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Chinese Dialogue State Management

Background

In task-oriented dialogue systems, a dialogue state management (DM) system takes a user intent as input, interacts with a knowledge base, and predicts the next system actions. The user intent is analysed by a Natural Language Understanding component (NLU), which is sometimes combined with DM as a single component for end-to-end training. The next system actions usually consist two type of actions: Dialogue act type and Slot-value pairs. Given the next system actions, a Natural Language Generation component (NLG) will generate a response to the user.

Examples

An example taken from Zhang et al. (2018) and translated into Chinese:

Input Output
Slot-value pairs
语句 美食类别 价格 人数 地点 Dialogue Act Type
用户 早上好 问候
系统 你好，有什么可以帮助你的 - - - - -
用户 能帮忙预定一个在伦敦价格比较便宜的餐厅么？ 便宜 伦敦 确认
系统 好的 - - - - -
用户 <沉默> 便宜 伦敦 询问美食类别
系统 请问想要预定那种类型的餐厅？ - - - - -
用户 法国餐厅 法式 便宜 伦敦 询问人数
系统 请问有多少人？ - - - - -
用户 4人 法式 便宜 4 伦敦 确认
系统 好的，让我来看看 - - - - -
用户 <沉默> 法式 便宜 4 伦敦 查询
系统 API(法式，便宜，4，伦敦) - - - - -

The output is generated before system's turn.

Standard Metrics

Classification Accuracy:

  • Sentence level.
  • Session level. A session is correct only if all the sentences in the session are predicted correctly.

Alibaba Dialogue Management Dataset.

  • Not public
  • It consists of real conversations from the flight-booking domain, in which the system is supposed to acquire departure city, arrival city, and departure date information from the user to book a flight ticket.
  • 5 dialogue act types and 3 slot types

Dialogue act types:

Dialogue act type
ask_dep_loc
ask_arr_loc
ask_dep_date
offer
end

Slot types:

Slot names # Values
Dep_city 174
Arr_city 174
Date 100

Dataset stats:

Test 3,832 sessions
Average turns per session 5
Average sentence length 4

Metrics

Accuracy

Results

Dialogue Act Type Slot-Value Mask All
Zhang et al. (2018) 76.7 (16.3) 100.0 (100.0) 100.0 (100.0) 76.7 (16.3)

The numbers in parenthesis are session level accuracy.

Resources

# sessions
Train 15,330
Dev 7,665

Dialog State Tracking Challenge 5 (DSTC5).

This task aims at tracking the dialog state defined as a frame structure filled with slot-value pairs representing the subject of each sub-dialog in human-human dialogs.

  • Challenge paper
  • The dialogue is divided into sub-dialogues, and the frame structure is annotated at sub-dialogue level.
  • This is a cross-language task, where the training set is in English, whereas dev and test set are in Chinese.
Language # dialogs # utterances
Test Chinese 10 14,878

Results

Accuracy Precision Recall F1
Shi et al. (2017) 0.0956 0.5643 0.3769 0.4519

Resources

Language # dialogs # utterances
Train English 35 31,304
Dev Chinese 2 3,130

CrossWOZ: A Large-Scale Chinese Cross-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue Dataset.

The first large-scale, Chinese Cross-Domain Wizard-of-Oz task-oriented dataset.

  • 5 Domains: hotel, restaurant, attraction, metro, taxi
  • Annotation of dialog states and dialog acts on both user and system sides
  • About 60% of dialogs have cross-domain user-goals
  • Rule-based user simulator also provided for evaluation

Links

Overview

CrossWoz
Language Chinese with English translations
Speakers Human-to-Human
# Domains 5
# Slots 72
# Values 7,871

Datasets

Split Train Valid Test
# dialogues 5,012 500 500
# Turns (utterances) 84,692 8,458 8,476
Vocab 12,502 5,202 5,143
Avg. user sub-goals 3.24 3.26 3.26
Avg. turns 16.9 16.9 17.0
Avg. tokens per turn 16.3 16.3 16.2

Example data

A piece of dialogue: (Names of hotels are replaced by A,B,C for simplicity.)

example

Benchmark Model Evaluations

result

Suggestions? Changes? Please send email to chinesenlp.xyz@gmail.com