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Bare metal cluster with Kubernetes, Istio & MetalLB

This github repository is material of a presentation of VietKubers core-team at OpenInfra Days Vietnam 2019

Download Slides here

Requirements

This lab is carried out on Ubuntu 16.04

1. Install vagrant

sudo apt install vagrant

2. Install virtualbox

sudo apt install virtualbox

Setting up K8s cluster

1. Clone the repository k8s-istio-metallb-hands-on-lab

git clone https://github.com/vietkubers/k8s-istio-metallb-hands-on-lab.git

2. Create VMs for K8s nodes

cd k8s-istio-metallb-hands-on-lab/k8s-cluster
vagrant up

After the vagrant work has done, there are 3 VMs up. Now we will set up K8s cluster with 1 Master node and 2 Worker nodes. Remote to VMs by command:

vagrant ssh k8s-master (or k8s-worker1 / k8s-worker2)

3. Deploying K8s cluster

3.1. Deploying Master node (In case of using flannel overlay network)

sudo kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=<PRIVATE-MASTER-IP> --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

In this lab, <PRIVATE-MASTER-IP>=192.168.205.10

3.2. Start using cluster

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

3.3. Applying a pod network

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/bc79dd1505b0c8681ece4de4c0d86c5cd2643275/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

3.4. Joining k8s-worker1 and k8s-worker2 to the cluster

Add worker node's ip to kubelet configuration by append line: Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS =--node-ip=[worker's ip]" to /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf.

Restart kubelet service:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart kubelet

Join:

sudo kubeadm join <PRIVATE-MASTER-IP>:6443 --token <token> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

3.5 Enable bash completion for kubectl append the following line to /etc/profile

source <(kubectl completion bash)

Installing LoadBalancer

Let deploy MetalLB in order to access Bookinfo App from outside of the cluster.

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/metallb/v0.7.3/manifests/metallb.yaml

This will deploy MetalLB to K8s cluster, under the metallb-system namespace.

Setting up bgp router (For BGP mode)

  1. create bgp router with vyos
cd k8s-istio-metallb-hands-on-lab/k8s-cluster
vagrant up
  1. setting bgp router
vagrant ssh bgp-router
configure
set protocols bgp 64512
set protocols bgp 64512 parameters router-id 192.168.205.1
set protocols bgp 64512 neighbor 192.168.205.11 remote-as 64512
set protocols bgp 64512 neighbor 192.168.205.12 remote-as 64512
set protocols bgp 64512 maximum-paths ibgp 2
commit
save
exit
  1. Show bgp configure
show ip bgp neighbors

Allocate external Ips for loadbalancer

[ARP Mode] Creating configmap.yaml, the following configuration gives MetalLB control over IPs from 192.168.205.15 to 192.168.205.50

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  namespace: metallb-system
  name: config
data:
  config: 
    address-pools:
    - name: default
      protocol: layer2
      addresses:
      - 192.168.205.15-192.168.205.50

[BGP mode] Creating configmap.yaml as below:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  namespace: metallb-system
  name: config
data:
  config: |
    peers:
    - peer-address: 192.168.205.1
      peer-asn: 64512
      my-asn: 64512
    address-pools:
    - name: default
      protocol: bgp
      addresses:
      - 192.168.205.224/27

Apply configuration

kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml
kubectl get pods -n metallb-system -o wide

NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP               NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
controller-7cc9c87cfb-5v7dg   1/1     Running   0          32m   10.244.2.33      k8s-worker2   <none>           <none>
speaker-6ptpj                 1/1     Running   0          32m   10.164.178.233   k8s-worker1   <none>           <none>
speaker-nd6qb                 1/1     Running   0          32m   10.164.178.234   k8s-worker2   <none>           <none>

Installing Istio

1. Download Istio

curl -L https://git.io/getLatestIstio | ISTIO_VERSION=1.1.0 sh -

2. Install all the Istio Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs)

cd istio-1.1.0
for i in install/kubernetes/helm/istio-init/files/crd*yaml; do kubectl apply -f $i; done

3. Install istio-demo

kubectl apply -f install/kubernetes/istio-demo.yaml

Installing Bookinfo application

1. Label the namespace that will host the application with istio-injection=enabled

kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled

2. Deploy Bookinfo application

Deploying Bookinfo with multiple replicas. Changing all replicas from 1 to 2 and adding type: LoadBalancer below spec of Productpage services in samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml.

##################################################################################################
# Productpage services
##################################################################################################
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: productpage
  labels:
    app: productpage
    service: productpage
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9080
    name: http
  selector:
    app: productpage
  type: LoadBalancer
kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml

Confirm all services and pods are correctly defined and running.

master@k8s-master:~/istio-1.1.0$ kubectl get pod

NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
details-v1-69658dcf78-mrjk4       2/2     Running   0          112m
details-v1-69658dcf78-qqw9h       2/2     Running   0          112m
example-appservice-pod            2/2     Running   50         2d2h
hello-operator-7b59567fd9-zh5tl   2/2     Running   3          2d2h
productpage-v1-6b6798cb84-2zckc   2/2     Running   0          112m
productpage-v1-6b6798cb84-nj5tp   2/2     Running   0          112m
ratings-v1-6f97d68b6-jxb5l        2/2     Running   0          112m
ratings-v1-6f97d68b6-mh66q        2/2     Running   0          112m
reviews-v1-7c98dcd6dc-fn7rd       2/2     Running   0          112m
reviews-v1-7c98dcd6dc-kmqxn       2/2     Running   0          112m
reviews-v2-6677766d47-hl9lh       2/2     Running   0          112m
reviews-v2-6677766d47-wzr8l       2/2     Running   0          112m
reviews-v3-79f9bcc54c-cfsvf       2/2     Running   0          112m
reviews-v3-79f9bcc54c-kj6zb       2/2     Running   0          112m
master@k8s-master:~/istio-1.1.0$ sudo kubectl get svc
NAME          TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)          AGE
details       ClusterIP      10.100.126.18    <none>           9080/TCP         19m
kubernetes    ClusterIP      10.96.0.1        <none>           443/TCP          4h57m
productpage   LoadBalancer   10.105.200.30    10.164.178.237   9080:30118/TCP   19m
ratings       ClusterIP      10.110.246.171   <none>           9080/TCP         19m
reviews       ClusterIP      10.103.133.5     <none>           9080/TCP         19m

To confirm that the Bookinfo application is running.

kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pod -l app=ratings -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c ratings -- curl productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"

<title>Simple Bookstore App</title>

3. Confirm the app is accessible from outside the cluster

Using web browser and goto http://10.164.178.237:9080/productpage or:

curl -s http://10.164.178.237:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"

<title>Simple Bookstore App</title>

productpage