kprobes.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 *  Kernel Probes (KProbes)
 *
 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
 *
 * 2002-Oct	Created by Vamsi Krishna S <vamsi_krishna@in.ibm.com> Kernel
 *		Probes initial implementation ( includes contributions from
 *		Rusty Russell).
 * 2004-July	Suparna Bhattacharya <suparna@in.ibm.com> added jumper probes
 *		interface to access function arguments.
 * 2004-Nov	Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> kprobes port
 *		for PPC64
 */

#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/preempt.h>
#include <linux/extable.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/moduleloader.h>
#include <asm/code-patching.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/sstep.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/inst.h>
#include <asm/set_memory.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);

struct kretprobe_blackpoint kretprobe_blacklist[] = {{NULL, NULL}};

bool arch_within_kprobe_blacklist(unsigned long addr)
{
	return  (addr >= (unsigned long)__kprobes_text_start &&
		 addr < (unsigned long)__kprobes_text_end) ||
		(addr >= (unsigned long)_stext &&
		 addr < (unsigned long)__head_end);
}

kprobe_opcode_t *kprobe_lookup_name(const char *name, unsigned int offset)
{
	kprobe_opcode_t *addr = NULL;

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V2
	/* PPC64 ABIv2 needs local entry point */
	addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
	if (addr && !offset) {
#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
		unsigned long faddr;
		/*
		 * Per livepatch.h, ftrace location is always within the first
		 * 16 bytes of a function on powerpc with -mprofile-kernel.
		 */
		faddr = ftrace_location_range((unsigned long)addr,
					      (unsigned long)addr + 16);
		if (faddr)
			addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)faddr;
		else
#endif
			addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)ppc_function_entry(addr);
	}
#elif defined(CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V1)
	/*
	 * 64bit powerpc ABIv1 uses function descriptors:
	 * - Check for the dot variant of the symbol first.
	 * - If that fails, try looking up the symbol provided.
	 *
	 * This ensures we always get to the actual symbol and not
	 * the descriptor.
	 *
	 * Also handle <module:symbol> format.
	 */
	char dot_name[MODULE_NAME_LEN + 1 + KSYM_NAME_LEN];
	bool dot_appended = false;
	const char *c;
	ssize_t ret = 0;
	int len = 0;

	if ((c = strnchr(name, MODULE_NAME_LEN, ':')) != NULL) {
		c++;
		len = c - name;
		memcpy(dot_name, name, len);
	} else
		c = name;

	if (*c != '\0' && *c != '.') {
		dot_name[len++] = '.';
		dot_appended = true;
	}
	ret = strscpy(dot_name + len, c, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
	if (ret > 0)
		addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(dot_name);

	/* Fallback to the original non-dot symbol lookup */
	if (!addr && dot_appended)
		addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
#else
	addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
#endif

	return addr;
}

static bool arch_kprobe_on_func_entry(unsigned long offset)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V2
#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
	return offset <= 16;
#else
	return offset <= 8;
#endif
#else
	return !offset;
#endif
}

/* XXX try and fold the magic of kprobe_lookup_name() in this */
kprobe_opcode_t *arch_adjust_kprobe_addr(unsigned long addr, unsigned long offset,
					 bool *on_func_entry)
{
	*on_func_entry = arch_kprobe_on_func_entry(offset);
	return (kprobe_opcode_t *)(addr + offset);
}

void *alloc_insn_page(void)
{
	void *page;

	page = module_alloc(PAGE_SIZE);
	if (!page)
		return NULL;

	if (strict_module_rwx_enabled()) {
		set_memory_ro((unsigned long)page, 1);
		set_memory_x((unsigned long)page, 1);
	}
	return page;
}

int arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	int ret = 0;
	struct kprobe *prev;
	ppc_inst_t insn = ppc_inst_read(p->addr);

	if ((unsigned long)p->addr & 0x03) {
		printk("Attempt to register kprobe at an unaligned address\n");
		ret = -EINVAL;
	} else if (!can_single_step(ppc_inst_val(insn))) {
		printk("Cannot register a kprobe on instructions that can't be single stepped\n");
		ret = -EINVAL;
	} else if ((unsigned long)p->addr & ~PAGE_MASK &&
		   ppc_inst_prefixed(ppc_inst_read(p->addr - 1))) {
		printk("Cannot register a kprobe on the second word of prefixed instruction\n");
		ret = -EINVAL;
	}
	prev = get_kprobe(p->addr - 1);

	/*
	 * When prev is a ftrace-based kprobe, we don't have an insn, and it
	 * doesn't probe for prefixed instruction.
	 */
	if (prev && !kprobe_ftrace(prev) &&
	    ppc_inst_prefixed(ppc_inst_read(prev->ainsn.insn))) {
		printk("Cannot register a kprobe on the second word of prefixed instruction\n");
		ret = -EINVAL;
	}

	/* insn must be on a special executable page on ppc64.  This is
	 * not explicitly required on ppc32 (right now), but it doesn't hurt */
	if (!ret) {
		p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot();
		if (!p->ainsn.insn)
			ret = -ENOMEM;
	}

	if (!ret) {
		patch_instruction(p->ainsn.insn, insn);
		p->opcode = ppc_inst_val(insn);
	}

	p->ainsn.boostable = 0;
	return ret;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_prepare_kprobe);

void arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	WARN_ON_ONCE(patch_instruction(p->addr, ppc_inst(BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION)));
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_arm_kprobe);

void arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	WARN_ON_ONCE(patch_instruction(p->addr, ppc_inst(p->opcode)));
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_disarm_kprobe);

void arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	if (p->ainsn.insn) {
		free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, 0);
		p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
	}
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_remove_kprobe);

static nokprobe_inline void prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	enable_single_step(regs);

	/*
	 * On powerpc we should single step on the original
	 * instruction even if the probed insn is a trap
	 * variant as values in regs could play a part in
	 * if the trap is taken or not
	 */
	regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn);
}

static nokprobe_inline void save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
	kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
	kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr = kcb->kprobe_saved_msr;
}

static nokprobe_inline void restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, kcb->prev_kprobe.kp);
	kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
	kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr;
}

static nokprobe_inline void set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
				struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p);
	kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = regs->msr;
}

void arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)regs->link;
	ri->fp = NULL;

	/* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
	regs->link = (unsigned long)__kretprobe_trampoline;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_prepare_kretprobe);

static int try_to_emulate(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	int ret;
	ppc_inst_t insn = ppc_inst_read(p->ainsn.insn);

	/* regs->nip is also adjusted if emulate_step returns 1 */
	ret = emulate_step(regs, insn);
	if (ret > 0) {
		/*
		 * Once this instruction has been boosted
		 * successfully, set the boostable flag
		 */
		if (unlikely(p->ainsn.boostable == 0))
			p->ainsn.boostable = 1;
	} else if (ret < 0) {
		/*
		 * We don't allow kprobes on mtmsr(d)/rfi(d), etc.
		 * So, we should never get here... but, its still
		 * good to catch them, just in case...
		 */
		printk("Can't step on instruction %08lx\n", ppc_inst_as_ulong(insn));
		BUG();
	} else {
		/*
		 * If we haven't previously emulated this instruction, then it
		 * can't be boosted. Note it down so we don't try to do so again.
		 *
		 * If, however, we had emulated this instruction in the past,
		 * then this is just an error with the current run (for
		 * instance, exceptions due to a load/store). We return 0 so
		 * that this is now single-stepped, but continue to try
		 * emulating it in subsequent probe hits.
		 */
		if (unlikely(p->ainsn.boostable != 1))
			p->ainsn.boostable = -1;
	}

	return ret;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(try_to_emulate);

int kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct kprobe *p;
	int ret = 0;
	unsigned int *addr = (unsigned int *)regs->nip;
	struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;

	if (user_mode(regs))
		return 0;

	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BOOKE) &&
	    (!(regs->msr & MSR_IR) || !(regs->msr & MSR_DR)))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * We don't want to be preempted for the entire
	 * duration of kprobe processing
	 */
	preempt_disable();
	kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();

	p = get_kprobe(addr);
	if (!p) {
		unsigned int instr;

		if (get_kernel_nofault(instr, addr))
			goto no_kprobe;

		if (instr != BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) {
			/*
			 * PowerPC has multiple variants of the "trap"
			 * instruction. If the current instruction is a
			 * trap variant, it could belong to someone else
			 */
			if (is_trap(instr))
				goto no_kprobe;
			/*
			 * The breakpoint instruction was removed right
			 * after we hit it.  Another cpu has removed
			 * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint
			 * at this address.  In either case, no further
			 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate.
			 */
			ret = 1;
		}
		/* Not one of ours: let kernel handle it */
		goto no_kprobe;
	}

	/* Check we're not actually recursing */
	if (kprobe_running()) {
		kprobe_opcode_t insn = *p->ainsn.insn;
		if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS && is_trap(insn)) {
			/* Turn off 'trace' bits */
			regs_set_return_msr(regs,
				(regs->msr & ~MSR_SINGLESTEP) |
				kcb->kprobe_saved_msr);
			goto no_kprobe;
		}

		/*
		 * We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since another probe
		 * was hit while within the handler. We here save the original
		 * kprobes variables and just single step on the instruction of
		 * the new probe without calling any user handlers.
		 */
		save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
		set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
		kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
		kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
		if (p->ainsn.boostable >= 0) {
			ret = try_to_emulate(p, regs);

			if (ret > 0) {
				restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
				preempt_enable_no_resched();
				return 1;
			}
		}
		prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
		return 1;
	}

	kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
	set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
	if (p->pre_handler && p->pre_handler(p, regs)) {
		/* handler changed execution path, so skip ss setup */
		reset_current_kprobe();
		preempt_enable_no_resched();
		return 1;
	}

	if (p->ainsn.boostable >= 0) {
		ret = try_to_emulate(p, regs);

		if (ret > 0) {
			if (p->post_handler)
				p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);

			kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
			reset_current_kprobe();
			preempt_enable_no_resched();
			return 1;
		}
	}
	prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
	kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
	return 1;

no_kprobe:
	preempt_enable_no_resched();
	return ret;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_handler);

/*
 * Function return probe trampoline:
 * 	- init_kprobes() establishes a probepoint here
 * 	- When the probed function returns, this probe
 * 		causes the handlers to fire
 */
asm(".global __kretprobe_trampoline\n"
	".type __kretprobe_trampoline, @function\n"
	"__kretprobe_trampoline:\n"
	"nop\n"
	"blr\n"
	".size __kretprobe_trampoline, .-__kretprobe_trampoline\n");

/*
 * Called when the probe at kretprobe trampoline is hit
 */
static int trampoline_probe_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	unsigned long orig_ret_address;

	orig_ret_address = __kretprobe_trampoline_handler(regs, NULL);
	/*
	 * We get here through one of two paths:
	 * 1. by taking a trap -> kprobe_handler() -> here
	 * 2. by optprobe branch -> optimized_callback() -> opt_pre_handler() -> here
	 *
	 * When going back through (1), we need regs->nip to be setup properly
	 * as it is used to determine the return address from the trap.
	 * For (2), since nip is not honoured with optprobes, we instead setup
	 * the link register properly so that the subsequent 'blr' in
	 * __kretprobe_trampoline jumps back to the right instruction.
	 *
	 * For nip, we should set the address to the previous instruction since
	 * we end up emulating it in kprobe_handler(), which increments the nip
	 * again.
	 */
	regs_set_return_ip(regs, orig_ret_address - 4);
	regs->link = orig_ret_address;

	return 0;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(trampoline_probe_handler);

/*
 * Called after single-stepping.  p->addr is the address of the
 * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "breakpoint"
 * instruction.  To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
 * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
 * single-stepped a copy of the instruction.  The address of this
 * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
 */
int kprobe_post_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	int len;
	struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
	struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();

	if (!cur || user_mode(regs))
		return 0;

	len = ppc_inst_len(ppc_inst_read(cur->ainsn.insn));
	/* make sure we got here for instruction we have a kprobe on */
	if (((unsigned long)cur->ainsn.insn + len) != regs->nip)
		return 0;

	if ((kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER) && cur->post_handler) {
		kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
		cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0);
	}

	/* Adjust nip to after the single-stepped instruction */
	regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)cur->addr + len);
	regs_set_return_msr(regs, regs->msr | kcb->kprobe_saved_msr);

	/*Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */
	if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
		restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
		goto out;
	}
	reset_current_kprobe();
out:
	preempt_enable_no_resched();

	/*
	 * if somebody else is singlestepping across a probe point, msr
	 * will have DE/SE set, in which case, continue the remaining processing
	 * of do_debug, as if this is not a probe hit.
	 */
	if (regs->msr & MSR_SINGLESTEP)
		return 0;

	return 1;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_post_handler);

int kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr)
{
	struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
	struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
	const struct exception_table_entry *entry;

	switch(kcb->kprobe_status) {
	case KPROBE_HIT_SS:
	case KPROBE_REENTER:
		/*
		 * We are here because the instruction being single
		 * stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current
		 * kprobe and the nip points back to the probe address
		 * and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
		 * normal page fault.
		 */
		regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)cur->addr);
		/* Turn off 'trace' bits */
		regs_set_return_msr(regs,
			(regs->msr & ~MSR_SINGLESTEP) |
			kcb->kprobe_saved_msr);
		if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER)
			restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
		else
			reset_current_kprobe();
		preempt_enable_no_resched();
		break;
	case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
	case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
		/*
		 * In case the user-specified fault handler returned
		 * zero, try to fix up.
		 */
		if ((entry = search_exception_tables(regs->nip)) != NULL) {
			regs_set_return_ip(regs, extable_fixup(entry));
			return 1;
		}

		/*
		 * fixup_exception() could not handle it,
		 * Let do_page_fault() fix it.
		 */
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return 0;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_fault_handler);

static struct kprobe trampoline_p = {
	.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) &__kretprobe_trampoline,
	.pre_handler = trampoline_probe_handler
};

int __init arch_init_kprobes(void)
{
	return register_kprobe(&trampoline_p);
}

int arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	if (p->addr == (kprobe_opcode_t *)&__kretprobe_trampoline)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_trampoline_kprobe);