transmuxer.js

/**
 * mux.js
 *
 * Copyright (c) Brightcove
 * Licensed Apache-2.0 https://github.com/videojs/mux.js/blob/master/LICENSE
 *
 * A stream-based mp2t to mp4 converter. This utility can be used to
 * deliver mp4s to a SourceBuffer on platforms that support native
 * Media Source Extensions.
 */
'use strict';

var Stream = require('../utils/stream.js');
var mp4 = require('./mp4-generator.js');
var frameUtils = require('./frame-utils');
var audioFrameUtils = require('./audio-frame-utils');
var trackDecodeInfo = require('./track-decode-info');
var m2ts = require('../m2ts/m2ts.js');
var clock = require('../utils/clock');
var AdtsStream = require('../codecs/adts.js');
var H264Stream = require('../codecs/h264').H264Stream;
var AacStream = require('../aac');
var isLikelyAacData = require('../aac/utils').isLikelyAacData;
var ONE_SECOND_IN_TS = require('../utils/clock').ONE_SECOND_IN_TS;
var AUDIO_PROPERTIES = require('../constants/audio-properties.js');
var VIDEO_PROPERTIES = require('../constants/video-properties.js');

// object types
var VideoSegmentStream, AudioSegmentStream, Transmuxer, CoalesceStream;

var retriggerForStream = function(key, event) {
  event.stream = key;
  this.trigger('log', event);
};

var addPipelineLogRetriggers = function(transmuxer, pipeline) {
  var keys = Object.keys(pipeline);

  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    var key = keys[i];

    // skip non-stream keys and headOfPipeline
    // which is just a duplicate
    if (key === 'headOfPipeline' || !pipeline[key].on) {
      continue;
    }

    pipeline[key].on('log', retriggerForStream.bind(transmuxer, key));
  }
};

/**
 * Compare two arrays (even typed) for same-ness
 */
var arrayEquals = function(a, b) {
  var
    i;

  if (a.length !== b.length) {
    return false;
  }

  // compare the value of each element in the array
  for (i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
    if (a[i] !== b[i]) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
};

var generateSegmentTimingInfo = function(
  baseMediaDecodeTime,
  startDts,
  startPts,
  endDts,
  endPts,
  prependedContentDuration
) {
  var
    ptsOffsetFromDts = startPts - startDts,
    decodeDuration = endDts - startDts,
    presentationDuration = endPts - startPts;

  // The PTS and DTS values are based on the actual stream times from the segment,
  // however, the player time values will reflect a start from the baseMediaDecodeTime.
  // In order to provide relevant values for the player times, base timing info on the
  // baseMediaDecodeTime and the DTS and PTS durations of the segment.
  return {
    start: {
      dts: baseMediaDecodeTime,
      pts: baseMediaDecodeTime + ptsOffsetFromDts
    },
    end: {
      dts: baseMediaDecodeTime + decodeDuration,
      pts: baseMediaDecodeTime + presentationDuration
    },
    prependedContentDuration: prependedContentDuration,
    baseMediaDecodeTime: baseMediaDecodeTime
  };
};

/**
 * Constructs a single-track, ISO BMFF media segment from AAC data
 * events. The output of this stream can be fed to a SourceBuffer
 * configured with a suitable initialization segment.
 * @param track {object} track metadata configuration
 * @param options {object} transmuxer options object
 * @param options.keepOriginalTimestamps {boolean} If true, keep the timestamps
 *        in the source; false to adjust the first segment to start at 0.
 */
AudioSegmentStream = function(track, options) {
  var
    adtsFrames = [],
    sequenceNumber,
    earliestAllowedDts = 0,
    audioAppendStartTs = 0,
    videoBaseMediaDecodeTime = Infinity;

  options = options || {};

  sequenceNumber = options.firstSequenceNumber || 0;

  AudioSegmentStream.prototype.init.call(this);

  this.push = function(data) {
    trackDecodeInfo.collectDtsInfo(track, data);

    if (track) {
      AUDIO_PROPERTIES.forEach(function(prop) {
        track[prop] = data[prop];
      });
    }

    // buffer audio data until end() is called
    adtsFrames.push(data);
  };

  this.setEarliestDts = function(earliestDts) {
    earliestAllowedDts = earliestDts;
  };

  this.setVideoBaseMediaDecodeTime = function(baseMediaDecodeTime) {
    videoBaseMediaDecodeTime = baseMediaDecodeTime;
  };

  this.setAudioAppendStart = function(timestamp) {
    audioAppendStartTs = timestamp;
  };

  this.flush = function() {
    var
      frames,
      moof,
      mdat,
      boxes,
      frameDuration,
      segmentDuration,
      videoClockCyclesOfSilencePrefixed;

    // return early if no audio data has been observed
    if (adtsFrames.length === 0) {
      this.trigger('done', 'AudioSegmentStream');
      return;
    }

    frames = audioFrameUtils.trimAdtsFramesByEarliestDts(
      adtsFrames, track, earliestAllowedDts);
    track.baseMediaDecodeTime = trackDecodeInfo.calculateTrackBaseMediaDecodeTime(
      track, options.keepOriginalTimestamps);

    // amount of audio filled but the value is in video clock rather than audio clock
    videoClockCyclesOfSilencePrefixed = audioFrameUtils.prefixWithSilence(
      track, frames, audioAppendStartTs, videoBaseMediaDecodeTime);

    // we have to build the index from byte locations to
    // samples (that is, adts frames) in the audio data
    track.samples = audioFrameUtils.generateSampleTable(frames);

    // concatenate the audio data to constuct the mdat
    mdat = mp4.mdat(audioFrameUtils.concatenateFrameData(frames));

    adtsFrames = [];

    moof = mp4.moof(sequenceNumber, [track]);
    boxes = new Uint8Array(moof.byteLength + mdat.byteLength);

    // bump the sequence number for next time
    sequenceNumber++;

    boxes.set(moof);
    boxes.set(mdat, moof.byteLength);

    trackDecodeInfo.clearDtsInfo(track);

    frameDuration = Math.ceil(ONE_SECOND_IN_TS * 1024 / track.samplerate);

    // TODO this check was added to maintain backwards compatibility (particularly with
    // tests) on adding the timingInfo event. However, it seems unlikely that there's a
    // valid use-case where an init segment/data should be triggered without associated
    // frames. Leaving for now, but should be looked into.
    if (frames.length) {
      segmentDuration = frames.length * frameDuration;

      this.trigger(
        'segmentTimingInfo',
        generateSegmentTimingInfo(
          // The audio track's baseMediaDecodeTime is in audio clock cycles, but the
          // frame info is in video clock cycles. Convert to match expectation of
          // listeners (that all timestamps will be based on video clock cycles).
          clock.audioTsToVideoTs(track.baseMediaDecodeTime, track.samplerate),
          // frame times are already in video clock, as is segment duration
          frames[0].dts,
          frames[0].pts,
          frames[0].dts + segmentDuration,
          frames[0].pts + segmentDuration,
          videoClockCyclesOfSilencePrefixed || 0
        )
      );

      this.trigger('timingInfo', {
        start: frames[0].pts,
        end: frames[0].pts + segmentDuration
      });
    }
    this.trigger('data', {track: track, boxes: boxes});
    this.trigger('done', 'AudioSegmentStream');
  };

  this.reset = function() {
    trackDecodeInfo.clearDtsInfo(track);
    adtsFrames = [];
    this.trigger('reset');
  };
};

AudioSegmentStream.prototype = new Stream();

/**
 * Constructs a single-track, ISO BMFF media segment from H264 data
 * events. The output of this stream can be fed to a SourceBuffer
 * configured with a suitable initialization segment.
 * @param track {object} track metadata configuration
 * @param options {object} transmuxer options object
 * @param options.alignGopsAtEnd {boolean} If true, start from the end of the
 *        gopsToAlignWith list when attempting to align gop pts
 * @param options.keepOriginalTimestamps {boolean} If true, keep the timestamps
 *        in the source; false to adjust the first segment to start at 0.
 */
VideoSegmentStream = function(track, options) {
  var
    sequenceNumber,
    nalUnits = [],
    gopsToAlignWith = [],
    config,
    pps;

  options = options || {};

  sequenceNumber = options.firstSequenceNumber || 0;

  VideoSegmentStream.prototype.init.call(this);

  delete track.minPTS;

  this.gopCache_ = [];

  /**
    * Constructs a ISO BMFF segment given H264 nalUnits
    * @param {Object} nalUnit A data event representing a nalUnit
    * @param {String} nalUnit.nalUnitType
    * @param {Object} nalUnit.config Properties for a mp4 track
    * @param {Uint8Array} nalUnit.data The nalUnit bytes
    * @see lib/codecs/h264.js
   **/
  this.push = function(nalUnit) {
    trackDecodeInfo.collectDtsInfo(track, nalUnit);

    // record the track config
    if (nalUnit.nalUnitType === 'seq_parameter_set_rbsp' && !config) {
      config = nalUnit.config;
      track.sps = [nalUnit.data];

      VIDEO_PROPERTIES.forEach(function(prop) {
        track[prop] = config[prop];
      }, this);
    }

    if (nalUnit.nalUnitType === 'pic_parameter_set_rbsp' &&
        !pps) {
      pps = nalUnit.data;
      track.pps = [nalUnit.data];
    }

    // buffer video until flush() is called
    nalUnits.push(nalUnit);
  };

  /**
    * Pass constructed ISO BMFF track and boxes on to the
    * next stream in the pipeline
   **/
  this.flush = function() {
    var
      frames,
      gopForFusion,
      gops,
      moof,
      mdat,
      boxes,
      prependedContentDuration = 0,
      firstGop,
      lastGop;

    // Throw away nalUnits at the start of the byte stream until
    // we find the first AUD
    while (nalUnits.length) {
      if (nalUnits[0].nalUnitType === 'access_unit_delimiter_rbsp') {
        break;
      }
      nalUnits.shift();
    }

    // Return early if no video data has been observed
    if (nalUnits.length === 0) {
      this.resetStream_();
      this.trigger('done', 'VideoSegmentStream');
      return;
    }

    // Organize the raw nal-units into arrays that represent
    // higher-level constructs such as frames and gops
    // (group-of-pictures)
    frames = frameUtils.groupNalsIntoFrames(nalUnits);
    gops = frameUtils.groupFramesIntoGops(frames);

    // If the first frame of this fragment is not a keyframe we have
    // a problem since MSE (on Chrome) requires a leading keyframe.
    //
    // We have two approaches to repairing this situation:
    // 1) GOP-FUSION:
    //    This is where we keep track of the GOPS (group-of-pictures)
    //    from previous fragments and attempt to find one that we can
    //    prepend to the current fragment in order to create a valid
    //    fragment.
    // 2) KEYFRAME-PULLING:
    //    Here we search for the first keyframe in the fragment and
    //    throw away all the frames between the start of the fragment
    //    and that keyframe. We then extend the duration and pull the
    //    PTS of the keyframe forward so that it covers the time range
    //    of the frames that were disposed of.
    //
    // #1 is far prefereable over #2 which can cause "stuttering" but
    // requires more things to be just right.
    if (!gops[0][0].keyFrame) {
      // Search for a gop for fusion from our gopCache
      gopForFusion = this.getGopForFusion_(nalUnits[0], track);

      if (gopForFusion) {
        // in order to provide more accurate timing information about the segment, save
        // the number of seconds prepended to the original segment due to GOP fusion
        prependedContentDuration = gopForFusion.duration;

        gops.unshift(gopForFusion);
        // Adjust Gops' metadata to account for the inclusion of the
        // new gop at the beginning
        gops.byteLength += gopForFusion.byteLength;
        gops.nalCount += gopForFusion.nalCount;
        gops.pts = gopForFusion.pts;
        gops.dts = gopForFusion.dts;
        gops.duration += gopForFusion.duration;
      } else {
        // If we didn't find a candidate gop fall back to keyframe-pulling
        gops = frameUtils.extendFirstKeyFrame(gops);
      }
    }

    // Trim gops to align with gopsToAlignWith
    if (gopsToAlignWith.length) {
      var alignedGops;

      if (options.alignGopsAtEnd) {
        alignedGops = this.alignGopsAtEnd_(gops);
      } else {
        alignedGops = this.alignGopsAtStart_(gops);
      }

      if (!alignedGops) {
        // save all the nals in the last GOP into the gop cache
        this.gopCache_.unshift({
          gop: gops.pop(),
          pps: track.pps,
          sps: track.sps
        });

        // Keep a maximum of 6 GOPs in the cache
        this.gopCache_.length = Math.min(6, this.gopCache_.length);

        // Clear nalUnits
        nalUnits = [];

        // return early no gops can be aligned with desired gopsToAlignWith
        this.resetStream_();
        this.trigger('done', 'VideoSegmentStream');
        return;
      }

      // Some gops were trimmed. clear dts info so minSegmentDts and pts are correct
      // when recalculated before sending off to CoalesceStream
      trackDecodeInfo.clearDtsInfo(track);

      gops = alignedGops;
    }

    trackDecodeInfo.collectDtsInfo(track, gops);

    // First, we have to build the index from byte locations to
    // samples (that is, frames) in the video data
    track.samples = frameUtils.generateSampleTable(gops);

    // Concatenate the video data and construct the mdat
    mdat = mp4.mdat(frameUtils.concatenateNalData(gops));

    track.baseMediaDecodeTime = trackDecodeInfo.calculateTrackBaseMediaDecodeTime(
      track, options.keepOriginalTimestamps);

    this.trigger('processedGopsInfo', gops.map(function(gop) {
      return {
        pts: gop.pts,
        dts: gop.dts,
        byteLength: gop.byteLength
      };
    }));

    firstGop = gops[0];
    lastGop = gops[gops.length - 1];

    this.trigger(
      'segmentTimingInfo',
      generateSegmentTimingInfo(
        track.baseMediaDecodeTime,
        firstGop.dts,
        firstGop.pts,
        lastGop.dts + lastGop.duration,
        lastGop.pts + lastGop.duration,
        prependedContentDuration));

    this.trigger('timingInfo', {
      start: gops[0].pts,
      end: gops[gops.length - 1].pts + gops[gops.length - 1].duration
    });

    // save all the nals in the last GOP into the gop cache
    this.gopCache_.unshift({
      gop: gops.pop(),
      pps: track.pps,
      sps: track.sps
    });

    // Keep a maximum of 6 GOPs in the cache
    this.gopCache_.length = Math.min(6, this.gopCache_.length);

    // Clear nalUnits
    nalUnits = [];

    this.trigger('baseMediaDecodeTime', track.baseMediaDecodeTime);
    this.trigger('timelineStartInfo', track.timelineStartInfo);

    moof = mp4.moof(sequenceNumber, [track]);

    // it would be great to allocate this array up front instead of
    // throwing away hundreds of media segment fragments
    boxes = new Uint8Array(moof.byteLength + mdat.byteLength);

    // Bump the sequence number for next time
    sequenceNumber++;

    boxes.set(moof);
    boxes.set(mdat, moof.byteLength);

    this.trigger('data', {track: track, boxes: boxes});

    this.resetStream_();

    // Continue with the flush process now
    this.trigger('done', 'VideoSegmentStream');
  };

  this.reset = function() {
    this.resetStream_();
    nalUnits = [];
    this.gopCache_.length = 0;
    gopsToAlignWith.length = 0;
    this.trigger('reset');
  };

  this.resetStream_ = function() {
    trackDecodeInfo.clearDtsInfo(track);

    // reset config and pps because they may differ across segments
    // for instance, when we are rendition switching
    config = undefined;
    pps = undefined;
  };

  // Search for a candidate Gop for gop-fusion from the gop cache and
  // return it or return null if no good candidate was found
  this.getGopForFusion_ = function(nalUnit) {
    var
      halfSecond = 45000, // Half-a-second in a 90khz clock
      allowableOverlap = 10000, // About 3 frames @ 30fps
      nearestDistance = Infinity,
      dtsDistance,
      nearestGopObj,
      currentGop,
      currentGopObj,
      i;

    // Search for the GOP nearest to the beginning of this nal unit
    for (i = 0; i < this.gopCache_.length; i++) {
      currentGopObj = this.gopCache_[i];
      currentGop = currentGopObj.gop;

      // Reject Gops with different SPS or PPS
      if (!(track.pps && arrayEquals(track.pps[0], currentGopObj.pps[0])) ||
          !(track.sps && arrayEquals(track.sps[0], currentGopObj.sps[0]))) {
        continue;
      }

      // Reject Gops that would require a negative baseMediaDecodeTime
      if (currentGop.dts < track.timelineStartInfo.dts) {
        continue;
      }

      // The distance between the end of the gop and the start of the nalUnit
      dtsDistance = (nalUnit.dts - currentGop.dts) - currentGop.duration;

      // Only consider GOPS that start before the nal unit and end within
      // a half-second of the nal unit
      if (dtsDistance >= -allowableOverlap &&
          dtsDistance <= halfSecond) {

        // Always use the closest GOP we found if there is more than
        // one candidate
        if (!nearestGopObj ||
            nearestDistance > dtsDistance) {
          nearestGopObj = currentGopObj;
          nearestDistance = dtsDistance;
        }
      }
    }

    if (nearestGopObj) {
      return nearestGopObj.gop;
    }
    return null;
  };

  // trim gop list to the first gop found that has a matching pts with a gop in the list
  // of gopsToAlignWith starting from the START of the list
  this.alignGopsAtStart_ = function(gops) {
    var alignIndex, gopIndex, align, gop, byteLength, nalCount, duration, alignedGops;

    byteLength = gops.byteLength;
    nalCount = gops.nalCount;
    duration = gops.duration;
    alignIndex = gopIndex = 0;

    while (alignIndex < gopsToAlignWith.length && gopIndex < gops.length) {
      align = gopsToAlignWith[alignIndex];
      gop = gops[gopIndex];

      if (align.pts === gop.pts) {
        break;
      }

      if (gop.pts > align.pts) {
        // this current gop starts after the current gop we want to align on, so increment
        // align index
        alignIndex++;
        continue;
      }

      // current gop starts before the current gop we want to align on. so increment gop
      // index
      gopIndex++;
      byteLength -= gop.byteLength;
      nalCount -= gop.nalCount;
      duration -= gop.duration;
    }

    if (gopIndex === 0) {
      // no gops to trim
      return gops;
    }

    if (gopIndex === gops.length) {
      // all gops trimmed, skip appending all gops
      return null;
    }

    alignedGops = gops.slice(gopIndex);
    alignedGops.byteLength = byteLength;
    alignedGops.duration = duration;
    alignedGops.nalCount = nalCount;
    alignedGops.pts = alignedGops[0].pts;
    alignedGops.dts = alignedGops[0].dts;

    return alignedGops;
  };

  // trim gop list to the first gop found that has a matching pts with a gop in the list
  // of gopsToAlignWith starting from the END of the list
  this.alignGopsAtEnd_ = function(gops) {
    var alignIndex, gopIndex, align, gop, alignEndIndex, matchFound;

    alignIndex = gopsToAlignWith.length - 1;
    gopIndex = gops.length - 1;
    alignEndIndex = null;
    matchFound = false;

    while (alignIndex >= 0 && gopIndex >= 0) {
      align = gopsToAlignWith[alignIndex];
      gop = gops[gopIndex];

      if (align.pts === gop.pts) {
        matchFound = true;
        break;
      }

      if (align.pts > gop.pts) {
        alignIndex--;
        continue;
      }

      if (alignIndex === gopsToAlignWith.length - 1) {
        // gop.pts is greater than the last alignment candidate. If no match is found
        // by the end of this loop, we still want to append gops that come after this
        // point
        alignEndIndex = gopIndex;
      }

      gopIndex--;
    }

    if (!matchFound && alignEndIndex === null) {
      return null;
    }

    var trimIndex;

    if (matchFound) {
      trimIndex = gopIndex;
    } else {
      trimIndex = alignEndIndex;
    }

    if (trimIndex === 0) {
      return gops;
    }

    var alignedGops = gops.slice(trimIndex);
    var metadata = alignedGops.reduce(function(total, gop) {
      total.byteLength += gop.byteLength;
      total.duration += gop.duration;
      total.nalCount += gop.nalCount;
      return total;
    }, { byteLength: 0, duration: 0, nalCount: 0 });

    alignedGops.byteLength = metadata.byteLength;
    alignedGops.duration = metadata.duration;
    alignedGops.nalCount = metadata.nalCount;
    alignedGops.pts = alignedGops[0].pts;
    alignedGops.dts = alignedGops[0].dts;

    return alignedGops;
  };

  this.alignGopsWith = function(newGopsToAlignWith) {
    gopsToAlignWith = newGopsToAlignWith;
  };
};

VideoSegmentStream.prototype = new Stream();

/**
 * A Stream that can combine multiple streams (ie. audio & video)
 * into a single output segment for MSE. Also supports audio-only
 * and video-only streams.
 * @param options {object} transmuxer options object
 * @param options.keepOriginalTimestamps {boolean} If true, keep the timestamps
 *        in the source; false to adjust the first segment to start at media timeline start.
 */
CoalesceStream = function(options, metadataStream) {
  // Number of Tracks per output segment
  // If greater than 1, we combine multiple
  // tracks into a single segment
  this.numberOfTracks = 0;
  this.metadataStream = metadataStream;

  options = options || {};

  if (typeof options.remux !== 'undefined') {
    this.remuxTracks = !!options.remux;
  } else {
    this.remuxTracks = true;
  }

  if (typeof options.keepOriginalTimestamps === 'boolean') {
    this.keepOriginalTimestamps = options.keepOriginalTimestamps;
  } else {
    this.keepOriginalTimestamps = false;
  }

  this.pendingTracks = [];
  this.videoTrack = null;
  this.pendingBoxes = [];
  this.pendingCaptions = [];
  this.pendingMetadata = [];
  this.pendingBytes = 0;
  this.emittedTracks = 0;

  CoalesceStream.prototype.init.call(this);

  // Take output from multiple
  this.push = function(output) {
    // buffer incoming captions until the associated video segment
    // finishes
    if (output.content || output.text) {
      return this.pendingCaptions.push(output);
    }
    // buffer incoming id3 tags until the final flush
    if (output.frames) {
      return this.pendingMetadata.push(output);
    }

    // Add this track to the list of pending tracks and store
    // important information required for the construction of
    // the final segment
    this.pendingTracks.push(output.track);
    this.pendingBytes += output.boxes.byteLength;

    // TODO: is there an issue for this against chrome?
    // We unshift audio and push video because
    // as of Chrome 75 when switching from
    // one init segment to another if the video
    // mdat does not appear after the audio mdat
    // only audio will play for the duration of our transmux.
    if (output.track.type === 'video') {
      this.videoTrack = output.track;
      this.pendingBoxes.push(output.boxes);
    }
    if (output.track.type === 'audio') {
      this.audioTrack = output.track;
      this.pendingBoxes.unshift(output.boxes);
    }
  };
};

CoalesceStream.prototype = new Stream();
CoalesceStream.prototype.flush = function(flushSource) {
  var
    offset = 0,
    event = {
      captions: [],
      captionStreams: {},
      metadata: [],
      info: {}
    },
    caption,
    id3,
    initSegment,
    timelineStartPts = 0,
    i;

  if (this.pendingTracks.length < this.numberOfTracks) {
    if (flushSource !== 'VideoSegmentStream' &&
        flushSource !== 'AudioSegmentStream') {
      // Return because we haven't received a flush from a data-generating
      // portion of the segment (meaning that we have only recieved meta-data
      // or captions.)
      return;
    } else if (this.remuxTracks) {
      // Return until we have enough tracks from the pipeline to remux (if we
      // are remuxing audio and video into a single MP4)
      return;
    } else if (this.pendingTracks.length === 0) {
      // In the case where we receive a flush without any data having been
      // received we consider it an emitted track for the purposes of coalescing
      // `done` events.
      // We do this for the case where there is an audio and video track in the
      // segment but no audio data. (seen in several playlists with alternate
      // audio tracks and no audio present in the main TS segments.)
      this.emittedTracks++;

      if (this.emittedTracks >= this.numberOfTracks) {
        this.trigger('done');
        this.emittedTracks = 0;
      }
      return;
    }
  }

  if (this.videoTrack) {
    timelineStartPts = this.videoTrack.timelineStartInfo.pts;
    VIDEO_PROPERTIES.forEach(function(prop) {
      event.info[prop] = this.videoTrack[prop];
    }, this);
  } else if (this.audioTrack) {
    timelineStartPts = this.audioTrack.timelineStartInfo.pts;
    AUDIO_PROPERTIES.forEach(function(prop) {
      event.info[prop] = this.audioTrack[prop];
    }, this);
  }

  if (this.videoTrack || this.audioTrack) {
    if (this.pendingTracks.length === 1) {
      event.type = this.pendingTracks[0].type;
    } else {
      event.type = 'combined';
    }

    this.emittedTracks += this.pendingTracks.length;

    initSegment = mp4.initSegment(this.pendingTracks);

    // Create a new typed array to hold the init segment
    event.initSegment = new Uint8Array(initSegment.byteLength);

    // Create an init segment containing a moov
    // and track definitions
    event.initSegment.set(initSegment);

    // Create a new typed array to hold the moof+mdats
    event.data = new Uint8Array(this.pendingBytes);

    // Append each moof+mdat (one per track) together
    for (i = 0; i < this.pendingBoxes.length; i++) {
      event.data.set(this.pendingBoxes[i], offset);
      offset += this.pendingBoxes[i].byteLength;
    }

    // Translate caption PTS times into second offsets to match the
    // video timeline for the segment, and add track info
    for (i = 0; i < this.pendingCaptions.length; i++) {
      caption = this.pendingCaptions[i];
      caption.startTime = clock.metadataTsToSeconds(
        caption.startPts, timelineStartPts, this.keepOriginalTimestamps);
      caption.endTime = clock.metadataTsToSeconds(
        caption.endPts, timelineStartPts, this.keepOriginalTimestamps);

      event.captionStreams[caption.stream] = true;
      event.captions.push(caption);
    }

    // Translate ID3 frame PTS times into second offsets to match the
    // video timeline for the segment
    for (i = 0; i < this.pendingMetadata.length; i++) {
      id3 = this.pendingMetadata[i];
      id3.cueTime = clock.metadataTsToSeconds(
        id3.pts, timelineStartPts, this.keepOriginalTimestamps);

      event.metadata.push(id3);
    }

    // We add this to every single emitted segment even though we only need
    // it for the first
    event.metadata.dispatchType = this.metadataStream.dispatchType;

    // Reset stream state
    this.pendingTracks.length = 0;
    this.videoTrack = null;
    this.pendingBoxes.length = 0;
    this.pendingCaptions.length = 0;
    this.pendingBytes = 0;
    this.pendingMetadata.length = 0;

    // Emit the built segment
    // We include captions and ID3 tags for backwards compatibility,
    // ideally we should send only video and audio in the data event
    this.trigger('data', event);
    // Emit each caption to the outside world
    // Ideally, this would happen immediately on parsing captions,
    // but we need to ensure that video data is sent back first
    // so that caption timing can be adjusted to match video timing
    for (i = 0; i < event.captions.length; i++) {
      caption = event.captions[i];

      this.trigger('caption', caption);
    }
    // Emit each id3 tag to the outside world
    // Ideally, this would happen immediately on parsing the tag,
    // but we need to ensure that video data is sent back first
    // so that ID3 frame timing can be adjusted to match video timing
    for (i = 0; i < event.metadata.length; i++) {
      id3 = event.metadata[i];

      this.trigger('id3Frame', id3);
    }
  }

  // Only emit `done` if all tracks have been flushed and emitted
  if (this.emittedTracks >= this.numberOfTracks) {
    this.trigger('done');
    this.emittedTracks = 0;
  }
};

CoalesceStream.prototype.setRemux = function(val) {
  this.remuxTracks = val;
};
/**
 * A Stream that expects MP2T binary data as input and produces
 * corresponding media segments, suitable for use with Media Source
 * Extension (MSE) implementations that support the ISO BMFF byte
 * stream format, like Chrome.
 */
Transmuxer = function(options) {
  var
    self = this,
    hasFlushed = true,
    videoTrack,
    audioTrack;

  Transmuxer.prototype.init.call(this);

  options = options || {};
  this.baseMediaDecodeTime = options.baseMediaDecodeTime || 0;
  this.transmuxPipeline_ = {};

  this.setupAacPipeline = function() {
    var pipeline = {};
    this.transmuxPipeline_ = pipeline;

    pipeline.type = 'aac';
    pipeline.metadataStream = new m2ts.MetadataStream();

    // set up the parsing pipeline
    pipeline.aacStream = new AacStream();
    pipeline.audioTimestampRolloverStream = new m2ts.TimestampRolloverStream('audio');
    pipeline.timedMetadataTimestampRolloverStream = new m2ts.TimestampRolloverStream('timed-metadata');
    pipeline.adtsStream = new AdtsStream();
    pipeline.coalesceStream = new CoalesceStream(options, pipeline.metadataStream);
    pipeline.headOfPipeline = pipeline.aacStream;

    pipeline.aacStream
      .pipe(pipeline.audioTimestampRolloverStream)
      .pipe(pipeline.adtsStream);
    pipeline.aacStream
      .pipe(pipeline.timedMetadataTimestampRolloverStream)
      .pipe(pipeline.metadataStream)
      .pipe(pipeline.coalesceStream);

    pipeline.metadataStream.on('timestamp', function(frame) {
      pipeline.aacStream.setTimestamp(frame.timeStamp);
    });

    pipeline.aacStream.on('data', function(data) {
      if ((data.type !== 'timed-metadata' && data.type !== 'audio') || pipeline.audioSegmentStream) {
        return;
      }

      audioTrack = audioTrack || {
        timelineStartInfo: {
          baseMediaDecodeTime: self.baseMediaDecodeTime
        },
        codec: 'adts',
        type: 'audio'
      };
      // hook up the audio segment stream to the first track with aac data
      pipeline.coalesceStream.numberOfTracks++;
      pipeline.audioSegmentStream = new AudioSegmentStream(audioTrack, options);

      pipeline.audioSegmentStream.on('log', self.getLogTrigger_('audioSegmentStream'));

      pipeline.audioSegmentStream.on('timingInfo',
        self.trigger.bind(self, 'audioTimingInfo'));

      // Set up the final part of the audio pipeline
      pipeline.adtsStream
        .pipe(pipeline.audioSegmentStream)
        .pipe(pipeline.coalesceStream);

      // emit pmt info
      self.trigger('trackinfo', {
        hasAudio: !!audioTrack,
        hasVideo: !!videoTrack
      });
    });

    // Re-emit any data coming from the coalesce stream to the outside world
    pipeline.coalesceStream.on('data', this.trigger.bind(this, 'data'));
    // Let the consumer know we have finished flushing the entire pipeline
    pipeline.coalesceStream.on('done', this.trigger.bind(this, 'done'));

    addPipelineLogRetriggers(this, pipeline);
  };

  this.setupTsPipeline = function() {
    var pipeline = {};
    this.transmuxPipeline_ = pipeline;

    pipeline.type = 'ts';
    pipeline.metadataStream = new m2ts.MetadataStream();

    // set up the parsing pipeline
    pipeline.packetStream = new m2ts.TransportPacketStream();
    pipeline.parseStream = new m2ts.TransportParseStream();
    pipeline.elementaryStream = new m2ts.ElementaryStream();
    pipeline.timestampRolloverStream = new m2ts.TimestampRolloverStream();
    pipeline.adtsStream = new AdtsStream();
    pipeline.h264Stream = new H264Stream();
    pipeline.captionStream = new m2ts.CaptionStream(options);
    pipeline.coalesceStream = new CoalesceStream(options, pipeline.metadataStream);
    pipeline.headOfPipeline = pipeline.packetStream;

    // disassemble MPEG2-TS packets into elementary streams
    pipeline.packetStream
      .pipe(pipeline.parseStream)
      .pipe(pipeline.elementaryStream)
      .pipe(pipeline.timestampRolloverStream);

    // !!THIS ORDER IS IMPORTANT!!
    // demux the streams
    pipeline.timestampRolloverStream
      .pipe(pipeline.h264Stream);

    pipeline.timestampRolloverStream
      .pipe(pipeline.adtsStream);

    pipeline.timestampRolloverStream
      .pipe(pipeline.metadataStream)
      .pipe(pipeline.coalesceStream);

    // Hook up CEA-608/708 caption stream
    pipeline.h264Stream.pipe(pipeline.captionStream)
      .pipe(pipeline.coalesceStream);

    pipeline.elementaryStream.on('data', function(data) {
      var i;

      if (data.type === 'metadata') {
        i = data.tracks.length;

        // scan the tracks listed in the metadata
        while (i--) {
          if (!videoTrack && data.tracks[i].type === 'video') {
            videoTrack = data.tracks[i];
            videoTrack.timelineStartInfo.baseMediaDecodeTime = self.baseMediaDecodeTime;
          } else if (!audioTrack && data.tracks[i].type === 'audio') {
            audioTrack = data.tracks[i];
            audioTrack.timelineStartInfo.baseMediaDecodeTime = self.baseMediaDecodeTime;
          }
        }

        // hook up the video segment stream to the first track with h264 data
        if (videoTrack && !pipeline.videoSegmentStream) {
          pipeline.coalesceStream.numberOfTracks++;
          pipeline.videoSegmentStream = new VideoSegmentStream(videoTrack, options);
          pipeline.videoSegmentStream.on('log', self.getLogTrigger_('videoSegmentStream'));

          pipeline.videoSegmentStream.on('timelineStartInfo', function(timelineStartInfo) {
            // When video emits timelineStartInfo data after a flush, we forward that
            // info to the AudioSegmentStream, if it exists, because video timeline
            // data takes precedence.  Do not do this if keepOriginalTimestamps is set,
            // because this is a particularly subtle form of timestamp alteration.
            if (audioTrack && !options.keepOriginalTimestamps) {
              audioTrack.timelineStartInfo = timelineStartInfo;
              // On the first segment we trim AAC frames that exist before the
              // very earliest DTS we have seen in video because Chrome will
              // interpret any video track with a baseMediaDecodeTime that is
              // non-zero as a gap.
              pipeline.audioSegmentStream.setEarliestDts(timelineStartInfo.dts - self.baseMediaDecodeTime);
            }
          });

          pipeline.videoSegmentStream.on('processedGopsInfo',
            self.trigger.bind(self, 'gopInfo'));
          pipeline.videoSegmentStream.on('segmentTimingInfo',
            self.trigger.bind(self, 'videoSegmentTimingInfo'));

          pipeline.videoSegmentStream.on('baseMediaDecodeTime', function(baseMediaDecodeTime) {
            if (audioTrack) {
              pipeline.audioSegmentStream.setVideoBaseMediaDecodeTime(baseMediaDecodeTime);
            }
          });

          pipeline.videoSegmentStream.on('timingInfo',
            self.trigger.bind(self, 'videoTimingInfo'));

          // Set up the final part of the video pipeline
          pipeline.h264Stream
            .pipe(pipeline.videoSegmentStream)
            .pipe(pipeline.coalesceStream);
        }

        if (audioTrack && !pipeline.audioSegmentStream) {
          // hook up the audio segment stream to the first track with aac data
          pipeline.coalesceStream.numberOfTracks++;
          pipeline.audioSegmentStream = new AudioSegmentStream(audioTrack, options);
          pipeline.audioSegmentStream.on('log', self.getLogTrigger_('audioSegmentStream'));

          pipeline.audioSegmentStream.on('timingInfo',
            self.trigger.bind(self, 'audioTimingInfo'));
          pipeline.audioSegmentStream.on('segmentTimingInfo',
            self.trigger.bind(self, 'audioSegmentTimingInfo'));

          // Set up the final part of the audio pipeline
          pipeline.adtsStream
            .pipe(pipeline.audioSegmentStream)
            .pipe(pipeline.coalesceStream);
        }

        // emit pmt info
        self.trigger('trackinfo', {
          hasAudio: !!audioTrack,
          hasVideo: !!videoTrack
        });
      }
    });

    // Re-emit any data coming from the coalesce stream to the outside world
    pipeline.coalesceStream.on('data', this.trigger.bind(this, 'data'));
    pipeline.coalesceStream.on('id3Frame', function(id3Frame) {
      id3Frame.dispatchType = pipeline.metadataStream.dispatchType;

      self.trigger('id3Frame', id3Frame);
    });
    pipeline.coalesceStream.on('caption', this.trigger.bind(this, 'caption'));
    // Let the consumer know we have finished flushing the entire pipeline
    pipeline.coalesceStream.on('done', this.trigger.bind(this, 'done'));

    addPipelineLogRetriggers(this, pipeline);
  };

  // hook up the segment streams once track metadata is delivered
  this.setBaseMediaDecodeTime = function(baseMediaDecodeTime) {
    var pipeline = this.transmuxPipeline_;

    if (!options.keepOriginalTimestamps) {
      this.baseMediaDecodeTime = baseMediaDecodeTime;
    }

    if (audioTrack) {
      audioTrack.timelineStartInfo.dts = undefined;
      audioTrack.timelineStartInfo.pts = undefined;
      trackDecodeInfo.clearDtsInfo(audioTrack);
      if (pipeline.audioTimestampRolloverStream) {
        pipeline.audioTimestampRolloverStream.discontinuity();
      }
    }
    if (videoTrack) {
      if (pipeline.videoSegmentStream) {
        pipeline.videoSegmentStream.gopCache_ = [];
      }
      videoTrack.timelineStartInfo.dts = undefined;
      videoTrack.timelineStartInfo.pts = undefined;
      trackDecodeInfo.clearDtsInfo(videoTrack);
      pipeline.captionStream.reset();
    }

    if (pipeline.timestampRolloverStream) {
      pipeline.timestampRolloverStream.discontinuity();
    }
  };

  this.setAudioAppendStart = function(timestamp) {
    if (audioTrack) {
      this.transmuxPipeline_.audioSegmentStream.setAudioAppendStart(timestamp);
    }
  };

  this.setRemux = function(val) {
    var pipeline = this.transmuxPipeline_;

    options.remux = val;

    if (pipeline && pipeline.coalesceStream) {
      pipeline.coalesceStream.setRemux(val);
    }
  };

  this.alignGopsWith = function(gopsToAlignWith) {
    if (videoTrack && this.transmuxPipeline_.videoSegmentStream) {
      this.transmuxPipeline_.videoSegmentStream.alignGopsWith(gopsToAlignWith);
    }
  };

  this.getLogTrigger_ = function(key) {
    var self = this;

    return function(event) {
      event.stream = key;
      self.trigger('log', event);
    };
  };
  // feed incoming data to the front of the parsing pipeline
  this.push = function(data) {
    if (hasFlushed) {
      var isAac = isLikelyAacData(data);

      if (isAac && this.transmuxPipeline_.type !== 'aac') {
        this.setupAacPipeline();
      } else if (!isAac && this.transmuxPipeline_.type !== 'ts') {
        this.setupTsPipeline();
      }

      hasFlushed = false;
    }
    this.transmuxPipeline_.headOfPipeline.push(data);
  };

  // flush any buffered data
  this.flush = function() {
    hasFlushed = true;
    // Start at the top of the pipeline and flush all pending work
    this.transmuxPipeline_.headOfPipeline.flush();
  };

  this.endTimeline = function() {
    this.transmuxPipeline_.headOfPipeline.endTimeline();
  };

  this.reset = function() {
    if (this.transmuxPipeline_.headOfPipeline) {
      this.transmuxPipeline_.headOfPipeline.reset();
    }
  };

  // Caption data has to be reset when seeking outside buffered range
  this.resetCaptions = function() {
    if (this.transmuxPipeline_.captionStream) {
      this.transmuxPipeline_.captionStream.reset();
    }
  };

};
Transmuxer.prototype = new Stream();

module.exports = {
  Transmuxer: Transmuxer,
  VideoSegmentStream: VideoSegmentStream,
  AudioSegmentStream: AudioSegmentStream,
  AUDIO_PROPERTIES: AUDIO_PROPERTIES,
  VIDEO_PROPERTIES: VIDEO_PROPERTIES,
  // exported for testing
  generateSegmentTimingInfo: generateSegmentTimingInfo
};