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main.c
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main.c
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/************************************************/
/* */
/* small-c compiler */
/* rev. 1.1 */
/* by Ron Cain */
/* */
/************************************************/
/* Define system dependent parameters */
/* Stand-alone definitions */
/* #define NULL 0 */
/* #define eol 13 */
/* UNIX definitions (if not stand-alone) */
#include<stdio.h>
#define eol 10
/* Define the symbol table parameters */
#define symsiz 14
#define symtbsz 5040
#define numglbs 300
#define startglb symtab
#define endglb startglb+numglbs*symsiz
#define startloc endglb+symsiz
#define endloc symtab+symtbsz-symsiz
/* Define symbol table entry format */
#define name 0
#define ident 9
#define type 10
#define storage 11
#define offset 12
/* System wide name size (for symbols) */
#define namesize 9
#define namemax 8
/* Define possible entries for "ident" */
#define variable 1
#define array 2
#define pointer 3
#define function 4
/* Define possible entries for "type" */
#define cchar 1
#define cint 2
/* Define possible entries for "storage" */
#define statik 1
#define stkloc 2
/* Define the "while" statement queue */
#define wqtabsz 100
#define wqsiz 4
#define wqmax wq+wqtabsz-wqsiz
/* Define entry offsets in while queue */
#define wqsym 0
#define wqsp 1
#define wqloop 2
#define wqlab 3
/* Define the literal pool */
#define litabsz 2000
#define litmax litabsz-1
/* Define the input line */
#define linesize 80
#define linemax linesize-1
#define mpmax linemax
/* Define the macro (define) pool */
#define macqsize 1000
#define macmax macqsize-1
/* Define statement types (tokens) */
#define stif 1
#define stwhile 2
#define streturn 3
#define stbreak 4
#define stcont 5
#define stasm 6
#define stexp 7
/* Now reserve some storage words */
char symtab[symtbsz]; /* symbole table */
char *glbptr,*locptr; /* ptrs to next entries */
int wq[wqtabsz]; /* while queue */
int *wqptr; /* ptr to next entry */
char litq[litabsz]; /* literal pool */
int litptr; /* ptr to next entry */
char macq[macqsize]; /* macro string buffer */
int macptr; /* and its index */
char line[linesize]; /* parsing buffer */
char mline[linesize]; /* temp macro buffer */
int lptr,mptr; /* ptrs into each */
/* Misc storage */
int nxtlab, /* next avail label # */
litlab, /* label # assigned to literal pool */
sp, /* compiler relative stk ptr */
argstk, /* function arg sp */
ncmp, /* # open compound statements */
errcnt, /* # errors in compilation */
eof, /* set non-zero on final input eof */
input, /* iob # for input file */
output, /* iob # for output file (if any) */
input2, /* iob # for "include" file */
glbflag, /* non-zero if internal globals */
ctext, /* non-zero to intermix c-source */
cmode, /* non-zero while parsing c-code */
/* zero when passing assembly code */
lastst; /* last executed statement type */
char quote[2]; /* literal string fo '"' */
char *cptr; /* work ptr to any char buffer */
int *iptr; /* work ptr to any int buffer */
/* >>>>>> start cc1 <<<<<< */
/* */
/* Compiler begins execution here */
/* */
main()
{
glbptr=startglb; /* clear global symbols */
locptr=startloc; /* clear local symbols */
wqptr=wq; /* clear while queue */
macptr= /* clear the macro pool */
litptr= /* clear literal pool */
sp = /* stack ptr (relative) */
errcnt= /* no errors */
eof= /* not eof yet */
input= /* no input file */
input2= /* or include file */
output= /* no open units */
ncmp= /* no open compound states */
lastst= /* no last statement yet */
quote[1]=
0; /* ...all set to zero.... */
quote[0]='"'; /* fake a quote literal */
cmode=1; /* enable preprocessing */
/* */
/* compiler body */
/* */
ask(); /* get user options */
openout(); /* get an output file */
openin(); /* and initial input file */
header(); /* intro code */
parse(); /* process ALL input */
dumplits(); /* then dump literal pool */
dumpglbs(); /* and all static memory */
errorsummary(); /* summarize errors */
trailer(); /* follow-up code */
closeout(); /* close the output (if any) */
return; /* then exit to system */
}
/* */
/* Process all input text */
/* */
/* At this level, only static declarations, */
/* defines, includes, and function */
/* defintions are legal... */
parse()
{
while (eof==0) /* do until no more input */
{
if(amatch("char",4)){declglb(cchar);ns();}
else if(amatch("int",3)){declglb(cint);ns();}
else if(match("#asm"))doasm();
else if(match("#include"))doinclude();
else if(match("#define"))addmac();
else newfunc();
blanks(); /* force eof if pending */
}
}
/* */
/* Dump the literal pool */
/* */
dumplits()
{int j,k;
if (litptr==0) return; /* if nothing there, exit...*/
printlabel(litlab);col(); /* print literal label */
k=0; /* init an index... */
while (k<litptr) /* to loop with */
{defbyte(); /* pseudo-op to define byte */
j=10; /* max bytes per line */
while(j--)
{outdec((litq[k++]&127));
if ((j==0) | (k>=litptr))
{nl(); /* need <cr> */
break;
}
outbyte(","); /* separate bytes */
}
}
}
/* */
/* Dump all static variables */
/* */
dumpglbs()
{
int j;
if(glbflag==0)return; /* don't if user said no */
cptr=startglb;
while(cptr<glbptr)
{if(cptr[ident]!=function)
/* do if anything but function */
{outstr(cptr);col();
/* output name as label... */
defstorage(); /* define storage */
j=((cptr[offset]&255)+
((cptr[offset+1]&255)<<8));
/* calc # bytes */
if((cptr[type]==cint)|
(cptr[ident]==pointer))
j=j+j;
outdec(j); /* need that many */
nl();
}
cptr=cptr+symsiz;
}
}
/* */
/* Report errors for user */
/* */
errorsummary()
{
/* see if anything left hanging... */
if (ncmp) error("missing closing bracket");
/* open compound statement ... */
nl();
comment();
outdec(errcnt); /* total # errors */
outstr(" errors in compilation.");
nl();
}
/* */
/* Get options from user */
/* */
ask()
{
int k,num[1];
kill(); /* clear input line */
outbyte(12); /* clear the screen */
nl();nl();nl(); /* print banner */
pl(" * * * small-c compiler * * *");
nl();
pl(" by Ron Cain");
nl();nl();
/* see if user wants to interleave the c-text */
/* in form of comments (for clarity) */
pl("Do you wish the c-text to appear? ");
gets(line); /* get answer */
ctext=0; /* assume no */
if((ch()=='Y')|(ch()=='y'))
ctext=1; /* user said yes */
/* see if user wants us to allocate static * /
/* variables by name In this module */
/* (pseudo external capability) */
pl("Do you wish the globals to be defined?");
gets(line);
glbflag=0;
if((ch()=='Y')|(ch()=='y'))
glbflag=1; /* user said yes */
/* get first allowable number for compiler-generated */
/* labels (in case user will append modules) */
while(1)
{pl("Starting number for labels? ");
gets(line);
if(ch()==0){num[0]=0;break;}
if(k=number(num))break; /*TODO: check assignment correct?? */
}
nxtlab=num[0];
litlab=getlabel(); /* first label=literal pool */
kill(); /* erase line */
}
/* */
/* Get output filename */
/* */
openout()
{
kill(); /* erase line */
output=0; /* start with none */
pl("output filename? "); /* ask...*/
gets(line); /* get a filename */
if(ch()==0)return; /*none given... */
if((output=fopen(line,"wt"))==NULL) /* it given, open */
{output=0; /* can't open */
error("open failure");
}
kill(); /* erase line */
}
/* */
/* Get (next) input file */
/* */
openin()
{
input=0; /* none to start with */
while (input==0) /* any above 1 allowed */
{kill(); /* clear line */
if(eof)break; /* it user said none */
pl("Input filename? ");
gets(line); /* get a name */
if(ch()==0)
{eof=1;break;} /* none given... */
if((input=fopen(line,"rt"))==NULL)
{input=0; /* can't open it */
pl("Open failure");
}
}
kill(); /* erase line */
}
/* */
/* Open an include file */
/* */
doinclude()
{
blanks(); /* skip over to name */
if((input2=fopen(line+lptr,"r"))==NULL)
{input2=0;
error("Open failure on include file");
}
kill(); /* clear rest of line */
/* so next read will cone fron */
/* new file (if open */
}
/* */
/* Close the output file */
/* */
closeout()
{ if(output)fclose(output); /* if open, close it */
output=0; /* mark as closed */
}
/* */
/* Declare astatic variable */
/* (i.e. define for use) */
/* */
/* makes an entry in the symbol table so subsequent */
/* references can call symbol by name */
declglb(typ) /* typ is cchar or cint */
int typ;
{ int k,j;char sname[namesize];
while(1)
{while(1)
{if(endst())return; /* do line */
k=1; /* assume 1 element */
if(match("*")) /* pointer ? */
j=pointer; /* yes */
else j=variable; /* no */
if (symname(sname)==0) /* name ok? */
illname(); /* no... */
if(findglb(sname)) /* already there? */
multidef(sname);
if (match("[")) /* array? */
{k=needsub(); /* get size */
if(k)j=array; /* !0=array */
else j=pointer; /* 0=ptr */
}
addglb(sname,j,typ,k); /* add symbol */
break;
}
if (match(",")==0) return; /* more? */
}
}
/* */
/* Declare local variables */
/* (i.e. define for use) */
/* */
/* works Just like "declglb" but modifies machine stack */
/* and adds symbol table entry with appropriate */
/* stack offset to find it again */
declloc(typ) /* typ is cchar or cint */
int typ;
{
int k,j;char sname[namesize];
while(1)
{while(1)
{if(endst())return;
if(match("*"))
j=pointer;
else j=variable;
if (symname(sname)==0)
illname();
if(findloc(sname))
multidef(sname);
if (match("["))
{k=needsub();
if (k)
{j=array;
if(typ==cint)k=k+k;
}
else
{j=pointer;
k=2;
}
}
else
if((typ==cchar)
&(j!=pointer))
k=1;else k=2;
/* change machine stack */
sp=modstk(sp-k);
addloc(sname,j,typ,sp);
break;
}
if (match(",")==0) return;
}
}
/* */
/* >>>>>> start of cc2 <<<<<< */
/* */
/* Get required array size */
/* invoked when declared variable is followed by "[" */
/* this routine makes subscript the absolute */
/* size of the array. */
needsub()
{
int num[1];
if(match("]"))return 0; /* null size */
if (number(num)==0) /* go after a number */
{error("must be constant"); /* it isn't * /
num[0]=l; /* so force one */
}
if (num[0]<0)
{error("negative size illegal");
num[0]=(-num[0]);
}
needbrack("]"); /* force single dimension */
return num[0]; /* and return size */
}
/* */
/* Begin a function */
/* */
/* Called from "parse" this routine tries to irake a function */
/* out of what follows. */
newfunc()
{
char n[namesize],*ptr;
if (symname(n)==0)
{error("illegal function or declaration");
kill(); /* invalidate line */
return;
}
if(ptr=findglb(n)) /* already in symbol table ? */
{if(ptr[ident]!=function)multidef(n);
/* already variable by that name */
else if(ptr[offset]==function)multidef(n);
/* already function by that name */
else ptr[offset]=function;
/* otherwise we have what was earlier*/
/* assumed to be a function */
}
/* if not in table, define as a function now */
else addglb(n,function,cint,function);
/* we had better see open paren for args... */
if(match("(")==0)error("missing open paren");
outstr(n);col();nl(); /* print function name */
argstk=0; /* init arg count */
while(match(")")==0) /* then count args */
/* any legal name bumps arg count */
{if(symname(n))argstk=argstk+2;
else{error("illegal argument name");junk();}
blanks();
/* if not closing paren, should be comma */
if(streq(line+lptr,")")==0)
{if(match(",")==0)
error("expected comma");
}
if(endst())break;
}
locptr=startloc; /* "clear" local symbol table*/
sp=0; /* preset stack ptr */
while(argstk)
/* now let user declare what types of things */
/* those arguments were */
{if (amatch("char",4)) {getarg(cchar);ns();}
else if (amatch("int",3)) {getarg(cint);ns();}
else{error("wrong number args"); break;}
}
if(statement()!=streturn) /* do a statement, but if */
/* it's a return, skip */
/* cleaning up the stack */
{modstk(0);
ret();
}
sp=0; /* reset stack ptr again */
locptr=startloc; /* deallocate all locals */
}
/* */
/* Declare argument types */
/* */
/* called from "newfunc" this routine adds an entry in the */
/* local symbol table for each named argument */
getarg(t) /* t = cchar or cint */
int t;
{
char n[namesize],c;int j;
while(1)
{if(argstk==0) return; /* no more args */
if(match("*"))j=pointer;
else j=variable;
if (symname(n)==0) illname();
if(findloc(n))multidef(n);
if(match("[")) /* pointer ? */
/* it is a pointer, so skip all */
/* stuff between "[]" */
{while(inbyte()!="]")
if(endst())break;
j=pointer;
/* add entry as pointer */
}
addloc(n,j,t,argstk);
argstk=argstk-2; /* cnt down */
if(endst())return;
if(match(",")==0)error("expected comma");
}
}
/* */
/* Statement parser */
/* */
/* called whenever syntax requires */
/* a stat ement. */
/* this routine performs that statement */
/* and returns a number telling which one */
statement()
{ if((ch()==0) & (eof)) return;
else if(amatch("char",4))
{declloc(cchar);ns();}
else if(amatch("int",3))
{declloc(cint);ns();}
else if(amatch("{")) compound();
else if(amatch("if",2))
{doif(); lastst=stif;}
else if(amatch("while",5))
{dowhile(); lastst=stwhile;}
else if(amatch("return",6))
{doreturn(); ns(); lastst=streturn;}
else if(amatch("break",5))
{dobreak(); ns(); lastst=stbreak;}
else if(amatch("continue",8))
{docont(); ns() ; lastst=stcont;}
else if(match(";"));
else if(match("#asm"))
{doasm(); lastst=stasm;}
/* if nothing else, assume it's an expr expression */
else{expression(); ns(); lastst=stexp; }
return lastst;
}
/* */
/* Semicolon enforcer */
/* */
/* called whenever syntax requires a semicolon */
ns() {if(match(";")==0)error("missing semicolon");}
/* */
/* Compound statement */
/* */
/* allow any number of statements to fall between "{}" */
compound()
{
++ncmp; /* new level open */
while(match("}")==0)
if(eof) return;
else statement();
--ncmp; /* close current level */
}
/* */
/* "if" statement */
/* */
doif()
{
int flev,fsp,flab1,flab2;
flev=locptr; /* record current local level */
fsp=sp; /* record current stk ptr */
flab1=getlabel(); /* get label for false branch */
test(flab1); /* get expression, and branch false */
statement(); /* if true, do a statement */
sp=modstk(fsp); /* then clean up the stack */
locptr=flev; /* and deallocate any locals */
if (amatch("else",4)==0) /* if...else ? */
/* simple "if"...print false label */
{printlabel(flab1);col();nl();
return; /* and exit */
}
/* an "if...else" statement. */
jump(flab2=getlabel()); /* jump around false code */
printlabel(flab1);col();nl(); /* print false label */
statement(); /* and do "else" clause */
sp=modstk(fsp); /*then clean up stk ptr */
locptr=flev; /* and deallocate locals */
printlabel(flab2);col();nl(); /* print true label */
}
/* */
/* "while" statement */
/* */
dowhile()
{
int wq[4]; /* allocate local queue */
wq[wqsym]=locptr; /* record local level */
wq[wqsp]=sp; /* and stk ptr */
wq[wqloop]=getlabel(); /* and looping label */
wq[wqlab]=getlabel(); /* and exit label */
addwhile(wq); /* add entry to queue */
/* (for "break" statement) */
printlabel(wq[wqloop]);col();nl(); /* loop label */
test(wq[wqlab]); /* see if true */
statement(); /* if so, do a statement */
jump(wq[wqloop]); /* loop to label */
printlabel(wq[wqlab]);col();nl(); /* exit label */
locptr=wq[wqsym]; /* deallocate locals */
sp=modstk(wq[wqsp]); /* clean up stk ptr */
delwhile(); /* delete queue entry */
}
/* */
/* "return statement" */
/* */
doreturn()
{
/* if not end of statement/ get an expression */
if(endst()==0)expression();
modstk(0); /* clean up stk */
ret(); /* and exit function */
}
/* */
/* "break" statement */
/* */
dobreak()
{
int *ptr;
/* see if any "whiles" are open */
if ((ptr=readwhile())==0) return; /* no */
modstk((ptr[wqsp])); /* else clean up stk ptr */
jump(ptr[wqlab]); /* jump to exit label */
}
/* */
/* "continue" statement */
/* */
docont()
{
int *ptr;
/* see if any "whiles" are open */
if ((ptr=readwhile())==0) return; /* no */
modstk((ptr[wqsp])); /* else clean up stk ptr */
jump(ptr[wqloop]); /* jump to loop label */
}
/* */
/* "asm" pseudo-statement */
/* */
/* enters mode where assembly language statement are */
/* passed Intact through parser */
doasm()
{
cmode=0; /* mark mode as "asm" */
while (1)
{inline(); /* get and print lines */
if (match("#endasm")) break; /* until... */
if(eof)break;
outstr(line);
nl();
}
kill(); /* invalidate line */
cmode=1; /* then back to parse level */
}
/* >>>>>> start of cc3 <<<<<< */
/* */
/* Perform a function call */
/* */
/* called from heir11, this routine will either call */
/* the named function, or if the supplied ptr is */
/* zero, will call the contents of HL */
callfunction(ptr)
char *ptr; /* symbol table entry (or 0) */
{ int nargs;
nargs=0;
blanks(); /* already saw open paren */
if(ptr==0)push(); /* calling HL */
while(streq(line+lptr,")")==0)
{if(endst())break;
expression(); /* get an arguirent */
if(ptr==0)swapstk(); /* don't push addr */
push(); /* push argument */
nargs=nargs+2; /* count args*2 */
if (match(",")==0) break;
}
needbrack(")");
if(ptr)call(ptr);
else callstk();
sp=modstk(sp+nargs); /* clean up arguments */
}
junk()
{ if(an(inbyte()))
while(an(ch()))gch();
else while(an(ch())==0)
{if(ch()==0)break;
gch();
}
blanks();
}
endst()
{ blanks();
return ((streq(line+lptr,";")|(ch()==0)));
}
illname()
{ error("illegal symbol name");junk();}
multidef(sname)
char *sname;
{ error("already defined");
comment();
outstr(sname);nl();
}
needbrack(str)
char *str;
{ if (match(str)==0)
{error("misslng bracket");
comment();outstr(str);nl();
}
}
needlval()
{ error("must be lvalue");
}
findglb(sname)
char *sname;
{ char *ptr;
ptr=startglb;
while(ptr!=glbptr)
{if(astreq(sname,ptr,namemax))return ptr;
ptr=ptr+symsiz;
}
return 0;
}
findloc(sname)
char *sname;
{ char *ptr;
ptr=startloc;
while(ptr!=locptr)
{if(astreq(sname,ptr,namemax))return ptr;
ptr=ptr+symsiz;
}
return 0;
}
addglb(sname,id,typ,value)
char *sname,id,typ;
int value;
{ char *ptr;
if(cptr=findglb(sname))return cptr;
if(glbptr>=endglb)
{error("global symbol table overflow");
return 0;
}
cptr=ptr=glbptr;
while(an(*ptr++ = *sname++)); /* copy name */
cptr[ident]=id;
cptr[type]=typ;
cptr[storage]=statik;
cptr[offset]=value;
cptr[offset+1]=value>>8;
glbptr=glbptr+symsiz;
return cptr;
}
addloc(sname,id,typ,value)
char *sname,id,typ;
int value;
{ char *ptr;
if(cptr=findloc(sname))return cptr;
if(locptr>=endloc)
{error("local symbol table overflow");
return 0;
}
cptr=ptr=locptr;
while(an(*ptr++ = *sname++)); /* copy nane */
cptr[ident]=id;
cptr[type]=typ;
cptr[storage]=stkloc;
cptr[offset]=value;
cptr[offset+1]=value>>8;
locptr=locptr+symsiz;
return cptr;
}
/* Test if next input string is legal symbol name */
symname(sname)
char *sname;
{ int k;char c;
blanks();
if(alpha(ch())==0)return 0;
k=0;
while(an(ch()))sname[k++]=gch();
sname[k]=0;
return 1;
}
/* Return next avail Internal label number */
getlabel()
{ return(++nxtlab);
}
/* print specified number as label */
printlabel(label)
int label;
{ outstr("cc");
outdec(label);
}
/* Test if given character is alpha */
alpha(c)
char c;
{ c=c&127;
return(((c>='a')&(c<='z'))|
((c>='A')&(c<='Z'))|
(c=='_'));
}
/* Test if given character is numeric */
numeric(c)
char c;
{ c=c&127;
return((c>='0')&(c<='9'));
}
/* Test if given character is alphanumeric */
an(c)
char c;
{ return((alpha(c))|(numeric(c)));
}
/* Print a carriage return and a string only to console */
pl(str)
char *str;
{ int k;
k=0;
putchar(eol);
while(str[k])putchar(str[k++]);
}
addwhile(ptr)
int ptr[];
{
int k;
if (wqptr==wqmax)
{error("too many active whiles");return;};
k=0;
while (k<wqsiz)
{*wqptr++ = ptr[k++];}
}
delwhile()
{if(readwhile()) wqptr=wqptr-wqsiz;
}
readwhile()
{
if (wqptr==wq){error("no active whiles");return 0;}
else return (wqptr-wqsiz);
}
ch()
{ return(line[lptr]&127);
}
nch()
{ if(ch()==0)return 0;
else return(line[lptr+1]&127);
}
gch()
{ if(ch()==0)return 0;
else return(line[lptr++]&127);
}
kill()
{ lptr=0;
line[lptr]=0;
}
inbyte()
{
while(ch()==0)
{if (eof) return 0;
inline();
preprocess();
}
return gch();
}
inchar()
{
if(ch()==0)inline();
if(eof)return 0;
return(gch());
}
inline()
{
int k,unit;
while(1)
{if (input==0)openin();
if(eof)return;
if((unit=input2)==0)unit=input;
kill();
while((k=getc(unit))>0)
{if((k==eol)|(lptr>=linemax))break;
line[lptr++]=k;
}
line[lptr]=0; /* append null */
if (k<=0)
{fclose(unit);
if(input2)input2=0;
else input=0;
}
if(lptr)
{if((ctext)&(cmode))
{comment();
outstr(line);
nl();
}
lptr=0;
return;
}
}
}
/* >>>>>> start of cc4 <<<<<< */
keepch(c)
char c;
{ mline[mptr]=c;
if(mptr<mpmax)mptr++;
return c;
}
preprocess()
{ int k;
char c,sname[namesize];
if(cmode==0) return;
mptr=lptr=0;
while(ch())
{if((ch()==' ')|(ch()==9))
{keepch(' ');
while((ch()==' ')|
(ch()==9))
gch();
}
else if(ch()=='"')
{keepch(ch());
gch();
while(ch()!='"')
{if(ch()==0)
{error("missing quote");
break;
}
keepch(gch());
}
gch();
keepch('"');
}
else if(ch()==39)
{keepch(39);
gch();
while(ch()!=39)
{if(ch() ==0)
{error("missing apostrophe");
break;
}
keepch(gch());
}
gch();
keepch(39);
}
else if((ch()=='/')&(nch()=='*'))
{inchar();inchar();
while(((ch()=='*')&
(nch()=='/'))==0)
{if(ch()==0)inline();
else inchar();
if(eof)break;
}
inchar();inchar();
}
else if(an(ch()))
{k=0;
while(an(ch()))
{if(k<namemax)sname[k++]=ch();
gch();
}
sname[k]=0;
if(k=findmac(sname))
while(c=macq[k++])
keepch(c);
else
{k=0;
while(c=sname[k++])
keepch(c);
}
}
else keepch(gch());
}
keepch(0);