validation.go

package approle

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/hmac"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/hashicorp/errwrap"
	"github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/helper/cidrutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/helper/locksutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/logical"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/logical/framework"
)

// secretIDStorageEntry represents the information stored in storage
// when a SecretID is created. The structure of the SecretID storage
// entry is the same for all the types of SecretIDs generated.
type secretIDStorageEntry struct {
	// Accessor for the SecretID. It is a random UUID serving as
	// a secondary index for the SecretID. This uniquely identifies
	// the SecretID it belongs to, and hence can be used for listing
	// and deleting SecretIDs. Accessors cannot be used as valid
	// SecretIDs during login.
	SecretIDAccessor string `json:"secret_id_accessor" structs:"secret_id_accessor" mapstructure:"secret_id_accessor"`

	// Number of times this SecretID can be used to perform the login
	// operation
	SecretIDNumUses int `json:"secret_id_num_uses" structs:"secret_id_num_uses" mapstructure:"secret_id_num_uses"`

	// Duration after which this SecretID should expire. This is capped by
	// the backend mount's max TTL value.
	SecretIDTTL time.Duration `json:"secret_id_ttl" structs:"secret_id_ttl" mapstructure:"secret_id_ttl"`

	// The time when the SecretID was created
	CreationTime time.Time `json:"creation_time" structs:"creation_time" mapstructure:"creation_time"`

	// The time when the SecretID becomes eligible for tidy operation.
	// Tidying is performed by the PeriodicFunc of the backend which is 1
	// minute apart.
	ExpirationTime time.Time `json:"expiration_time" structs:"expiration_time" mapstructure:"expiration_time"`

	// The time representing the last time this storage entry was modified
	LastUpdatedTime time.Time `json:"last_updated_time" structs:"last_updated_time" mapstructure:"last_updated_time"`

	// Metadata that belongs to the SecretID
	Metadata map[string]string `json:"metadata" structs:"metadata" mapstructure:"metadata"`

	// CIDRList is a set of CIDR blocks that impose source address
	// restrictions on the usage of SecretID
	CIDRList []string `json:"cidr_list" structs:"cidr_list" mapstructure:"cidr_list"`

	// This is a deprecated field
	SecretIDNumUsesDeprecated int `json:"SecretIDNumUses" structs:"SecretIDNumUses" mapstructure:"SecretIDNumUses"`
}

// Represents the payload of the storage entry of the accessor that maps to a
// unique SecretID. Note that SecretIDs should never be stored in plaintext
// anywhere in the backend. SecretIDHMAC will be used as an index to fetch the
// properties of the SecretID and to delete the SecretID.
type secretIDAccessorStorageEntry struct {
	// Hash of the SecretID which can be used to find the storage index at which
	// properties of SecretID is stored.
	SecretIDHMAC string `json:"secret_id_hmac" structs:"secret_id_hmac" mapstructure:"secret_id_hmac"`
}

// Checks if the Role represented by the RoleID still exists
func (b *backend) validateRoleID(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, roleID string) (*roleStorageEntry, string, error) {
	// Look for the storage entry that maps the roleID to role
	roleIDIndex, err := b.roleIDEntry(ctx, s, roleID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, "", err
	}
	if roleIDIndex == nil {
		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("invalid role_id %q", roleID)
	}

	lock := b.roleLock(roleIDIndex.Name)
	lock.RLock()
	defer lock.RUnlock()

	role, err := b.roleEntry(ctx, s, roleIDIndex.Name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, "", err
	}
	if role == nil {
		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("role %q referred by the role_id %q does not exist anymore", roleIDIndex.Name, roleID)
	}

	return role, roleIDIndex.Name, nil
}

// Validates the supplied RoleID and SecretID
func (b *backend) validateCredentials(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, data *framework.FieldData) (*roleStorageEntry, string, map[string]string, string, error, error) {
	metadata := make(map[string]string)
	// RoleID must be supplied during every login
	roleID := strings.TrimSpace(data.Get("role_id").(string))
	if roleID == "" {
		return nil, "", metadata, "", fmt.Errorf("missing role_id"), nil
	}

	// Validate the RoleID and get the Role entry
	role, roleName, err := b.validateRoleID(ctx, req.Storage, roleID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, "", metadata, "", nil, err
	}
	if role == nil || roleName == "" {
		return nil, "", metadata, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to validate role_id"), nil
	}

	var secretID string
	if role.BindSecretID {
		// If 'bind_secret_id' was set on role, look for the field 'secret_id'
		// to be specified and validate it.
		secretID = strings.TrimSpace(data.Get("secret_id").(string))
		if secretID == "" {
			return nil, "", metadata, "", fmt.Errorf("missing secret_id"), nil
		}

		if role.LowerCaseRoleName {
			roleName = strings.ToLower(roleName)
		}

		// Check if the SecretID supplied is valid. If use limit was specified
		// on the SecretID, it will be decremented in this call.
		var valid bool
		valid, metadata, err = b.validateBindSecretID(ctx, req, roleName, secretID, role.HMACKey, role.BoundCIDRList)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, "", metadata, "", nil, err
		}
		if !valid {
			return nil, "", metadata, "", fmt.Errorf("invalid secret_id %q", secretID), nil
		}
	}

	if len(role.BoundCIDRList) != 0 {
		// If 'bound_cidr_list' was set, verify the CIDR restrictions
		if req.Connection == nil || req.Connection.RemoteAddr == "" {
			return nil, "", metadata, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get connection information"), nil
		}

		belongs, err := cidrutil.IPBelongsToCIDRBlocksSlice(req.Connection.RemoteAddr, role.BoundCIDRList)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, "", metadata, "", nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to verify the CIDR restrictions set on the role: {{err}}", err)
		}
		if !belongs {
			return nil, "", metadata, "", fmt.Errorf("source address %q unauthorized through CIDR restrictions on the role", req.Connection.RemoteAddr), nil
		}
	}

	return role, roleName, metadata, secretID, nil, nil
}

// validateBindSecretID is used to determine if the given SecretID is a valid one.
func (b *backend) validateBindSecretID(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, roleName, secretID,
	hmacKey string, roleBoundCIDRList []string) (bool, map[string]string, error) {
	secretIDHMAC, err := createHMAC(hmacKey, secretID)
	if err != nil {
		return false, nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to create HMAC of secret_id: {{err}}", err)
	}

	roleNameHMAC, err := createHMAC(hmacKey, roleName)
	if err != nil {
		return false, nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to create HMAC of role_name: {{err}}", err)
	}

	entryIndex := fmt.Sprintf("secret_id/%s/%s", roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)

	// SecretID locks are always index based on secretIDHMACs. This helps
	// acquiring the locks when the SecretIDs are listed. This allows grabbing
	// the correct locks even if the SecretIDs are not known in plaintext.
	lock := b.secretIDLock(secretIDHMAC)
	lock.RLock()

	result, err := b.nonLockedSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx, req.Storage, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)
	if err != nil {
		lock.RUnlock()
		return false, nil, err
	} else if result == nil {
		lock.RUnlock()
		return false, nil, nil
	}

	// SecretIDNumUses will be zero only if the usage limit was not set at all,
	// in which case, the SecretID will remain to be valid as long as it is not
	// expired.
	if result.SecretIDNumUses == 0 {
		// Ensure that the CIDRs on the secret ID are still a subset of that of
		// role's
		if err := verifyCIDRRoleSecretIDSubset(result.CIDRList,
			roleBoundCIDRList); err != nil {
			return false, nil, err
		}

		// If CIDR restrictions are present on the secret ID, check if the
		// source IP complies to it
		if len(result.CIDRList) != 0 {
			if req.Connection == nil || req.Connection.RemoteAddr == "" {
				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get connection information")
			}

			if belongs, err := cidrutil.IPBelongsToCIDRBlocksSlice(req.Connection.RemoteAddr, result.CIDRList); !belongs || err != nil {
				return false, nil, errwrap.Wrapf(fmt.Sprintf("source address %q unauthorized through CIDR restrictions on the secret ID: {{err}}", req.Connection.RemoteAddr), err)
			}
		}

		lock.RUnlock()
		return true, result.Metadata, nil
	}

	// If the SecretIDNumUses is non-zero, it means that its use-count should be updated
	// in the storage. Switch the lock from a `read` to a `write` and update
	// the storage entry.
	lock.RUnlock()

	lock.Lock()
	defer lock.Unlock()

	// Lock switching may change the data. Refresh the contents.
	result, err = b.nonLockedSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx, req.Storage, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)
	if err != nil {
		return false, nil, err
	}
	if result == nil {
		return false, nil, nil
	}

	// If there exists a single use left, delete the SecretID entry from
	// the storage but do not fail the validation request. Subsequent
	// requests to use the same SecretID will fail.
	if result.SecretIDNumUses == 1 {
		// Delete the secret IDs accessor first
		if err := b.deleteSecretIDAccessorEntry(ctx, req.Storage, result.SecretIDAccessor); err != nil {
			return false, nil, err
		}
		if err := req.Storage.Delete(ctx, entryIndex); err != nil {
			return false, nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to delete secret ID: {{err}}", err)
		}
	} else {
		// If the use count is greater than one, decrement it and update the last updated time.
		result.SecretIDNumUses -= 1
		result.LastUpdatedTime = time.Now()
		if entry, err := logical.StorageEntryJSON(entryIndex, &result); err != nil {
			return false, nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to create storage entry while decrementing the secret ID use count: {{err}}", err)
		} else if err = req.Storage.Put(ctx, entry); err != nil {
			return false, nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to decrement the secret ID use count: {{err}}", err)
		}
	}

	// Ensure that the CIDRs on the secret ID are still a subset of that of
	// role's
	if err := verifyCIDRRoleSecretIDSubset(result.CIDRList,
		roleBoundCIDRList); err != nil {
		return false, nil, err
	}

	// If CIDR restrictions are present on the secret ID, check if the
	// source IP complies to it
	if len(result.CIDRList) != 0 {
		if req.Connection == nil || req.Connection.RemoteAddr == "" {
			return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get connection information")
		}

		if belongs, err := cidrutil.IPBelongsToCIDRBlocksSlice(req.Connection.RemoteAddr, result.CIDRList); !belongs || err != nil {
			return false, nil, errwrap.Wrapf(fmt.Sprintf("source address %q unauthorized through CIDR restrictions on the secret ID: {{err}}", req.Connection.RemoteAddr), err)
		}
	}

	return true, result.Metadata, nil
}

// verifyCIDRRoleSecretIDSubset checks if the CIDR blocks set on the secret ID
// are a subset of CIDR blocks set on the role
func verifyCIDRRoleSecretIDSubset(secretIDCIDRs []string, roleBoundCIDRList []string) error {
	if len(secretIDCIDRs) != 0 {
		// If there are no CIDR blocks on the role, then the subset
		// requirement would be satisfied
		if len(roleBoundCIDRList) != 0 {
			subset, err := cidrutil.SubsetBlocks(roleBoundCIDRList, secretIDCIDRs)
			if !subset || err != nil {
				return errwrap.Wrapf(fmt.Sprintf("failed to verify subset relationship between CIDR blocks on the role %q and CIDR blocks on the secret ID %q: {{err}}", roleBoundCIDRList, secretIDCIDRs), err)
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// Creates a SHA256 HMAC of the given 'value' using the given 'key' and returns
// a hex encoded string.
func createHMAC(key, value string) (string, error) {
	if key == "" {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid HMAC key")
	}
	hm := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(key))
	hm.Write([]byte(value))
	return hex.EncodeToString(hm.Sum(nil)), nil
}

func (b *backend) secretIDLock(secretIDHMAC string) *locksutil.LockEntry {
	return locksutil.LockForKey(b.secretIDLocks, secretIDHMAC)
}

func (b *backend) secretIDAccessorLock(secretIDAccessor string) *locksutil.LockEntry {
	return locksutil.LockForKey(b.secretIDAccessorLocks, secretIDAccessor)
}

// nonLockedSecretIDStorageEntry fetches the secret ID properties from physical
// storage. The entry will be indexed based on the given HMACs of both role
// name and the secret ID. This method will not acquire secret ID lock to fetch
// the storage entry. Locks need to be acquired before calling this method.
func (b *backend) nonLockedSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC string) (*secretIDStorageEntry, error) {
	if secretIDHMAC == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing secret ID HMAC")
	}

	if roleNameHMAC == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing role name HMAC")
	}

	// Prepare the storage index at which the secret ID will be stored
	entryIndex := fmt.Sprintf("secret_id/%s/%s", roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)

	entry, err := s.Get(ctx, entryIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if entry == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	result := secretIDStorageEntry{}
	if err := entry.DecodeJSON(&result); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// TODO: Remove this upgrade bit in future releases
	persistNeeded := false
	if result.SecretIDNumUsesDeprecated != 0 {
		if result.SecretIDNumUses == 0 ||
			result.SecretIDNumUsesDeprecated < result.SecretIDNumUses {
			result.SecretIDNumUses = result.SecretIDNumUsesDeprecated
			persistNeeded = true
		}
		if result.SecretIDNumUses < result.SecretIDNumUsesDeprecated {
			result.SecretIDNumUsesDeprecated = result.SecretIDNumUses
			persistNeeded = true
		}
	}

	if persistNeeded {
		if err := b.nonLockedSetSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx, s, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC, &result); err != nil {
			return nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to upgrade role storage entry {{err}}", err)
		}
	}

	return &result, nil
}

// nonLockedSetSecretIDStorageEntry creates or updates a secret ID entry at the
// physical storage. The entry will be indexed based on the given HMACs of both
// role name and the secret ID. This method will not acquire secret ID lock to
// create/update the storage entry. Locks need to be acquired before calling
// this method.
func (b *backend) nonLockedSetSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC string, secretEntry *secretIDStorageEntry) error {
	if secretIDHMAC == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("missing secret ID HMAC")
	}

	if roleNameHMAC == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("missing role name HMAC")
	}

	if secretEntry == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("nil secret entry")
	}

	entryIndex := fmt.Sprintf("secret_id/%s/%s", roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)

	if entry, err := logical.StorageEntryJSON(entryIndex, secretEntry); err != nil {
		return err
	} else if err = s.Put(ctx, entry); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// registerSecretIDEntry creates a new storage entry for the given SecretID.
func (b *backend) registerSecretIDEntry(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, roleName, secretID, hmacKey string, secretEntry *secretIDStorageEntry) (*secretIDStorageEntry, error) {
	secretIDHMAC, err := createHMAC(hmacKey, secretID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to create HMAC of secret ID: {{err}}", err)
	}
	roleNameHMAC, err := createHMAC(hmacKey, roleName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errwrap.Wrapf("failed to create HMAC of role_name: {{err}}", err)
	}

	lock := b.secretIDLock(secretIDHMAC)
	lock.RLock()

	entry, err := b.nonLockedSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx, s, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)
	if err != nil {
		lock.RUnlock()
		return nil, err
	}
	if entry != nil {
		lock.RUnlock()
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SecretID is already registered")
	}

	// If there isn't an entry for the secretID already, switch the read lock
	// with a write lock and create an entry.
	lock.RUnlock()
	lock.Lock()
	defer lock.Unlock()

	// But before saving a new entry, check if the secretID entry was created during the lock switch.
	entry, err = b.nonLockedSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx, s, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if entry != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SecretID is already registered")
	}

	//
	// Create a new entry for the SecretID
	//

	// Set the creation time for the SecretID
	currentTime := time.Now()
	secretEntry.CreationTime = currentTime
	secretEntry.LastUpdatedTime = currentTime

	// If SecretIDTTL is not specified or if it crosses the backend mount's limit,
	// cap the expiration to backend's max. Otherwise, use it to determine the
	// expiration time.
	if secretEntry.SecretIDTTL < time.Duration(0) || secretEntry.SecretIDTTL > b.System().MaxLeaseTTL() {
		secretEntry.ExpirationTime = currentTime.Add(b.System().MaxLeaseTTL())
	} else if secretEntry.SecretIDTTL != time.Duration(0) {
		// Set the ExpirationTime only if SecretIDTTL was set. SecretIDs should not
		// expire by default.
		secretEntry.ExpirationTime = currentTime.Add(secretEntry.SecretIDTTL)
	}

	// Before storing the SecretID, store its accessor.
	if err := b.createSecretIDAccessorEntry(ctx, s, secretEntry, secretIDHMAC); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := b.nonLockedSetSecretIDStorageEntry(ctx, s, roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC, secretEntry); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return secretEntry, nil
}

// secretIDAccessorEntry is used to read the storage entry that maps an
// accessor to a secret_id.
func (b *backend) secretIDAccessorEntry(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, secretIDAccessor string) (*secretIDAccessorStorageEntry, error) {
	if secretIDAccessor == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing secretIDAccessor")
	}

	var result secretIDAccessorStorageEntry

	// Create index entry, mapping the accessor to the token ID
	salt, err := b.Salt(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	entryIndex := "accessor/" + salt.SaltID(secretIDAccessor)

	accessorLock := b.secretIDAccessorLock(secretIDAccessor)
	accessorLock.RLock()
	defer accessorLock.RUnlock()

	if entry, err := s.Get(ctx, entryIndex); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	} else if entry == nil {
		return nil, nil
	} else if err := entry.DecodeJSON(&result); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &result, nil
}

// createSecretIDAccessorEntry creates an identifier for the SecretID. A storage index,
// mapping the accessor to the SecretID is also created. This method should
// be called when the lock for the corresponding SecretID is held.
func (b *backend) createSecretIDAccessorEntry(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, entry *secretIDStorageEntry, secretIDHMAC string) error {
	// Create a random accessor
	accessorUUID, err := uuid.GenerateUUID()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	entry.SecretIDAccessor = accessorUUID

	// Create index entry, mapping the accessor to the token ID
	salt, err := b.Salt(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	entryIndex := "accessor/" + salt.SaltID(entry.SecretIDAccessor)

	accessorLock := b.secretIDAccessorLock(accessorUUID)
	accessorLock.Lock()
	defer accessorLock.Unlock()

	if entry, err := logical.StorageEntryJSON(entryIndex, &secretIDAccessorStorageEntry{
		SecretIDHMAC: secretIDHMAC,
	}); err != nil {
		return err
	} else if err = s.Put(ctx, entry); err != nil {
		return errwrap.Wrapf("failed to persist accessor index entry: {{err}}", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// deleteSecretIDAccessorEntry deletes the storage index mapping the accessor to a SecretID.
func (b *backend) deleteSecretIDAccessorEntry(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, secretIDAccessor string) error {
	salt, err := b.Salt(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	accessorEntryIndex := "accessor/" + salt.SaltID(secretIDAccessor)

	accessorLock := b.secretIDAccessorLock(secretIDAccessor)
	accessorLock.Lock()
	defer accessorLock.Unlock()

	// Delete the accessor of the SecretID first
	if err := s.Delete(ctx, accessorEntryIndex); err != nil {
		return errwrap.Wrapf("failed to delete accessor storage entry: {{err}}", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// flushRoleSecrets deletes all the SecretIDs that belong to the given
// RoleID.
func (b *backend) flushRoleSecrets(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, roleName, hmacKey string) error {
	roleNameHMAC, err := createHMAC(hmacKey, roleName)
	if err != nil {
		return errwrap.Wrapf("failed to create HMAC of role_name: {{err}}", err)
	}

	// Acquire the custom lock to perform listing of SecretIDs
	b.secretIDListingLock.RLock()
	defer b.secretIDListingLock.RUnlock()

	secretIDHMACs, err := s.List(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("secret_id/%s/", roleNameHMAC))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, secretIDHMAC := range secretIDHMACs {
		// Acquire the lock belonging to the SecretID
		lock := b.secretIDLock(secretIDHMAC)
		lock.Lock()
		entryIndex := fmt.Sprintf("secret_id/%s/%s", roleNameHMAC, secretIDHMAC)
		if err := s.Delete(ctx, entryIndex); err != nil {
			lock.Unlock()
			return errwrap.Wrapf(fmt.Sprintf("error deleting SecretID %q from storage: {{err}}", secretIDHMAC), err)
		}
		lock.Unlock()
	}
	return nil
}