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+++ title = "Data Types" weight = 4 +++

This section will be reference documentation for the data types used by our filesystem.

Internal types

These types are only used inside of Clay. These are only relevant if you're working directly on Clay itself, or trying to understand its inner workings.

cane

The set of changes between the mergebase and one of the desks being merged.

+$  cane
  $:  new=(map path lobe)
      cal=(map path lobe)
      can=(map path cage)
      old=(map path ~)
  ==
  • new is the set of files in the new desk and not in the mergebase.
  • cal is the set of changes in the new desk from the mergebase except for any that are also in the other new desk.
  • can is the set of changes in the new desk from the mergebase and that are also in the other new desk (potential conflicts).
  • old is the set of files in the mergebase and not in the new desk.

melt

State for ongoing %fuse merges.

+$  melt  [bas=beak con=(list [beak germ]) sto=(map beak (unit domo))]
  • con maintains the ordering.
  • sto stores the data needed to merge.
  • bas is the base beak for the merge.

dojo

Domestic desk state

+$  dojo
  $:  qyx=cult                        ::  subscribers
      dom=dome                        ::  desk state
      per=regs                        ::  read perms per path
      pew=regs                        ::  write perms per path
      fiz=melt                        ::  state for mega merges
  ==

This is the all the data that is specific to a particular desk on a domestic ship.

  • qyx is the set of subscribers to this desk.
  • dom is the data in the desk.
  • per is a map of read permissions by path.
  • pew is a map of write permissions by path.
  • fiz is the state for ongoing %fuse merges.

nako

New desk data

+$  nako                                                ::  subscription state
  $:  gar=(map aeon tako)                               ::  new ids
      let=aeon                                          ::  next id
      lar=(set yaki)                                    ::  new commits
      bar=~                                             ::  new content
  ==                                                    ::

Sent to other ships to update them about a particular desk. Includes a map of all new aeons to hashes of their commits, the most recent aeon, and sets of all new commits and data. bar is always empty now because we expect you to request any data you don't have yet.

raft

Formal state

+$  raft                                    ::  filesystem
  $:  rom=room                              ::  domestic
      hoy=(map ship rung)                   ::  foreign
      ran=rang                              ::  hashes
      fad=flow                              ::  ford cache
      mon=(map term beam)                   ::  mount points
      hez=(unit duct)                       ::  sync duct
      cez=(map @ta crew)                    ::  permission groups
      tyr=(set duct)                        ::  app subs
      tur=rock:tire                         ::  last tire
      pud=(unit [=desk =yoki])              ::  pending update
      bug=[veb=@ mas=@]                     ::  verbosity
  ==                                        ::

This is the state of the vane. Anything that must be remembered between calls to Clay is stored in this state.

  • rom: the state for all local desks. It consists of a duct to Dill and a collection of desks.
  • hoy: the state for all foreign desks.
  • ran: the global, hash-addressed object store. It has maps of commit hashes to commits and content hashes to content.
  • fad: the global build cache. Each desk has its own fast-lookup index over this global cache.
  • mon: a collection of Unix mount points. term is the mount point (relative to th pier) and beam is a domestic Clay directory.
  • hez: the duct used to sync with Unix.
  • cez: a collection of named aermission groups.
  • tyr: app subscriptions.
  • tur: records whether apps are running and which kernel versions they're compatible with.
  • pud: an update that's waiting on a kernel upgrade.
  • bug: sets Clay's verbosity.

rand

Unvalidated response to a request.

+$  rand                                                ::  unvalidated rant
          $:  p=[p=care q=case r=@tas]                  ::  clade release book
              q=path                                    ::  spur
              r=page                                    ::  data
          ==                                            ::

Like a $rant, but with a page of data rather than a cage of it.

rede

Generic desk state

+$  rede                                                ::  universal project
          $:  lim=@da                                   ::  complete to
              ref=(unit rind)                           ::  outgoing requests
              qyx=cult                                  ::  subscribers
              dom=dome                                  ::  revision state
              per=regs                                  ::  read perms per path
              pew=regs                                  ::  write perms per path
              fiz=melt                                  ::  domestic mega merges
          ==                                            ::

This is our knowledge of the state of a desk, either foreign or domestic.

  • lim: the most recent @da for which we're confident we have all the information for. For local desks, this is always now. For foriegn desks, this is the last time we got a full update from the foreign ship.
  • ref: the request manager for the desk. For domestic desks, this is null since we handle requests ourselves. For foreign desks, this keeps track of all pending foriegn requests plus a cache of the responses to previous requests.
  • qyx: the set of subscriptions to this desk, with listening ducts. These subscriptions exist only until they've been filled. For domestic desks, this is simply qyx:dojo - all subscribers to the desk. For foreign desks this is all the subscribers from our ship to the foreign desk.
  • dom: the data in the desk.
  • per: a map of read permissions by path.
  • pew: a map of write permissions by path.
  • fiz: the state for ongoing %fuse merges.

rind

Foreign request manager

+$  rind                                                ::  request manager
  $:  nix=@ud                                           ::  request index
      bom=(map @ud update-state)                        ::  outstanding
      fod=(map duct @ud)                                ::  current requests
      haw=(map mood (unit cage))                        ::  simple cache
  ==                                                    ::

When we send a request to a foreign ship, we keep track of it in here.

  • nix: request counter.
  • bom: a map of request numbers to requests.
  • fod: reverse map of requesters to request numbers.
  • haw: a simple cache of common %sing requests.

bill

The list of agents that should be automatically started on a desk

+$  bill  (list dude:gall)

update-state

State of outstanding foreign request

+$  update-state
  $:  =duct
      =rave
      need=(list lobe)
      nako=(qeu (unit nako))
      busy=_|
  ==

An update-state is used to represent the status of an outstanding request to a foreign desk.

  • duct: the duct along which the request was made.
  • rave: the request itself.
  • need: a list of hashes yet to be acquired.
  • nako: a queue of data yet to be validated.
  • busy: tracks whether or not the request is currently being fulfilled.

room

Filesystem per domestic ship

+$  room                                         ::  fs per ship
          $:  hun=duct                           ::  terminal duct
              dos=(map desk dojo)                ::  native desk
          ==                                     ::

This is the representation of the filesystem of a ship on our pier.

  • hun: the duct we use to send messages to Dill to display notifications of filesystem changes. Only %note %gifts should be produced along this duct. This is set by the %init move.
  • dos: the set of desks on this ship, mapped to their desk state.

cach

Cached result of a request

+$  cach  (unit (unit cage))                            ::  cached result

wove

Stored source and request

+$  wove  [for=(unit [=ship ver=@ud]) =rove]          ::  stored source + req

rove

Stored request

+$  rove                                                ::  stored request
          $%  [%sing =mood]                             ::  single request
              [%next =mood aeon=(unit aeon) =cach]      ::  next version of one
              $:  %mult                                 ::  next version of any
                  =mool                                 ::  original request
                  aeon=(unit aeon)                      ::  checking for change
                  old-cach=(map [=care =path] cach)     ::  old version
                  new-cach=(map [=care =path] cach)     ::  new version
              ==                                        ::
              [%many track=? =moat lobes=(map path lobe)] ::  change range
          ==                                            ::

Like a $rave but with caches of current versions for %next and %many. Generally used when we store a request in our state somewhere.

rung

Foreign desk data

+$  rung
          $:  rus=(map desk rede)                       ::  neighbor desks
          ==

This contains the filesystem of a neighbour ship. The keys to this map are all the desks we know about on their ship.

External types

These types are defined in lull.hoon, and are used in Clay's external interface.

aeon

Desk revision number

+$  aeon  @ud

beam

Global name

+$  beam  [[p=ship q=desk r=case] s=path]

The full path to a file or directory.

beak

Path prefix

+$  beak  [p=ship q=desk r=case]

A $beam sans the specific file path.

cable

/lib, /sur or mark reference

+$  cable
  $:  face=(unit term)
      file-path=term
  ==

care

Clay submodule

+$  care
  $?  %a  %b  %c  %d  %e  %f
      %p  %q  %r  %s  %t  %u
      %v  %w  %x  %y  %z
  ==

This specifies what type of information is requested in a subscription or a scry.

  • %a: build a Hoon file at a path.
  • %b: build a dynamically typed mark by name (a $dais mark-interface core).
  • %c: build a dynamically typed mark conversion gate (a $tube) by "from" and "to" mark names.
  • %d: returns a (set desk) of the desks that exist on your ship.
  • %e: builds a statically typed mark by name (a $nave mark-interface core).
  • %f: builds a statically typed mark converstion gate.
  • %p: produces the permissions for a directory, returned as a [dict dict].
  • %r: requests the file in the same fashion as %x, but wraps the result in a vase.
  • %s: has miscellaneous debug endpoints.
  • %t: produces a (list path) of descendent paths for a directory within a yaki.
  • %u: produces a ? depending on whether or not the specified file exists. It does not check any of its children.
  • %v: requests the entire dome for a specified desk at a particular aeon. When used on a foreign desk, this get us up-to-date to the requested version.
  • %w: requests the revision number and date of the specified path, returned as a cass.
  • %x: requests the file at a specified path at the specified commit, returned as an @. If there is no node at that path or if the node has no contents (that is, if fil:ankh is null), then this crashes.
  • %y: requests an arch of the specfied commit at the specified path. It will return the bunt of an arch if the file or directory is not found.
  • %z: requests a recursive hash of a node and all its children, returned as a @uxI.

See the scry reference for more details.

cash

case or tako

+$  cash
  $%  [%tako p=tako]
      case
  ==

cass

Cases for revision

+$  cass  [ud=@ud da=@da]

This is returned by a %w read.

clue

Tombstone target

+$  clue
  $%  [%lobe =lobe]
      [%all ~]
      [%pick ~]
      [%norm =ship =desk =norm]
      [%worn =ship =desk =tako =norm]
      [%seek =ship =desk =cash]
  ==
  • %lobe: specific lobe.
  • %all: all safe tombstone targets.
  • %pick: collect garbage.
  • %norm: set default norm.
  • %worn: set norm for a specific commit.
  • %seek: backfill tombstoned commit.

cone

Domes

+$  cone  (map [ship desk] dome)

dome

Desk data

+$  dome
  $:  let=aeon
      hit=(map aeon tako)
      lab=(map @tas aeon)
      tom=(map tako norm)
      nor=norm
      mim=(map path mime)
      fod=flue
      wic=(map weft yoki)
      liv=zest
      ren=rein
  ==

A dome is the state of a desk and associated data.

  • let is the number of the most recently numbered commit. This is also the total number of numbered commits.
  • hit is a map of numerical IDs to commit hashes. These hashes are mapped into their associated commits in the $rang of the the $raft of Clay. In general, the keys of this map are exactly the numbers from 1 to let, with no gaps. Of course, when there are no numbered commits, let is 0, so hit is null. Additionally, each of the commits is an ancestor of every commit numbered greater than this one. Thus, each is a descendant of every commit numbered less than this one. Since it is true that the date in each commit (t.yaki) is no earlier than that of each of its parents, the numbered commits are totally ordered in the same way by both pedigree and date. If that sounds too complicated to you, don't worry about it. It basically behaves exactly as you would expect.
  • lab is a map of textual labels to numbered commits. Labels must be unique across a desk.
  • tom contains the tombstoning policies for all files in the desk.
  • nor is the default tombstoning policy.
  • mim is a cache of the content in the directories that are mounted to Unix.
  • fod is the Ford cache, which keeps a cache of the results of builds performed at this desk's current revision, including a full transitive closure of dependencies for each completed build.
  • wic contains commits waiting for future kernel versions.
  • liv says whether agents on the desk are running or suspended.
  • ren records which agents have been forced on or off, differing from the desk's desk.bill manifest.

crew

Permission group

+$  crew  (set ship)

dict

Effective permission

+$  dict  [src=path rul=real]

domo

Project state

+$  dome
  $:  let=@ud
      hit=(map @ud tako)
      lab=(map @tas @ud)
  ==
  • let: current revision number
  • hit: map of revisions to their commit hashes
  • lab: map of labels to their revision numbers

germ

Merge strategy

+$  germ            ::  merge style
  $?  %init         ::  new desk
      %fine         ::  fast forward
      %meet         ::  orthogonal files
      %mate         ::  orthogonal changes
      %meld         ::  force merge
      %only-this    ::  ours with parents
      %only-that    ::  hers with parents
      %take-this    ::  ours unless absent
      %take-that    ::  hers unless absent
      %meet-this    ::  ours if conflict
      %meet-that    ::  hers if conflict
  ==                ::

See the Strategies section of "Using Clay" for further details of their meaning.

lobe

File reference

+$  lobe  @uvI

This is a hash of a page. These are most notably used in lat.rang, where they are associated with the actual page, and as the values in q.yaki, where paths are associated with their content hashes in a commit.

miso

File delta

+$  miso
  $%  [%del ~]
      [%ins p=cage]
      [%dif p=cage]
      [%mut p=cage]
  ==

There are four kinds of changes that may be made to a node in a desk.

  • %del: deletes the node.
  • %ins: inserts a file given by p.
  • %dif: currently unimplemented. This may seem strange, so we remark that diffs for individual files are implemented using +diff and +pact in marks. So for an ankh, which may include both files and directories, %dif being unimplemented really just means that we do not yet have a formal concept of changes in directory structure.
  • %mut: mutates the file using raw data given by p.

misu

Computed delta

+$  misu
  $%  [%del ~]
      [%ins p=cage]
      [%dif p=lobe q=cage]
  ==
  • %del: deletes the node.
  • %ins: inserts file p.
  • %dif: currently unimplemented.

mizu

New state

+$  mizu  [p=@u q=(map @ud tako) r=rang]

moar

Normal change range

+$  moar  [p=@ud q=@ud]

moat

Range subscription request

+$  moat  [from=case to=case =path]

This represents a request for all changes between from and to on path. You will be notified when a change is made to the node referenced by the path or to any of its children.

mode

External files

+$  mode  (list [path (unit mime)])

This is used when there's a commit from the host system.

mood

Single subscription request

+$  mood  [=care =case =path]

This represents a request for data related to the state of the desk at a particular commit, specfied by case. The care specifies what kind of information is desired, and the path specifies the path we are requesting.

mool

Requests in desk

+$  mool  [=case paths=(set (pair care path))]

This is used in a %mult rave to specify the next version of multiple files with multiple cares.

nori

Repository action

+$  nori
  $%  [%& p=soba]
      [%| p=@tas q=(unit aeon)]
  ==

This describes a change that we are asking Clay to make to the desk. There are two kinds of changes that may be made: we can modify files or we can apply a label to a commit.

In the & case, we will apply the given changes. In the | case, we will apply the given label to the commit specified in q, or the current one if it's null.

nuri

Repository action

+$  nuri
  $%  [%& p=suba]
      [%| p=@tas]
  ==

Same as a nori but a suba rather than soba.

norm

Tombstone policy.

+$  norm  (axal ?)

An axal is a recursive directory structure. For each file, a ? says whether it should be tombstoned or not.

open

Get prelude

+$  open  $-(path vase)

This defines the type of a function for retrieving imported files.

page

A raw, unvalidated file.

+$  page  ^page

This is just the page defined in arvo.hoon: a pair of a mark and a noun.

pour

Ford build with content.

+$  pour
  $%  [%file =path]
      [%nave =mark]
      [%dais =mark]
      [%cast =mars]
      [%tube =mars]
      ::  leafs
      ::
      [%vale =path =lobe]
      [%arch =path =(map path lobe)]
  ==

Like a $mist except the leaf nodes (files and directories) contain the $lobe (content hash).

rang

Data repository

+$  rang
  $:  hut=(map tako yaki)
      lat=(map lobe page)
  ==

This is a data repository keyed by hash. Thus, this is where the "real" data is stored, but it is only meaningful if we know the hash of what we're looking for.

hut is a map from commit hashes (takos) to commits (yakis). We often get the hashes from hit.dome, which keys them by numerical id.

lat is a map from content hashes (lobes) to the actual content (pages). We often get the hashes from a yaki, which references this map to get the data. There is no page in yaki. They are only accessible through lat.

rant

Response data

+$  rant
  $:  p=[p=care q=case r=desk]
      q=path
      r=cage
  ==

This is the data associated to the response to a request.

  • p.p: specifies the type of data that was requested (and is produced).
  • q.p: gives the specific version reported (since a range of versions may be requested in a subscription).
  • r.p: the desk.
  • q: the path to the filesystem node.
  • r: is the data itself (in the format specified by p.p).

rave

General subscription request

+$  rave
  $%  [%sing =mood]
      [%next =mood]
      [%mult =mool]
      [%many track=? =moat]
  ==

This represents a subscription request for a desk.

  • %sing: asks for data at single revision.
  • %next: asks to be notified the next time there’s a change to the specified file.
  • %mult: asks to be notified the next time there's a change to a specified set of files.
  • %many: asks to be notified on every change in a desk for a range of changes (including into the future).

real

Resolved permissions

+$  real
  $:  mod=?(%black %white)
      who=(pair (set ship) (map @ta crew))
  ==
  • mod: whether it's a blacklist or whitelist.
  • who: the ships who are blacklisted/whitelisted. It can have both individual ships as well as crew (permission groups).

regs

Permission rules for paths

+$  regs  (map path rule)

A map from file/directory paths to permission rules.

rein

Forced on/off apps

+$  rein  (map dude:gall ?)

A dude:gall is the name of a Gall agent and the ? is whether it's forced on or off. An app is forced when it's started despite not being on the desk.bill manifest or stopped when it is on the manifest.

riff

Request/desist

+$  riff  [p=desk q=(unit rave)]

This represents a request for data about a particular desk. If q contains a rave, then this opens a subscription to the desk for that data. If q is null, then this tells Clay to cancel the subscription along this duct.

riff-any

Versioned riff

  +$  riff-any
    $%  [%1 =riff]
    ==

Currently there's only one version.

rite

New permissions

+$  rite
  $%  [%r red=(unit rule)]
      [%w wit=(unit rule)]
      [%rw red=(unit rule) wit=(unit rule)]
  ==
  • %r: read permissions.
  • %w: write permissions.
  • %rw: both read and write permissions.

riot

Response

+$  riot  (unit rant)

A riot is a response to a subscription. If null, the subscription has been completed, and no more responses will be sent. Otherwise, the rant is the produced data.

rule

Node permission

+$  rule  [mod=?(%black %white) who=(set whom)]
  • mod: whether it's a blacklist or whitelist.
  • who: the ships or permission groups on the list.

rump

Relative path

+$  rump  [p=care q=case r=@tas s=path]

saba

Patch plus merge

+$  saba  [p=ship q=@tas r=moar s=dome]

soak

Ford result

+$  soak
  $%  [%cage =cage]
      [%vase =vase]
      [%arch dir=(map @ta vase)]
      [%dais =dais]
      [%tube =tube]
  ==

The actual data in the Ford cache.

soba

Delta

+$  soba  (list [p=path q=miso])

This describes a list of changes to make to a desk. The paths are paths to files to be changed, and the corresponding miso value is a description of the change itself.

suba

Delta

+$  suba  (list [p=path q=misu])

Same as a soba but with a misu rather than miso.

tako

Commit reference

+$  tako  @uvI

This is a hash of a yaki, a commit. These are most notably used as the keys in hut.rang, where they are associated with the actual yaki, and as the values in hit.dome, where sequential numerical ids are associated with these.

toro

General change

+$  toro  [p=@ta q=nori]

unce

Change part of a list.

++  unce
  |*  a=mold
  $%  [%& p=@ud]
      [%| p=(list a) q=(list a)]
  ==

This is a single change in a list of elements of type a. For example, (unce @t) is a single change in lines of text.

  • %&: the next p lines are unchanged.
  • %|: the lines p have changed to q.

urge

List change

++  urge  |*(a=mold (list (unce a)))

This is a parametrized type for list changes. For example, (urge @t) is a list change for lines of text.

waft

Kelvin range

+$  waft
  $^  [[%1 ~] p=(set weft)]
  weft

A waft is the result of reading a sys.kelvin file in a desk. It lists all the wefts (kernel versions) a desk is compatible with. It may either be a single weft like [%zuse 417], or a range like:

[[%1 ~] (silt zuse+417 zuse+416 ~)]

whom

Ship or named crew

+$  whom  (each ship @ta)

Either a single ship or a set of ships in a crew (permission group). This is used for read/write permissions.

yoki

Commit

+$  yoki  (each yuki yaki)

Either a yuki or a yaki. A yuki is a proto-commit, a yaki is a final commit whose data is entirely in the general object store.

yuki

Proto-commit

+$  yuki
  $:  p=(list tako)
      q=(map path (each page lobe))
  ==

A yuki is a proto-commit: a new, proposed commit that has not yet been finalized. This is in contrast to a yaki. The main difference is that a yuki may contain actual data, while a yaki only contains lobes ( content hashes used as references to data in the general object store).

  • p: commit references of any parents.
  • q: a map from file paths to either page data or lobes.

yaki

Finalized commit

+$  yaki
  $:  p=(list tako)
      q=(map path lobe)
      r=tako
      t=@da
  ==
  • p: a list of the hashes of the parents of this commit. In most cases, this will be a single commit, but in a merge there may be more parents.
  • q: is a map of the paths on a desk to the content hashes at that location. If you understand what a lobe and a page is, then the type signature here tells the whole story.
  • r: is the hash associated with this commit.
  • t: is the date at which this commit was made.

zest

How live

+$  zest  $~(%dead ?(%dead %live %held))

This represents the state of apps on the desk.

  • %dead: suspended.
  • %held: suspended pending compatible system update.
  • %live: running.

rock:tire

App states

+$  rock  (map desk [=zest wic=(set weft)])
  • zest says whether the desk is running or suspended.
  • wic is the set of kernel versions (wefts) for which the desk has queued commits awaiting kernel updates.

wave:tire

App state changes

+$  wave
  $%  [%wait =desk =weft]
      [%warp =desk =weft]
      [%zest =desk =zest]
  ==
  • %wait: blocked commit by weft.
  • %warp: unblocked commit by weft.
  • %zest: desk is now running/suspended/held.

leak

Ford cache key

+$  leak
  $~  [*pour ~]
  $:  =pour
      deps=(set leak)
  ==

This includes all build inputs, including transitive dependencies, recursively.

flow

Global Ford cache

+$  flow  (map leak [refs=@ud =soak])

Refcount includes references from other items in the cache, and from spills in each desk.

This is optimized for minimizing the number of rebuilds, and given that, minimizing the amount of memory used. It is relatively slow to lookup, because generating a cache key can be fairly slow (for files, it requires parsing; for tubes, it even requires building the marks).

flue

Per-desk build cache

+$  flue  [spill=(set leak) sprig=(map mist [=leak =soak])]
  • spill is the set of "roots" we have into the global ford cache. We add a root for everything referenced directly or indirectly on a desk, then invalidate them on commit only if their dependencies change.
  • sprig is a fast-lookup index over the global ford cache. The only goal is to make cache hits fast.

mist

Ford build without content

+$  mist
  $%  [%file =path]
      [%nave =mark]
      [%dais =mark]
      [%cast =mars]
      [%tube =mars]
      [%vale =path]
      [%arch =path]
  ==

This is used at the index of sprigs in $flues.

pile

Preprocessed hoon source file

+$  pile
  $:  sur=(list taut)
      lib=(list taut)
      raw=(list [face=term =path])
      raz=(list [face=term =spec =path])
      maz=(list [face=term =mark])
      caz=(list [face=term =mars])
      bar=(list [face=term =mark =path])
      =hoon
  ==
  • sur: surface imports from /sur (/-).
  • lib: library imports from /lib (/+).
  • raw: imports built hoon file at path (/=).
  • raz: imports built hoon files from directory (/~).
  • maz: imports mark definition from /mar (/%).
  • caz: imports mark converter from /mar (/$).
  • bar: unbuilt file imports, as mark (/*).
  • hoon: the rest of the hoon file.

taut

File import from /lib or /sur

+$  taut  [face=(unit term) pax=term]

mars

Mark conversion request

+$  mars  [a=mark b=mark]

From a to b.

tube

Mark conversion gate

+$  tube  $-(vase vase)

A gate that takes a vase and produces a vase. This is the type of mark convertion gate returned by %c-care scries and read requests.