Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
91 lines (60 loc) · 2.95 KB

Day16.md

File metadata and controls

91 lines (60 loc) · 2.95 KB
Raw

Internet - History & the Big Picture

  • Q. What do we mean by Computer Network?
    • Computers connected together & communicating with each other
  • **COMPUTER** → Commonly Oriented Machine Particularly Used For Training Education & Research
  • What is Internet?

    • Collection of these computer networks

    • On a global scale, these connection collectively are known as Internet

How it all started - The Internet

History

  • During the time of the Cold War (USA vs Soviet Union)
  • Very 1st satellite by Russia → Sputnik
  • USA started a program called **ARPA**
    • Advanced Research Project Agency
  • ARPA-Net → Internal network that was built to communicate between different centers of ARPA
    • Total centers that ARPA had: (connected with each other)
      1. MIT
      2. Stanford
      3. UCLA
      4. University Of Utah
  • ARPA-Net used **TCP** (Transmission Control Protocol)
  • What is a protocol? (In simple terms)
    • We are trying to send different types of things using the internet
    • Certain rules are set up by people & organisations, for transfering any amount of data across the internet
      • Called as Protocols

WWW - World Wide Web

  • Co-invented by Tim Berners-Lee

  • To be able to share as many documents as possible & all of them connected through a link

  • WWW basically stores all these documents (being sent over through the internet) & allows to access them through a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

  • World’s first website →

  • These pages are published by Web-servers

  • Now, the search feature was not available here & we could not scale the applications due to this!

    • Search Engines like Yahoo was developed for this

Client-Server Architecture

  • Localhost → the same computer is acting as a server & a client

Protocols

  • In order to communicate with one another over the internet, its important to have & follow set of rules & regulations.

  • Q. Who writes all these rules?

  • Some of the basic protocols:

    1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

      • Ensures that the data is reached to the destination without being corrupt or compromised

    2. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

      • used to establish low-latency and loss-tolerating connections between applications on the internet.

      • Loss-tolerating → means that it can handle some loss of data while being transferred

        Example: Streaming audio & video

    3. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

      • Used by WWW
      • Defines the format of the data transfer between clients & servers

Resources Used