk::Command Superclass;
typedef itk::SmartPointer<Self> Pointer;
itkNewMacro( Self );
protected:
CommandIterationUpdate() {};
public:
typedef itk::RegularStepGradientDescentOptimizer OptimizerType;
typedef const OptimizerType * OptimizerPointer;
void Execute(itk::Object *caller, const itk::EventObject & event)
{
Execute( (const itk::Object *)caller, event);
}
void Execute(const itk::Object * object, const itk::EventObject & event)
{
OptimizerPointer optimizer =
dynamic_cast< OptimizerPointer >( object );
if( ! itk::IterationEvent().CheckEvent( &event ) )
{
return;
}
std::cout << optimizer->GetCurrentIteration() << " ";
std::cout << optimizer->GetValue() << " ";
std::cout << optimizer->GetCurrentPosition();
// Print the angle for the trace plot
vnl_matrix<double> p(2, 2);
p[0][0] = (double) optimizer->GetCurrentPosition()[0];
p[0][1] = (double) optimizer->GetCurrentPosition()[1];
p[1][0] = (double) optimizer->GetCurrentPosition()[2];
p[1][1] = (double) optimizer->GetCurrentPosition()[3];
vnl_svd<double> svd(p);
vnl_matrix<double> r(2, 2);
r = svd.U() * vnl_transpose(svd.V());
double angle = asin(r[1][0]);
std::cout << " AffineAngle: " << angle * 45.0 / atan(1.0) << std::endl;
}
};
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
if( argc < 4 )
{
std::cerr << "Missing Parameters " << std::endl;
std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0];
std::cerr << " fixedImageFile movingImageFile " << std::endl;
std::cerr << " outputImagefile [differenceBeforeRegistration] " << std::endl;
std::cerr << " [differenceAfterRegistration] " << std::endl;
std::cerr << " [stepLength] [maxNumberOfIterations] "<< std::endl;
return 1;
}
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We define then the types of the images to be registered.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
const unsigned int Dimension = 2;
typedef float PixelType;
typedef itk::Image< PixelType, Dimension > FixedImageType;
typedef itk::Image< PixelType, Dimension > MovingImageType;
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The transform type is instantiated using the code below. The template
// parameters of this class are the representation type of the space
// coordinates and the space dimension.
//
// \index{itk::AffineTransform!Instantiation}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
typedef itk::AffineTransform<
double,
Dimension > TransformType;
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
typedef itk::RegularStepGradientDescentOptimizer OptimizerType;
typedef itk::MeanSquaresImageToImageMetric<
FixedImageType,
MovingImageType > MetricType;
typedef itk:: LinearInterpolateImageFunction<
MovingImageType,
double > InterpolatorType;
typedef itk::ImageRegistrationMethod<
FixedImageType,
MovingImageType > RegistrationType;
MetricType::Pointer metric = MetricType::New();
OptimizerType::Pointer optimizer = OptimizerType::New();
InterpolatorType::Pointer interpolator = InterpolatorType::New();
RegistrationType::Pointer registration = RegistrationType::New();
registration->SetMetric( metric );
registration->SetOptimizer( optimizer );
registration->SetInterpolator( interpolator );
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The transform object is constructed below and passed to the registration
// method.
//
// \index{itk::AffineTransform!New()}
// \index{itk::AffineTransform!Pointer}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetTransform()}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
TransformType::Pointer transform = TransformType::New();
registration->SetTransform( transform );
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
typedef itk::ImageFileReader< FixedImageType > FixedImageReaderType;
typedef itk::ImageFileReader< MovingImageType > MovingImageReaderType;
FixedImageReaderType::Pointer fixedImageReader = FixedImageReaderType::New();
MovingImageReaderType::Pointer movingImageReader = MovingImageReaderType::New();
fixedImageReader->SetFileName( argv[1] );
movingImageReader->SetFileName( argv[2] );
registration->SetFixedImage( fixedImageReader->GetOutput() );
registration->SetMovingImage( movingImageReader->GetOutput() );
fixedImageReader->Update();
registration->SetFixedImageRegion(
fixedImageReader->GetOutput()->GetBufferedRegion() );
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// In this example, we again use the
// \doxygen{CenteredTransformInitializer} helper class in order to compute
// a reasonable value for the initial center of rotation and the
// translation. The initializer is set to use the center of mass of each
// image as the initial correspondence correction.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
typedef itk::CenteredTransformInitializer<
TransformType,
FixedImageType,
MovingImageType > TransformInitializerType;
TransformInitializerType::Pointer initializer = TransformInitializerType::New();
initializer->SetTransform( transform );
initializer->SetFixedImage( fixedImageReader->GetOutput() );
initializer->SetMovingImage( movingImageReader->GetOutput() );
initializer->MomentsOn();
initializer->InitializeTransform();
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Now we pass the parameters of the current transform as the initial
// parameters to be used when the registration process starts.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
registration->SetInitialTransformParameters(
transform->GetParameters() );
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Keeping in mind that the scale of units in scaling, rotation and
// translation are quite different, we take advantage of the scaling
// functionality provided by the optimizers. We know that the first $N
// \times N$ elements of the parameters array correspond to the rotation
// matrix factor, the next $N$ correspond to the rotation center, and the
// last $N$ are the components of the translation to be applied after
// multiplication with the matrix is performed.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
double translationScale = 1.0 / 1000.0;
if( argc > 8 )
{
translationScale = atof( argv[8] );
}
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
typedef OptimizerType::ScalesType OptimizerScalesType;
OptimizerScalesType optimizerScales( transform->GetNumberOfParameters() );
optimizerScales[0] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[1] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[2] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[3] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[4] = translationScale;
optimizerScales[5] = translationScale;
optimizer->SetScales( optimizerScales );
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We also set the usual parameters of the optimization method. In this
// case we are using an
// \doxygen{RegularStepGradientDescentOptimizer}. Below, we define the
// optimization parameters like initial step length, minimal step length
// and number of iterations. These last two act as stopping criteria for
// the optimization.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
double steplength = 0.1;
if( argc > 6 )
{
steplength = atof( argv[6] );
}
unsigned int maxNumberOfIterations = 300;
if( argc > 7 )
{
maxNumberOfIterations = atoi( argv[7] );
}
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
optimizer->SetMaximumStepLength( steplength );
optimizer->SetMinimumStepLength( 0.0001 );
optimizer->SetNumberOfIterations( maxNumberOfIterations );
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We also set the optimizer to do minimization by calling the
// \code{MinimizeOn()} method.
//
// \index{itk::Regular\-Step\-Gradient\-Descent\-Optimizer!MinimizeOn()}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
optimizer->MinimizeOn();
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Create the Command observer and register it with the optimizer.
//
CommandIterationUpdate::Pointer observer = CommandIterationUpdate::New();
optimizer->AddObserver( itk::IterationEvent(), observer );
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Finally we trigger the execution of the registration method by calling
// the \code{Update()} method. The call is placed in a \code{try/catch}
// block in case any exceptions are thrown.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
try
{
registration->StartRegistration();
}
catch( itk::ExceptionObject & err )
{
std::cerr << "ExceptionObject caught !" << std::endl;
std::cerr << err << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Once the optimization converges, we recover the parameters from the
// registration method. This is done with the
// \code{GetLastTransformParameters()} method. We can also recover the
// final value of the metric with the \code{GetValue()} method and the
// final number of iterations with the \code{GetCurrentIteration()}
// method.
//
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!GetValue()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!GetCurrentIteration()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!GetLastTransformParameters()}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
OptimizerType::ParametersType finalParameters =
registration->GetLastTransformParameters();
const double finalRotationCenterX = transform->GetCenter()[0];
const double finalRotationCenterY = transform->GetCenter()[1];
const double finalTranslationX = finalParameters[4];
const double finalTranslationY = finalParameters[5];
const unsigned int numberOfIterations = optimizer->GetCurrentIteration();
const double bestValue = optimizer->GetValue();
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Print out results
//
std::cout << "Result = " << std::endl;
std::cout << " Center X = " << finalRotationCenterX << std::endl;
std::cout << " Center Y = " << finalRotationCenterY << std::endl;
std::cout << " Translation X = " << finalTranslationX << std::endl;
std::cout << " Translation Y = " << finalTranslationY << std::endl;
std::cout << " Iterations = " << numberOfIterations << std::endl;
std::cout << " Metric value = " << bestValue << std::endl;
//Compute the rotation angle and scaling from SVD of the matrix
// \todo Find a way to figure out if the scales are along X or along Y.
// VNL returns the eigenvalues ordered from largest to smallest.
vnl_matrix<double> p(2, 2);
p[0][0] = (double) finalParameters[0];
p[0][1] = (double) finalParameters[1];
p[1][0] = (double) finalParameters[2];
p[1][1] = (double) finalParameters[3];
vnl_svd<double> svd(p);
vnl_matrix<double> r(2, 2);
r = svd.U() * vnl_transpose(svd.V());
double angle = asin(r[1][0]);
std::cout << " Scale 1 = " << svd.W(0) << std::endl;
std::cout << " Scale 2 = " << svd.W(1) << std::endl;
std::cout << " Angle (degrees) = " << angle * 45.0 / atan(1.0) << std::endl;
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Let's execute this example over two of the images provided in
// \code{Examples/Data}:
//
// \begin{itemize}
// \item \code{BrainProtonDensitySliceBorder20.png}
// \item \code{BrainProtonDensitySliceR10X13Y17.png}
// \end{itemize}
//
// The second image is the result of intentionally rotating the first
// image by $10$ degrees and then translating by $(-13,-17)$. Both images
// have unit-spacing and are shown in Figure
// \ref{fig:FixedMovingImageRegistration9}. We execute the code using the
// following parameters: step length=1.0, translation scale= 0.0001 and
// maximum number of iterations = 300. With these images and parameters
// the registration takes $98$ iterations and produces
//
// \begin{center}
// \begin{verbatim}
// 96 58.09 [0.986481, -0.169104, 0.166411, 0.986174, 12.461, 16.0754]
// \end{verbatim}
// \end{center}
//
// These results are interpreted as
//
// \begin{itemize}
// \item Iterations = 98
// \item Final Metric = 58.09
// \item Center = $( 111.204, 131.6 )$ millimeters
// \item Translation = $( 12.461, 16.0754 )$ millimeters
// \item Affine scales = $(1.00185, .999137)$
// \end{itemize}
//
// The second component of the matrix values is usually associated with
// $\sin{\theta}$. We obtain the rotation through SVD of the affine
// matrix. The value is $9.6526$ degrees, which is approximately the
// intentional misalignment of $10.0$ degrees.
//
// \begin{figure}
// \center
// \includegraphics[width=0.44\textwidth]{BrainProtonDensitySliceBorder20.eps}
// \includegraphics[width=0.44\textwidth]{BrainProtonDensitySliceR10X13Y17.eps}
// \itkcaption[AffineTransform registration]{Fixed and moving images
// provided as input to the registration method using the AffineTransform.}
// \label{fig:FixedMovingImageRegistration9}
// \end{figure}
//
//
// \begin{figure}
// \center
// \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{ImageRegistration9Output.eps}
// \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{ImageRegistration9DifferenceBefore.eps}
// \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{ImageRegistration9DifferenceAfter.eps}
// \itkcaption[AffineTransform ouput images]{The resampled moving image
// (left), and the difference between the fixed and moving images before (center)
// and after (right) registration with the
// AffineTransform transform.}
// \label{fig:ImageRegistration9Outputs}
// \end{figure}
//
// Figure \ref{fig:ImageRegistration9Outputs} shows the output of the
// registration. The right most image of this figure shows the squared
// magnitude difference between the fixed image and the resampled
// moving image.
//
// \begin{figure}
// \center
// \includegraphics[height=0.32\textwidth]{ImageRegistration9TraceMetric.eps}
// \includegraphics[height=0.32\textwidth]{ImageRegistration9TraceAngle.eps}
// \includegraphics[height=0.32\textwidth]{ImageRegistration9TraceTranslations.eps}
// \itkcaption[AffineTransform output plots]{Metric values,
// rotation angle and translations during the registration using the
// AffineTransform transform.}
// \label{fig:ImageRegistration9Plots}
// \end{figure}
//
// Figure \ref{fig:ImageRegistration9Plots} shows the plots of the main
// output parameters of the registration process. The metric values at every
// iteration are shown on the top plot. The angle values are shown on the bottom left plot,
// while the translation components of the registration are presented
// on the bottom right plot. Note that the final total offset of the transform
// is to be computed as a combination of the shift due rotation plus the
// explicit translation set on the transform.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// The following code is used to dump output images to files.
// They illustrate the final results of the registration.
// We will resample the moving image and write out the difference image
// before and after registration. We will also rescale the intensities of the
// difference images, so that they look better!
typedef itk::ResampleImageFilter<
MovingImageType,
FixedImageType > ResampleFilterType;
TransformType::Pointer finalTransform = TransformType::New();
finalTransform->SetCenter( transform->GetCenter() );
finalTransform->SetParameters( finalParameters );
ResampleFilterType::Pointer resampler = ResampleFilterType::New();
resampler->SetTransform( finalTransform );
resampler->SetInput( movingImageReader->GetOutput() );
FixedImageType::Pointer fixedImage = fixedImageReader->GetOutput();
resampler->SetSize( fixedImage->GetLargestPossibleRegion().GetSize() );
resampler->SetOutputOrigin( fixedImage->GetOrigin() );
resampler->SetOutputSpacing( fixedImage->GetSpacing() );
resampler->SetDefaultPixelValue( 100 );
typedef unsigned char OutputPixelType;
typedef itk::Image< OutputPixelType, Dimension > OutputImageType;
typedef itk::CastImageFilter<
FixedImageType,
OutputImageType > CastFilterType;
typedef itk::ImageFileWriter< OutputImageType > WriterType;
WriterType::Pointer writer = WriterType::New();
CastFilterType::Pointer caster = CastFilterType::New();
writer->SetFileName( argv[3] );
caster->SetInput( resampler->GetOutput() );
writer->SetInput( caster->GetOutput() );
writer->Update();
typedef itk::SubtractImageFilter<
FixedImageType,
FixedImageType,
FixedImageType > DifferenceFilterType;
DifferenceFilterType::Pointer difference = DifferenceFilterType::New();
difference->SetInput1( fixedImageReader->GetOutput() );
difference->SetInput2( resampler->GetOutput() );
WriterType::Pointer writer2 = WriterType::New();
typedef itk::RescaleIntensityImageFilter<
FixedImageType,
OutputImageType > RescalerType;
RescalerType::Pointer intensityRescaler = RescalerType::New();
intensityRescaler->SetInput( difference->GetOutput() );
intensityRescaler->SetOutputMinimum( 0 );
intensityRescaler->SetOutputMaximum( 255 );
writer2->SetInput( intensityRescaler->GetOutput() );
resampler->SetDefaultPixelValue( 1 );
// Compute the difference image between the
// fixed and resampled moving image.
if( argc > 5 )
{
writer2->SetFileName( argv[5] );
writer2->Update();
}
typedef itk::IdentityTransform< double, Dimension > IdentityTransformType;
IdentityTransformType::Pointer identity = IdentityTransformType::New();
// Compute the difference image between the
// fixed and moving image before registration.
if( argc > 4 )
{
resampler->SetTransform( identity );
writer2->SetFileName( argv[4] );
writer2->Update();
}
return 0;
}