head_64.S

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
 *  linux/boot/head.S
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993  Linus Torvalds
 */

/*
 *  head.S contains the 32-bit startup code.
 *
 * NOTE!!! Startup happens at absolute address 0x00001000, which is also where
 * the page directory will exist. The startup code will be overwritten by
 * the page directory. [According to comments etc elsewhere on a compressed
 * kernel it will end up at 0x1000 + 1Mb I hope so as I assume this. - AC]
 *
 * Page 0 is deliberately kept safe, since System Management Mode code in 
 * laptops may need to access the BIOS data stored there.  This is also
 * useful for future device drivers that either access the BIOS via VM86 
 * mode.
 */

/*
 * High loaded stuff by Hans Lermen & Werner Almesberger, Feb. 1996
 */
	.code32
	.text

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/segment.h>
#include <asm/boot.h>
#include <asm/msr.h>
#include <asm/processor-flags.h>
#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
#include <asm/bootparam.h>
#include <asm/desc_defs.h>
#include <asm/trapnr.h>
#include "pgtable.h"

/*
 * Fix alignment at 16 bytes. Following CONFIG_FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT will result
 * in assembly errors due to trying to move .org backward due to the excessive
 * alignment.
 */
#undef __ALIGN
#define __ALIGN		.balign	16, 0x90

/*
 * Locally defined symbols should be marked hidden:
 */
	.hidden _bss
	.hidden _ebss
	.hidden _end

	__HEAD

/*
 * This macro gives the relative virtual address of X, i.e. the offset of X
 * from startup_32. This is the same as the link-time virtual address of X,
 * since startup_32 is at 0, but defining it this way tells the
 * assembler/linker that we do not want the actual run-time address of X. This
 * prevents the linker from trying to create unwanted run-time relocation
 * entries for the reference when the compressed kernel is linked as PIE.
 *
 * A reference X(%reg) will result in the link-time VA of X being stored with
 * the instruction, and a run-time R_X86_64_RELATIVE relocation entry that
 * adds the 64-bit base address where the kernel is loaded.
 *
 * Replacing it with (X-startup_32)(%reg) results in the offset being stored,
 * and no run-time relocation.
 *
 * The macro should be used as a displacement with a base register containing
 * the run-time address of startup_32 [i.e. rva(X)(%reg)], or as an immediate
 * [$ rva(X)].
 *
 * This macro can only be used from within the .head.text section, since the
 * expression requires startup_32 to be in the same section as the code being
 * assembled.
 */
#define rva(X) ((X) - startup_32)

	.code32
SYM_FUNC_START(startup_32)
	/*
	 * 32bit entry is 0 and it is ABI so immutable!
	 * If we come here directly from a bootloader,
	 * kernel(text+data+bss+brk) ramdisk, zero_page, command line
	 * all need to be under the 4G limit.
	 */
	cld
	cli

/*
 * Calculate the delta between where we were compiled to run
 * at and where we were actually loaded at.  This can only be done
 * with a short local call on x86.  Nothing  else will tell us what
 * address we are running at.  The reserved chunk of the real-mode
 * data at 0x1e4 (defined as a scratch field) are used as the stack
 * for this calculation. Only 4 bytes are needed.
 */
	leal	(BP_scratch+4)(%esi), %esp
	call	1f
1:	popl	%ebp
	subl	$ rva(1b), %ebp

	/* Load new GDT with the 64bit segments using 32bit descriptor */
	leal	rva(gdt)(%ebp), %eax
	movl	%eax, 2(%eax)
	lgdt	(%eax)

	/* Load segment registers with our descriptors */
	movl	$__BOOT_DS, %eax
	movl	%eax, %ds
	movl	%eax, %es
	movl	%eax, %fs
	movl	%eax, %gs
	movl	%eax, %ss

	/* Setup a stack and load CS from current GDT */
	leal	rva(boot_stack_end)(%ebp), %esp

	pushl	$__KERNEL32_CS
	leal	rva(1f)(%ebp), %eax
	pushl	%eax
	lretl
1:

	/* Setup Exception handling for SEV-ES */
#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
	call	startup32_load_idt
#endif

	/* Make sure cpu supports long mode. */
	call	verify_cpu
	testl	%eax, %eax
	jnz	.Lno_longmode

/*
 * Compute the delta between where we were compiled to run at
 * and where the code will actually run at.
 *
 * %ebp contains the address we are loaded at by the boot loader and %ebx
 * contains the address where we should move the kernel image temporarily
 * for safe in-place decompression.
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
	movl	%ebp, %ebx
	movl	BP_kernel_alignment(%esi), %eax
	decl	%eax
	addl	%eax, %ebx
	notl	%eax
	andl	%eax, %ebx
	cmpl	$LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx
	jae	1f
#endif
	movl	$LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %ebx
1:

	/* Target address to relocate to for decompression */
	addl	BP_init_size(%esi), %ebx
	subl	$ rva(_end), %ebx

/*
 * Prepare for entering 64 bit mode
 */

	/* Enable PAE mode */
	movl	%cr4, %eax
	orl	$X86_CR4_PAE, %eax
	movl	%eax, %cr4

 /*
  * Build early 4G boot pagetable
  */
	/*
	 * If SEV is active then set the encryption mask in the page tables.
	 * This will ensure that when the kernel is copied and decompressed
	 * it will be done so encrypted.
	 */
	xorl	%edx, %edx
#ifdef	CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
	call	get_sev_encryption_bit
	xorl	%edx, %edx
	testl	%eax, %eax
	jz	1f
	subl	$32, %eax	/* Encryption bit is always above bit 31 */
	bts	%eax, %edx	/* Set encryption mask for page tables */
	/*
	 * Set MSR_AMD64_SEV_ENABLED_BIT in sev_status so that
	 * startup32_check_sev_cbit() will do a check. sev_enable() will
	 * initialize sev_status with all the bits reported by
	 * MSR_AMD_SEV_STATUS later, but only MSR_AMD64_SEV_ENABLED_BIT
	 * needs to be set for now.
	 */
	movl	$1, rva(sev_status)(%ebp)
1:
#endif

	/* Initialize Page tables to 0 */
	leal	rva(pgtable)(%ebx), %edi
	xorl	%eax, %eax
	movl	$(BOOT_INIT_PGT_SIZE/4), %ecx
	rep	stosl

	/* Build Level 4 */
	leal	rva(pgtable + 0)(%ebx), %edi
	leal	0x1007 (%edi), %eax
	movl	%eax, 0(%edi)
	addl	%edx, 4(%edi)

	/* Build Level 3 */
	leal	rva(pgtable + 0x1000)(%ebx), %edi
	leal	0x1007(%edi), %eax
	movl	$4, %ecx
1:	movl	%eax, 0x00(%edi)
	addl	%edx, 0x04(%edi)
	addl	$0x00001000, %eax
	addl	$8, %edi
	decl	%ecx
	jnz	1b

	/* Build Level 2 */
	leal	rva(pgtable + 0x2000)(%ebx), %edi
	movl	$0x00000183, %eax
	movl	$2048, %ecx
1:	movl	%eax, 0(%edi)
	addl	%edx, 4(%edi)
	addl	$0x00200000, %eax
	addl	$8, %edi
	decl	%ecx
	jnz	1b

	/* Enable the boot page tables */
	leal	rva(pgtable)(%ebx), %eax
	movl	%eax, %cr3

	/* Enable Long mode in EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
	movl	$MSR_EFER, %ecx
	rdmsr
	btsl	$_EFER_LME, %eax
	wrmsr

	/* After gdt is loaded */
	xorl	%eax, %eax
	lldt	%ax
	movl    $__BOOT_TSS, %eax
	ltr	%ax

#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
	/* Check if the C-bit position is correct when SEV is active */
	call	startup32_check_sev_cbit
#endif

	/*
	 * Setup for the jump to 64bit mode
	 *
	 * When the jump is performed we will be in long mode but
	 * in 32bit compatibility mode with EFER.LME = 1, CS.L = 0, CS.D = 1
	 * (and in turn EFER.LMA = 1).	To jump into 64bit mode we use
	 * the new gdt/idt that has __KERNEL_CS with CS.L = 1.
	 * We place all of the values on our mini stack so lret can
	 * used to perform that far jump.
	 */
	leal	rva(startup_64)(%ebp), %eax
#ifdef CONFIG_EFI_MIXED
	cmpb	$1, rva(efi_is64)(%ebp)
	je	1f
	leal	rva(startup_64_mixed_mode)(%ebp), %eax
1:
#endif

	pushl	$__KERNEL_CS
	pushl	%eax

	/* Enter paged protected Mode, activating Long Mode */
	movl	$CR0_STATE, %eax
	movl	%eax, %cr0

	/* Jump from 32bit compatibility mode into 64bit mode. */
	lret
SYM_FUNC_END(startup_32)

	.code64
	.org 0x200
SYM_CODE_START(startup_64)
	/*
	 * 64bit entry is 0x200 and it is ABI so immutable!
	 * We come here either from startup_32 or directly from a
	 * 64bit bootloader.
	 * If we come here from a bootloader, kernel(text+data+bss+brk),
	 * ramdisk, zero_page, command line could be above 4G.
	 * We depend on an identity mapped page table being provided
	 * that maps our entire kernel(text+data+bss+brk), zero page
	 * and command line.
	 */

	cld
	cli

	/* Setup data segments. */
	xorl	%eax, %eax
	movl	%eax, %ds
	movl	%eax, %es
	movl	%eax, %ss
	movl	%eax, %fs
	movl	%eax, %gs

	/*
	 * Compute the decompressed kernel start address.  It is where
	 * we were loaded at aligned to a 2M boundary. %rbp contains the
	 * decompressed kernel start address.
	 *
	 * If it is a relocatable kernel then decompress and run the kernel
	 * from load address aligned to 2MB addr, otherwise decompress and
	 * run the kernel from LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR
	 *
	 * We cannot rely on the calculation done in 32-bit mode, since we
	 * may have been invoked via the 64-bit entry point.
	 */

	/* Start with the delta to where the kernel will run at. */
#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
	leaq	startup_32(%rip) /* - $startup_32 */, %rbp
	movl	BP_kernel_alignment(%rsi), %eax
	decl	%eax
	addq	%rax, %rbp
	notq	%rax
	andq	%rax, %rbp
	cmpq	$LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %rbp
	jae	1f
#endif
	movq	$LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, %rbp
1:

	/* Target address to relocate to for decompression */
	movl	BP_init_size(%rsi), %ebx
	subl	$ rva(_end), %ebx
	addq	%rbp, %rbx

	/* Set up the stack */
	leaq	rva(boot_stack_end)(%rbx), %rsp

	/*
	 * At this point we are in long mode with 4-level paging enabled,
	 * but we might want to enable 5-level paging or vice versa.
	 *
	 * The problem is that we cannot do it directly. Setting or clearing
	 * CR4.LA57 in long mode would trigger #GP. So we need to switch off
	 * long mode and paging first.
	 *
	 * We also need a trampoline in lower memory to switch over from
	 * 4- to 5-level paging for cases when the bootloader puts the kernel
	 * above 4G, but didn't enable 5-level paging for us.
	 *
	 * The same trampoline can be used to switch from 5- to 4-level paging
	 * mode, like when starting 4-level paging kernel via kexec() when
	 * original kernel worked in 5-level paging mode.
	 *
	 * For the trampoline, we need the top page table to reside in lower
	 * memory as we don't have a way to load 64-bit values into CR3 in
	 * 32-bit mode.
	 */

	/* Make sure we have GDT with 32-bit code segment */
	leaq	gdt64(%rip), %rax
	addq	%rax, 2(%rax)
	lgdt	(%rax)

	/* Reload CS so IRET returns to a CS actually in the GDT */
	pushq	$__KERNEL_CS
	leaq	.Lon_kernel_cs(%rip), %rax
	pushq	%rax
	lretq

.Lon_kernel_cs:
	/*
	 * RSI holds a pointer to a boot_params structure provided by the
	 * loader, and this needs to be preserved across C function calls. So
	 * move it into a callee saved register.
	 */
	movq	%rsi, %r15

	call	load_stage1_idt

#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
	/*
	 * Now that the stage1 interrupt handlers are set up, #VC exceptions from
	 * CPUID instructions can be properly handled for SEV-ES guests.
	 *
	 * For SEV-SNP, the CPUID table also needs to be set up in advance of any
	 * CPUID instructions being issued, so go ahead and do that now via
	 * sev_enable(), which will also handle the rest of the SEV-related
	 * detection/setup to ensure that has been done in advance of any dependent
	 * code. Pass the boot_params pointer as the first argument.
	 */
	movq	%r15, %rdi
	call	sev_enable
#endif

	/*
	 * configure_5level_paging() updates the number of paging levels using
	 * a trampoline in 32-bit addressable memory if the current number does
	 * not match the desired number.
	 *
	 * Pass the boot_params pointer as the first argument. The second
	 * argument is the relocated address of the page table to use instead
	 * of the page table in trampoline memory (if required).
	 */
	movq	%r15, %rdi
	leaq	rva(top_pgtable)(%rbx), %rsi
	call	configure_5level_paging

	/* Zero EFLAGS */
	pushq	$0
	popfq

/*
 * Copy the compressed kernel to the end of our buffer
 * where decompression in place becomes safe.
 */
	leaq	(_bss-8)(%rip), %rsi
	leaq	rva(_bss-8)(%rbx), %rdi
	movl	$(_bss - startup_32), %ecx
	shrl	$3, %ecx
	std
	rep	movsq
	cld

	/*
	 * The GDT may get overwritten either during the copy we just did or
	 * during extract_kernel below. To avoid any issues, repoint the GDTR
	 * to the new copy of the GDT.
	 */
	leaq	rva(gdt64)(%rbx), %rax
	leaq	rva(gdt)(%rbx), %rdx
	movq	%rdx, 2(%rax)
	lgdt	(%rax)

/*
 * Jump to the relocated address.
 */
	leaq	rva(.Lrelocated)(%rbx), %rax
	jmp	*%rax
SYM_CODE_END(startup_64)

	.text
SYM_FUNC_START_LOCAL_NOALIGN(.Lrelocated)

/*
 * Clear BSS (stack is currently empty)
 */
	xorl	%eax, %eax
	leaq    _bss(%rip), %rdi
	leaq    _ebss(%rip), %rcx
	subq	%rdi, %rcx
	shrq	$3, %rcx
	rep	stosq

	call	load_stage2_idt

	/* Pass boot_params to initialize_identity_maps() */
	movq	%r15, %rdi
	call	initialize_identity_maps

/*
 * Do the extraction, and jump to the new kernel..
 */
	/* pass struct boot_params pointer and output target address */
	movq	%r15, %rdi
	movq	%rbp, %rsi
	call	extract_kernel		/* returns kernel entry point in %rax */

/*
 * Jump to the decompressed kernel.
 */
	movq	%r15, %rsi
	jmp	*%rax
SYM_FUNC_END(.Lrelocated)

/*
 * This is the 32-bit trampoline that will be copied over to low memory. It
 * will be called using the ordinary 64-bit calling convention from code
 * running in 64-bit mode.
 *
 * Return address is at the top of the stack (might be above 4G).
 * The first argument (EDI) contains the address of the temporary PGD level
 * page table in 32-bit addressable memory which will be programmed into
 * register CR3.
 */
	.section ".rodata", "a", @progbits
SYM_CODE_START(trampoline_32bit_src)
	/*
	 * Preserve callee save 64-bit registers on the stack: this is
	 * necessary because the architecture does not guarantee that GPRs will
	 * retain their full 64-bit values across a 32-bit mode switch.
	 */
	pushq	%r15
	pushq	%r14
	pushq	%r13
	pushq	%r12
	pushq	%rbp
	pushq	%rbx

	/* Preserve top half of RSP in a legacy mode GPR to avoid truncation */
	movq	%rsp, %rbx
	shrq	$32, %rbx

	/* Switch to compatibility mode (CS.L = 0 CS.D = 1) via far return */
	pushq	$__KERNEL32_CS
	leaq	0f(%rip), %rax
	pushq	%rax
	lretq

	/*
	 * The 32-bit code below will do a far jump back to long mode and end
	 * up here after reconfiguring the number of paging levels. First, the
	 * stack pointer needs to be restored to its full 64-bit value before
	 * the callee save register contents can be popped from the stack.
	 */
.Lret:
	shlq	$32, %rbx
	orq	%rbx, %rsp

	/* Restore the preserved 64-bit registers */
	popq	%rbx
	popq	%rbp
	popq	%r12
	popq	%r13
	popq	%r14
	popq	%r15
	retq

	.code32
0:
	/* Disable paging */
	movl	%cr0, %eax
	btrl	$X86_CR0_PG_BIT, %eax
	movl	%eax, %cr0

	/* Point CR3 to the trampoline's new top level page table */
	movl	%edi, %cr3

	/* Set EFER.LME=1 as a precaution in case hypervsior pulls the rug */
	movl	$MSR_EFER, %ecx
	rdmsr
	btsl	$_EFER_LME, %eax
	/* Avoid writing EFER if no change was made (for TDX guest) */
	jc	1f
	wrmsr
1:
	/* Toggle CR4.LA57 */
	movl	%cr4, %eax
	btcl	$X86_CR4_LA57_BIT, %eax
	movl	%eax, %cr4

	/* Enable paging again. */
	movl	%cr0, %eax
	btsl	$X86_CR0_PG_BIT, %eax
	movl	%eax, %cr0

	/*
	 * Return to the 64-bit calling code using LJMP rather than LRET, to
	 * avoid the need for a 32-bit addressable stack. The destination
	 * address will be adjusted after the template code is copied into a
	 * 32-bit addressable buffer.
	 */
.Ljmp:	ljmpl	$__KERNEL_CS, $(.Lret - trampoline_32bit_src)
SYM_CODE_END(trampoline_32bit_src)

/*
 * This symbol is placed right after trampoline_32bit_src() so its address can
 * be used to infer the size of the trampoline code.
 */
SYM_DATA(trampoline_ljmp_imm_offset, .word  .Ljmp + 1 - trampoline_32bit_src)

	/*
         * The trampoline code has a size limit.
         * Make sure we fail to compile if the trampoline code grows
         * beyond TRAMPOLINE_32BIT_CODE_SIZE bytes.
	 */
	.org	trampoline_32bit_src + TRAMPOLINE_32BIT_CODE_SIZE

	.text
SYM_FUNC_START_LOCAL_NOALIGN(.Lno_longmode)
	/* This isn't an x86-64 CPU, so hang intentionally, we cannot continue */
1:
	hlt
	jmp     1b
SYM_FUNC_END(.Lno_longmode)

	.globl	verify_cpu
#include "../../kernel/verify_cpu.S"

	.data
SYM_DATA_START_LOCAL(gdt64)
	.word	gdt_end - gdt - 1
	.quad   gdt - gdt64
SYM_DATA_END(gdt64)
	.balign	8
SYM_DATA_START_LOCAL(gdt)
	.word	gdt_end - gdt - 1
	.long	0
	.word	0
	.quad	0x00cf9a000000ffff	/* __KERNEL32_CS */
	.quad	0x00af9a000000ffff	/* __KERNEL_CS */
	.quad	0x00cf92000000ffff	/* __KERNEL_DS */
	.quad	0x0080890000000000	/* TS descriptor */
	.quad   0x0000000000000000	/* TS continued */
SYM_DATA_END_LABEL(gdt, SYM_L_LOCAL, gdt_end)

SYM_DATA_START(boot_idt_desc)
	.word	boot_idt_end - boot_idt - 1
	.quad	0
SYM_DATA_END(boot_idt_desc)
	.balign 8
SYM_DATA_START(boot_idt)
	.rept	BOOT_IDT_ENTRIES
	.quad	0
	.quad	0
	.endr
SYM_DATA_END_LABEL(boot_idt, SYM_L_GLOBAL, boot_idt_end)

/*
 * Stack and heap for uncompression
 */
	.bss
	.balign 4
SYM_DATA_START_LOCAL(boot_stack)
	.fill BOOT_STACK_SIZE, 1, 0
	.balign 16
SYM_DATA_END_LABEL(boot_stack, SYM_L_LOCAL, boot_stack_end)

/*
 * Space for page tables (not in .bss so not zeroed)
 */
	.section ".pgtable","aw",@nobits
	.balign 4096
SYM_DATA_LOCAL(pgtable,		.fill BOOT_PGT_SIZE, 1, 0)

/*
 * The page table is going to be used instead of page table in the trampoline
 * memory.
 */
SYM_DATA_LOCAL(top_pgtable,	.fill PAGE_SIZE, 1, 0)