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envconfig.go
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envconfig.go
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// Copyright (c) 2013 Kelsey Hightower. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by the MIT License that can be found in
// the LICENSE file.
package envconfig
import (
"encoding"
"fmt"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
"math"
"os"
"reflect"
"regexp"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
)
// ErrInvalidSpecification indicates that a specification is of the wrong type.
var ErrInvalidSpecification = errors.New("specification must be a struct pointer")
var gatherRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("([^A-Z]+|[A-Z]+[^A-Z]+|[A-Z]+)")
var acronymRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("([A-Z]+)([A-Z][^A-Z]+)")
// A ParseError occurs when an environment variable cannot be converted to
// the type required by a struct field during assignment.
type ParseError struct {
KeyName string
FieldName string
TypeName string
Value string
Err error
}
// Decoder has the same semantics as Setter, but takes higher precedence.
// It is provided for historical compatibility.
type Decoder interface {
Decode(value string) error
}
// Setter is implemented by types can self-deserialize values.
// Any type that implements flag.Value also implements Setter.
type Setter interface {
Set(value string) error
}
func (e *ParseError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("envconfig.Process: assigning %[1]s to %[2]s: converting '%[3]s' to type %[4]s. details: %+v", e.KeyName, e.FieldName, e.Value, e.TypeName, e.Err)
}
type SeparatorType string
const (
INDEX SeparatorType = "index"
COMMA SeparatorType = "comma"
)
// varInfo maintains information about the configuration variable
type varInfo struct {
Name string
Alt string
Key string
Field reflect.Value
Tags reflect.StructTag
ValuesBy SeparatorType
}
// GatherInfo gathers information about the specified struct
func gatherInfo(prefix string, spec interface{}) ([]varInfo, error) {
s := reflect.ValueOf(spec)
if s.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
return nil, ErrInvalidSpecification
}
s = s.Elem()
if s.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
return nil, ErrInvalidSpecification
}
typeOfSpec := s.Type()
// over allocate an info array, we will extend if needed later
infos := make([]varInfo, 0, s.NumField())
for i := 0; i < s.NumField(); i++ {
f := s.Field(i)
ftype := typeOfSpec.Field(i)
if !f.CanSet() || isTrue(ftype.Tag.Get("ignored")) {
continue
}
for f.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
if f.IsNil() {
if f.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Struct {
// nil pointer to a non-struct: leave it alone
break
}
// nil pointer to struct: create a zero instance
f.Set(reflect.New(f.Type().Elem()))
}
f = f.Elem()
}
// Capture information about the config variable
info := varInfo{
Name: ftype.Name,
Field: f,
Tags: ftype.Tag,
Alt: strings.ToUpper(ftype.Tag.Get("envconfig")),
}
// Default to the field name as the env var name (will be upcased)
info.Key = info.Name
// Best effort to un-pick camel casing as separate words
if isTrue(ftype.Tag.Get("split_words")) {
words := gatherRegexp.FindAllStringSubmatch(ftype.Name, -1)
if len(words) > 0 {
var name []string
for _, words := range words {
if m := acronymRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(words[0]); len(m) == 3 {
name = append(name, m[1], m[2])
} else {
name = append(name, words[0])
}
}
info.Key = strings.Join(name, "_")
}
}
if info.Alt != "" {
info.Key = info.Alt
}
if prefix != "" {
info.Key = fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", prefix, info.Key)
}
info.Key = strings.ToUpper(info.Key)
info.ValuesBy = SeparatorType(ftype.Tag.Get("values_by"))
infos = append(infos, info)
if f.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
// honor Decode if present
if decoderFrom(f) == nil && setterFrom(f) == nil && textUnmarshaler(f) == nil && binaryUnmarshaler(f) == nil {
innerPrefix := prefix
if !ftype.Anonymous {
innerPrefix = info.Key
}
embeddedPtr := f.Addr().Interface()
embeddedInfos, err := gatherInfo(innerPrefix, embeddedPtr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
infos = append(infos[:len(infos)-1], embeddedInfos...)
continue
}
}
}
return infos, nil
}
// CheckDisallowed checks that no environment variables with the prefix are set
// that we don't know how or want to parse. This is likely only meaningful with
// a non-empty prefix.
func CheckDisallowed(prefix string, spec interface{}) error {
infos, err := gatherInfo(prefix, spec)
if err != nil {
return err
}
vars := make(map[string]struct{})
for _, info := range infos {
vars[info.Key] = struct{}{}
}
if prefix != "" {
prefix = strings.ToUpper(prefix) + "_"
}
for _, env := range os.Environ() {
if !strings.HasPrefix(env, prefix) {
continue
}
v := strings.SplitN(env, "=", 2)[0]
if _, found := vars[v]; !found {
return fmt.Errorf("unknown environment variable %s", v)
}
}
return nil
}
// Process populates the specified struct based on environment variables
func Process(prefix string, spec interface{}) error {
infos, err := gatherInfo(prefix, spec)
for _, info := range infos {
if info.ValuesBy == INDEX {
index := 0
end := false
for !end {
key := info.Key + "_" + strconv.Itoa(index)
if end, err = doProcess(key, info); err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
index++
}
if info.Field.IsNil() || info.Field.IsZero() {
if err = checkRequired(info); err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
def := info.Tags.Get("default")
if def != "" {
err = processFieldWithConfig(def, info.Field, ProcessConfig{
ValuesBy: info.ValuesBy,
})
}
}
continue
}
if _, err = doProcess(info.Key, info); err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
}
return err
}
func checkRequired(info varInfo) error {
def := info.Tags.Get("default")
req := info.Tags.Get("required")
if def == "" {
if isTrue(req) {
key := info.Key
if info.Alt != "" {
key = info.Alt
}
return fmt.Errorf("required key %s missing value", key)
}
}
return nil
}
func doProcess(key string, info varInfo) (end bool, err error) {
// `os.Getenv` cannot differentiate between an explicitly set empty value
// and an unset value. `os.LookupEnv` is preferred to `syscall.Getenv`,
// but it is only available in go1.5 or newer. We're using Go build tags
// here to use os.LookupEnv for >=go1.5
value, ok := lookupEnv(key)
if info.ValuesBy == INDEX && !ok {
return true, nil
}
if !ok && info.Alt != "" {
value, ok = lookupEnv(info.Alt)
}
if info.ValuesBy != INDEX {
if !ok {
if err = checkRequired(info); err != nil {
return false, errors.WithStack(err)
}
def := info.Tags.Get("default")
if def == "" {
return false, nil
}
value = def
}
}
err = processFieldWithConfig(value, info.Field, ProcessConfig{
ValuesBy: info.ValuesBy,
})
if err != nil {
return false, &ParseError{
KeyName: info.Key,
FieldName: info.Name,
TypeName: info.Field.Type().String(),
Value: value,
Err: errors.WithStack(err),
}
}
return false, nil
}
// MustProcess is the same as Process but panics if an error occurs
func MustProcess(prefix string, spec interface{}) {
if err := Process(prefix, spec); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
func processField(value string, field reflect.Value) error {
typ := field.Type()
decoder := decoderFrom(field)
if decoder != nil {
return decoder.Decode(value)
}
// look for Set method if Decode not defined
setter := setterFrom(field)
if setter != nil {
return setter.Set(value)
}
if t := textUnmarshaler(field); t != nil {
return t.UnmarshalText([]byte(value))
}
if b := binaryUnmarshaler(field); b != nil {
return b.UnmarshalBinary([]byte(value))
}
if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
typ = typ.Elem()
if field.IsNil() {
field.Set(reflect.New(typ))
}
field = field.Elem()
}
switch typ.Kind() {
case reflect.String:
field.SetString(value)
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
var (
val int64
err error
)
if field.Kind() == reflect.Int64 && typ.PkgPath() == "time" && typ.Name() == "Duration" {
var d time.Duration
d, err = time.ParseDuration(value)
val = int64(d)
} else {
val, err = strconv.ParseInt(value, 0, typ.Bits())
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
field.SetInt(val)
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
val, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 0, typ.Bits())
if err != nil {
return err
}
field.SetUint(val)
case reflect.Bool:
val, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
if err != nil {
return err
}
field.SetBool(val)
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
val, err := strconv.ParseFloat(value, typ.Bits())
if err != nil {
return err
}
field.SetFloat(val)
case reflect.Slice:
sl := reflect.MakeSlice(typ, 0, 0)
if typ.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
sl = reflect.ValueOf([]byte(value))
} else if strings.TrimSpace(value) != "" {
vals := strings.Split(value, ",")
sl = reflect.MakeSlice(typ, len(vals), len(vals))
for i, val := range vals {
err := processField(val, sl.Index(i))
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
field.Set(sl)
case reflect.Map:
mp := reflect.MakeMap(typ)
if strings.TrimSpace(value) != "" {
pairs := strings.Split(value, ",")
for _, pair := range pairs {
kvpair := strings.Split(pair, ":")
if len(kvpair) != 2 {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid map item: %q", pair)
}
k := reflect.New(typ.Key()).Elem()
err := processField(kvpair[0], k)
if err != nil {
return err
}
v := reflect.New(typ.Elem()).Elem()
err = processField(kvpair[1], v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
mp.SetMapIndex(k, v)
}
}
field.Set(mp)
}
return nil
}
type ProcessConfig struct {
ValuesBy SeparatorType
}
const (
CAP_GROW_STEP = 8
)
func processFieldWithConfig(value string, field reflect.Value, config ProcessConfig) error {
typ := field.Type()
decoder := decoderFrom(field)
if decoder != nil {
return decoder.Decode(value)
}
// look for Set method if Decode not defined
setter := setterFrom(field)
if setter != nil {
return setter.Set(value)
}
if t := textUnmarshaler(field); t != nil {
return t.UnmarshalText([]byte(value))
}
if b := binaryUnmarshaler(field); b != nil {
return b.UnmarshalBinary([]byte(value))
}
if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
typ = typ.Elem()
if field.IsNil() {
field.Set(reflect.New(typ))
}
field = field.Elem()
}
switch typ.Kind() {
case reflect.String:
field.SetString(value)
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
var (
val int64
err error
)
if field.Kind() == reflect.Int64 && typ.PkgPath() == "time" && typ.Name() == "Duration" {
var d time.Duration
d, err = time.ParseDuration(value)
val = int64(d)
} else {
val, err = strconv.ParseInt(value, 0, typ.Bits())
}
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
field.SetInt(val)
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
val, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 0, typ.Bits())
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
field.SetUint(val)
case reflect.Bool:
val, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
field.SetBool(val)
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
val, err := strconv.ParseFloat(value, typ.Bits())
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
field.SetFloat(val)
case reflect.Slice:
if config.ValuesBy == INDEX {
if field.IsNil() || field.IsZero() {
sl := reflect.MakeSlice(typ, 0, 0)
if typ.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
return errors.WithStack(errors.New("Not support uint8 slice field to be processed with index values_by tag"))
} else if strings.TrimSpace(value) != "" {
sl = reflect.MakeSlice(typ, 1, CAP_GROW_STEP)
err := processFieldWithConfig(value, sl.Index(0), config)
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
}
field.Set(sl)
} else {
size := field.Len()
if size >= int(math.Floor(float64(field.Cap())*0.75)) {
field.Grow(CAP_GROW_STEP)
}
field.SetLen(size + 1)
if typ.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
return errors.WithStack(errors.New("Not support uint8 slice field to be processed with index values_by tag"))
} else if strings.TrimSpace(value) != "" {
err := processFieldWithConfig(value, field.Index(size), config)
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
}
}
} else {
sl := reflect.MakeSlice(typ, 0, 0)
if typ.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
sl = reflect.ValueOf([]byte(value))
} else if strings.TrimSpace(value) != "" {
vals := strings.Split(value, ",")
sl = reflect.MakeSlice(typ, len(vals), len(vals))
for i, val := range vals {
err := processFieldWithConfig(val, sl.Index(i), config)
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
}
}
field.Set(sl)
}
case reflect.Map:
mp := reflect.MakeMap(typ)
if strings.TrimSpace(value) != "" {
pairs := strings.Split(value, ",")
for _, pair := range pairs {
kvpair := strings.Split(pair, ":")
if len(kvpair) != 2 {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid map item: %q", pair)
}
k := reflect.New(typ.Key()).Elem()
err := processFieldWithConfig(kvpair[0], k, config)
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
v := reflect.New(typ.Elem()).Elem()
err = processFieldWithConfig(kvpair[1], v, config)
if err != nil {
return errors.WithStack(err)
}
mp.SetMapIndex(k, v)
}
}
field.Set(mp)
}
return nil
}
func interfaceFrom(field reflect.Value, fn func(interface{}, *bool)) {
// it may be impossible for a struct field to fail this check
if !field.CanInterface() {
return
}
var ok bool
fn(field.Interface(), &ok)
if !ok && field.CanAddr() {
fn(field.Addr().Interface(), &ok)
}
}
func decoderFrom(field reflect.Value) (d Decoder) {
interfaceFrom(field, func(v interface{}, ok *bool) { d, *ok = v.(Decoder) })
return d
}
func setterFrom(field reflect.Value) (s Setter) {
interfaceFrom(field, func(v interface{}, ok *bool) { s, *ok = v.(Setter) })
return s
}
func textUnmarshaler(field reflect.Value) (t encoding.TextUnmarshaler) {
interfaceFrom(field, func(v interface{}, ok *bool) { t, *ok = v.(encoding.TextUnmarshaler) })
return t
}
func binaryUnmarshaler(field reflect.Value) (b encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler) {
interfaceFrom(field, func(v interface{}, ok *bool) { b, *ok = v.(encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler) })
return b
}
func isTrue(s string) bool {
b, _ := strconv.ParseBool(s)
return b
}