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usr_41.txt
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usr_41.txt
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*usr_41.txt* For Vim version 9.1. Last change: 2024 May 07
VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar
Write a Vim script
The Vim script language is used for the startup vimrc file, syntax files, and
many other things. This chapter explains the items that can be used in a Vim
script. There are a lot of them, therefore this is a long chapter.
|41.1| Introduction
|41.2| Variables
|41.3| Expressions
|41.4| Conditionals
|41.5| Executing an expression
|41.6| Using functions
|41.7| Defining a function
|41.8| Lists and Dictionaries
|41.9| White space
|41.10| Line continuation
|41.11| Comments
|41.12| Fileformat
Next chapter: |usr_42.txt| Add new menus
Previous chapter: |usr_40.txt| Make new commands
Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt|
==============================================================================
*41.1* Introduction *vim-script-intro* *script*
Your first experience with Vim scripts is the vimrc file. Vim reads it when
it starts up and executes the commands. You can set options to the values you
prefer, define mappings, select plugins and much more. You can use any colon
command in it (commands that start with a ":"; these are sometimes referred to
as Ex commands or command-line commands).
Syntax files are also Vim scripts. As are files that set options for a
specific file type. A complicated macro can be defined by a separate Vim
script file. You can think of other uses yourself.
Vim script comes in two flavors: legacy and |Vim9|. Since this help file is
for new users, we'll teach you the newer and more convenient |Vim9| syntax.
While legacy script is particularly for Vim, |Vim9| script looks more like
other languages, such as JavaScript and TypeScript.
To try out Vim script the best way is to edit a script file and source it.
Basically: >
:edit test.vim
[insert the script lines you want]
:w
:source %
Let's start with a simple example: >
vim9script
var i = 1
while i < 5
echo "count is" i
i += 1
endwhile
<
The output of the example code is:
count is 1 ~
count is 2 ~
count is 3 ~
count is 4 ~
In the first line the `vim9script` command makes clear this is a new, |Vim9|
script file. That matters for how the rest of the file is used. It is
recommended to put it in the very first line, before any comments.
*vim9-declarations*
The `var i = 1` command declares the "i" variable and initializes it. The
generic form is: >
var {name} = {expression}
In this case the variable name is "i" and the expression is a simple value,
the number one.
The `while` command starts a loop. The generic form is: >
while {condition}
{statements}
endwhile
The statements until the matching `endwhile` are executed for as long as the
condition is true. The condition used here is the expression "i < 5". This
is true when the variable i is smaller than five.
Note:
If you happen to write a while loop that keeps on running, you can
interrupt it by pressing CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on MS-Windows).
The `echo` command prints its arguments. In this case the string "count is"
and the value of the variable i. Since i is one, this will print:
count is 1 ~
Then there is the `i += 1` command. This does the same thing as "i = i + 1",
it adds one to the variable i and assigns the new value to the same variable.
The example was given to explain the commands, but would you really want to
make such a loop, it can be written much more compact: >
for i in range(1, 4)
echo $"count is {i}"
endfor
We won't explain how `for`, `range()`and `$"string"` work until later. Follow
the links if you are impatient.
TRYING OUT EXAMPLES
You can easily try out most examples in these help files without saving the
commands to a file. For example, to try out the "for" loop above do this:
1. position the cursor on the "for"
2. start Visual mode with "v"
3. move down to the "endfor"
4. press colon, then "so" and Enter
After pressing colon you will see ":'<,'>", which is the range of the Visually
selected text.
For some commands it matters they are executed as in |Vim9| script. But typed
commands normally use legacy script syntax, such as the example below that
causes the E1004 error. For that use this fourth step:
4. press colon, then "vim9 so" and Enter
"vim9" is short for `vim9cmd`, which is a command modifier to execute the
following command in |Vim9| syntax.
Note that this won't work for examples that require a script context.
FOUR KINDS OF NUMBERS
Numbers can be decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary.
A hexadecimal number starts with "0x" or "0X". For example "0x1f" is decimal
31 and "0x1234" is decimal 4660.
An octal number starts with "0o", "0O". "0o17" is decimal 15.
A binary number starts with "0b" or "0B". For example "0b101" is decimal 5.
A decimal number is just digits. Careful: In legacy script don't put a zero
before a decimal number, it will be interpreted as an octal number! That's
one reason to use |Vim9| script.
The `echo` command evaluates its argument and when it is a number always
prints the decimal form. Example: >
echo 0x7f 0o36
< 127 30 ~
A number is made negative with a minus sign. This also works for hexadecimal,
octal and binary numbers: >
echo -0x7f
< -127 ~
A minus sign is also used for subtraction. This can sometimes lead to
confusion. If we put a minus sign before both numbers we get an error: >
echo -0x7f -0o36
< E1004: White space required before and after '-' at "-0o36" ~
Note: if you are not using a |Vim9| script to try out these commands but type
them directly, they will be executed as legacy script. Then the echo command
sees the second minus sign as subtraction. To get the error, prefix the
command with `vim9cmd`: >
vim9cmd echo -0x7f -0o36
< E1004: White space required before and after '-' at "-0o36" ~
White space in an expression is often required to make sure it is easy to read
and avoid errors. Such as thinking that the "-0o36" above makes the number
negative, while it is actually seen as a subtraction.
To actually have the minus sign be used for negation, you can put the second
expression in parentheses: >
echo -0x7f (-0o36)
< -127 -30 ~
==============================================================================
*41.2* Variables
A variable name consists of ASCII letters, digits and the underscore. It
cannot start with a digit. Valid variable names are:
counter
_aap3
very_long_variable_name_with_underscores
CamelCaseName
LENGTH
Invalid names are "foo.bar" and "6var".
Some variables are global. To see a list of currently defined global
variables type this command: >
:let
You can use global variables everywhere. However, it is too easy to use the
same name in two unrelated scripts. Therefore variables declared in a script
are local to that script. For example, if you have this in "script1.vim": >
vim9script
var counter = 5
echo counter
< 5 ~
And you try to use the variable in "script2.vim": >
vim9script
echo counter
< E121: Undefined variable: counter ~
Using a script-local variable means you can be sure that it is only changed in
that script and not elsewhere.
If you do want to share variables between scripts, use the "g:" prefix and
assign the value directly, do not use `var`. And use a specific name to avoid
mistakes. Thus in "script1.vim": >
vim9script
g:mash_counter = 5
echo g:mash_counter
< 5 ~
And then in "script2.vim": >
vim9script
echo g:mash_counter
< 5 ~
Global variables can also be accessed on the command line, E.g. typing this: >
echo g:mash_counter
That will not work for a script-local variable.
More about script-local variables here: |script-variable|.
There are more kinds of variables, see |internal-variables|. The most often
used ones are:
b:name variable local to a buffer
w:name variable local to a window
g:name global variable (also in a function)
v:name variable predefined by Vim
DELETING VARIABLES
Variables take up memory and show up in the output of the `let` command. To
delete a global variable use the `unlet` command. Example: >
unlet g:counter
This deletes the global variable "g:counter" to free up the memory it uses.
If you are not sure if the variable exists, and don't want an error message
when it doesn't, append !: >
unlet! g:counter
You cannot `unlet` script-local variables in |Vim9| script, only in legacy
script.
When a script has been processed to the end, the local variables declared
there will not be deleted. Functions defined in the script can use them.
Example:
>
vim9script
var counter = 0
def g:GetCount(): number
counter += 1
return counter
enddef
Every time you call the function it will return the next count: >
:echo g:GetCount()
< 1 ~
>
:echo g:GetCount()
< 2 ~
If you are worried a script-local variable is consuming too much memory, set
it to an empty or null value after you no longer need it. Example: >
var lines = readfile(...)
...
lines = []
Note: below we'll leave out the `vim9script` line from examples, so we can
concentrate on the relevant commands, but you'll still need to put it at the
top of your script file.
STRING VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS
So far only numbers were used for the variable value. Strings can be used as
well. Numbers and strings are the basic types of variables that Vim supports.
Example: >
var name = "Peter"
echo name
< Peter ~
Every variable has a type. Very often, as in this example, the type is
defined by assigning a value. This is called type inference. If you do not
want to give the variable a value yet, you need to specify the type: >
var name: string
var age: number
if male
name = "Peter"
age = 42
else
name = "Elisa"
age = 45
endif
If you make a mistake and try to assign the wrong type of value you'll get an
error: >
age = "Peter"
< E1012: Type mismatch; expected number but got string ~
More about types in |41.8|.
To assign a string value to a variable, you can use a string constant. There
are two types of these. First the string in double quotes, as we used
already. If you want to include a double quote inside the string, put a
backslash in front of it: >
var name = "he is \"Peter\""
echo name
< he is "Peter" ~
To avoid the need for backslashes, you can use a string in single quotes: >
var name = 'he is "Peter"'
echo name
< he is "Peter" ~
Inside a single-quote string all the characters are as they are. Only the
single quote itself is special: you need to use two to get one. A backslash
is taken literally, thus you can't use it to change the meaning of the
character after it: >
var name = 'P\e''ter'''
echo name
< P\e'ter' ~
In double-quote strings it is possible to use special characters. Here are a
few useful ones:
\t <Tab>
\n <NL>, line break
\r <CR>, <Enter>
\e <Esc>
\b <BS>, backspace
\" "
\\ \, backslash
\<Esc> <Esc>
\<C-W> CTRL-W
The last two are just examples. The "\<name>" form can be used to include
the special key "name".
See |expr-quote| for the full list of special items in a string.
==============================================================================
*41.3* Expressions
Vim has a fairly standard way to handle expressions. You can read the
definition here: |expression-syntax|. Here we will show the most common
items.
The numbers, strings and variables mentioned above are expressions by
themselves. Thus everywhere an expression is expected, you can use a number,
string or variable. Other basic items in an expression are:
$NAME environment variable
&name option value
@r register contents
Examples: >
echo "The value of 'tabstop' is" &ts
echo "Your home directory is" $HOME
if @a == 'text'
The &name form can also be used to set an option value, do something and
restore the old value. Example: >
var save_ic = &ic
set noic
s/The Start/The Beginning/
&ic = save_ic
This makes sure the "The Start" pattern is used with the 'ignorecase' option
off. Still, it keeps the value that the user had set. (Another way to do
this would be to add "\C" to the pattern, see |/\C|.)
MATHEMATICS
It becomes more interesting if we combine these basic items. Let's start with
mathematics on numbers:
a + b add
a - b subtract
a * b multiply
a / b divide
a % b modulo
The usual precedence is used. Example: >
echo 10 + 5 * 2
< 20 ~
Grouping is done with parentheses. No surprises here. Example: >
echo (10 + 5) * 2
< 30 ~
OTHERS
Strings can be concatenated with ".." (see |expr6|). Example: >
echo "Name: " .. name
Name: Peter
When the "echo" command gets multiple arguments, it separates them with a
space. In the example the argument is a single expression, thus no space is
inserted.
If you don't like the concatenation you can use the $"string" form, which
accepts an expression in curly braces: >
echo $"Name: {name}"
See |interpolated-string| for more information.
Borrowed from the C language is the conditional expression: >
a ? b : c
If "a" evaluates to true "b" is used, otherwise "c" is used. Example: >
var nr = 4
echo nr > 5 ? "nr is big" : "nr is small"
< nr is small ~
The three parts of the constructs are always evaluated first, thus you could
see it works as: >
(a) ? (b) : (c)
There is also the falsy operator: >
echo name ?? "No name given"
See |??|.
==============================================================================
*41.4* Conditionals
The `if` commands executes the following statements, until the matching
`endif`, only when a condition is met. The generic form is:
if {condition}
{statements}
endif
Only when the expression {condition} evaluates to true or one will the
{statements} be executed. If they are not executed they must still be valid
commands. If they contain garbage, Vim won't be able to find the matching
`endif`.
You can also use `else`. The generic form for this is:
if {condition}
{statements}
else
{statements}
endif
The second {statements} block is only executed if the first one isn't.
Finally, there is `elseif`
if {condition}
{statements}
elseif {condition}
{statements}
endif
This works just like using `else` and then `if`, but without the need for an
extra `endif`.
A useful example for your vimrc file is checking the 'term' option and doing
something depending upon its value: >
if &term == "xterm"
# Do stuff for xterm
elseif &term == "vt100"
# Do stuff for a vt100 terminal
else
# Do something for other terminals
endif
This uses "#" to start a comment, more about that later.
LOGIC OPERATIONS
We already used some of them in the examples. These are the most often used
ones:
a == b equal to
a != b not equal to
a > b greater than
a >= b greater than or equal to
a < b less than
a <= b less than or equal to
The result is true if the condition is met and false otherwise. An example: >
if v:version >= 800
echo "congratulations"
else
echo "you are using an old version, upgrade!"
endif
Here "v:version" is a variable defined by Vim, which has the value of the Vim
version. 800 is for version 8.0, version 8.1 has the value 801. This is
useful to write a script that works with multiple versions of Vim.
See |v:version|. You can also check for a specific feature with `has()` or a
specific patch, see |has-patch|.
The logic operators work both for numbers and strings. When comparing two
strings, the mathematical difference is used. This compares byte values,
which may not be right for some languages.
If you try to compare a string with a number you will get an error.
For strings there are two more useful items:
str =~ pat matches with
str !~ pat does not match with
The left item "str" is used as a string. The right item "pat" is used as a
pattern, like what's used for searching. Example: >
if str =~ " "
echo "str contains a space"
endif
if str !~ '\.$'
echo "str does not end in a full stop"
endif
Notice the use of a single-quote string for the pattern. This is useful,
because patterns tend to contain many backslashes and backslashes need to be
doubled in a double-quote string.
The match is not anchored, if you want to match the whole string start with
"^" and end with "$".
The 'ignorecase' option is not used when comparing strings. When you do want
to ignore case append "?". Thus "==?" compares two strings to be equal while
ignoring case. For the full table see |expr-==|.
MORE LOOPING
The `while` command was already mentioned. Two more statements can be used in
between the `while` and the `endwhile`:
continue Jump back to the start of the while loop; the
loop continues.
break Jump forward to the `endwhile`; the loop is
discontinued.
Example: >
var counter = 1
while counter < 40
if skip_number(counter)
continue
endif
if last_number(counter)
break
endif
sleep 50m
++counter
endwhile
The `sleep` command makes Vim take a nap. The "50m" specifies fifty
milliseconds. Another example is `sleep 4`, which sleeps for four seconds.
`continue` and `break` can also be used in between `for` and `endfor`.
Even more looping can be done with the `for` command, see below in |41.8|.
==============================================================================
*41.5* Executing an expression
So far the commands in the script were executed by Vim directly. The
`execute` command allows executing the result of an expression. This is a
very powerful way to build commands and execute them.
An example is to jump to a tag, which is contained in a variable: >
execute "tag " .. tag_name
The ".." is used to concatenate the string "tag " with the value of variable
"tag_name". Suppose "tag_name" has the value "get_cmd", then the command that
will be executed is: >
tag get_cmd
The `execute` command can only execute Ex commands. The `normal` command
executes Normal mode commands. However, its argument is not an expression but
the literal command characters. Example: >
normal gg=G
This jumps to the first line with "gg" and formats all lines with the "="
operator and the "G" movement.
To make `normal` work with an expression, combine `execute` with it.
Example: >
execute "normal " .. count .. "j"
This will move the cursor "count" lines down.
Make sure that the argument for `normal` is a complete command. Otherwise
Vim will run into the end of the argument and silently abort the command. For
example, if you start the delete operator, you must give the movement command
also. This works: >
normal d$
This does nothing: >
normal d
If you start Insert mode and do not end it with Esc, it will end anyway. This
works to insert "new text": >
execute "normal inew text"
If you want to do something after inserting text you do need to end Insert
mode: >
execute "normal inew text\<Esc>b"
This inserts "new text" and puts the cursor on the first letter of "text".
Notice the use of the special key "\<Esc>". This avoids having to enter a
real <Esc> character in your script. That is where `execute` with a
double-quote string comes in handy.
If you don't want to execute a string as a command but evaluate it to get the
result of the expression, you can use the eval() function: >
var optname = "path"
var optvalue = eval('&' .. optname)
A "&" character is prepended to "path", thus the argument to eval() is
"&path". The result will then be the value of the 'path' option.
==============================================================================
*41.6* Using functions
Vim defines many functions and provides a large amount of functionality that
way. A few examples will be given in this section. You can find the whole
list below: |function-list|.
A function is called with the parameters in between parentheses, separated by
commas. Example: >
search("Date: ", "W")
This calls the search() function, with arguments "Date: " and "W". The
search() function uses its first argument as a search pattern and the second
one as flags. The "W" flag means the search doesn't wrap around the end of
the file.
Using the `call` command is optional in |Vim9| script. It is required in
legacy script and on the command line: >
call search("Date: ", "W")
A function can be called in an expression. Example: >
var line = getline(".")
var repl = substitute(line, '\a', "*", "g")
setline(".", repl)
The getline() function obtains a line from the current buffer. Its argument
is a specification of the line number. In this case "." is used, which means
the line where the cursor is.
The substitute() function does something similar to the `:substitute` command.
The first argument "line" is the string on which to perform the substitution.
The second argument '\a' is the pattern, the third "*" is the replacement
string. Finally, the last argument "g" is the flags.
The setline() function sets the line, specified by the first argument, to a
new string, the second argument. In this example the line under the cursor is
replaced with the result of the substitute(). Thus the effect of the three
statements is equal to: >
:substitute/\a/*/g
Using the functions becomes interesting when you do more work before and
after the substitute() call.
FUNCTIONS *function-list*
There are many functions. We will mention them here, grouped by what they are
used for. You can find an alphabetical list here: |builtin-function-list|.
Use CTRL-] on the function name to jump to detailed help on it.
String manipulation: *string-functions*
nr2char() get a character by its number value
list2str() get a character string from a list of numbers
char2nr() get number value of a character
str2list() get list of numbers from a string
str2nr() convert a string to a Number
str2float() convert a string to a Float
printf() format a string according to % items
escape() escape characters in a string with a '\'
shellescape() escape a string for use with a shell command
fnameescape() escape a file name for use with a Vim command
tr() translate characters from one set to another
strtrans() translate a string to make it printable
keytrans() translate internal keycodes to a form that
can be used by |:map|
tolower() turn a string to lowercase
toupper() turn a string to uppercase
charclass() class of a character
match() position where a pattern matches in a string
matchbufline() all the matches of a pattern in a buffer
matchend() position where a pattern match ends in a string
matchfuzzy() fuzzy matches a string in a list of strings
matchfuzzypos() fuzzy matches a string in a list of strings
matchstr() match of a pattern in a string
matchstrlist() all the matches of a pattern in a List of
strings
matchstrpos() match and positions of a pattern in a string
matchlist() like matchstr() and also return submatches
stridx() first index of a short string in a long string
strridx() last index of a short string in a long string
strlen() length of a string in bytes
strcharlen() length of a string in characters
strchars() number of characters in a string
strutf16len() number of UTF-16 code units in a string
strwidth() size of string when displayed
strdisplaywidth() size of string when displayed, deals with tabs
setcellwidths() set character cell width overrides
getcellwidths() get character cell width overrides
reverse() reverse the order of characters in a string
substitute() substitute a pattern match with a string
submatch() get a specific match in ":s" and substitute()
strpart() get part of a string using byte index
strcharpart() get part of a string using char index
slice() take a slice of a string, using char index in
Vim9 script
strgetchar() get character from a string using char index
expand() expand special keywords
expandcmd() expand a command like done for `:edit`
iconv() convert text from one encoding to another
byteidx() byte index of a character in a string
byteidxcomp() like byteidx() but count composing characters
charidx() character index of a byte in a string
utf16idx() UTF-16 index of a byte in a string
repeat() repeat a string multiple times
eval() evaluate a string expression
execute() execute an Ex command and get the output
win_execute() like execute() but in a specified window
trim() trim characters from a string
gettext() lookup message translation
List manipulation: *list-functions*
get() get an item without error for wrong index
len() number of items in a List
empty() check if List is empty
insert() insert an item somewhere in a List
add() append an item to a List
extend() append a List to a List
extendnew() make a new List and append items
remove() remove one or more items from a List
copy() make a shallow copy of a List
deepcopy() make a full copy of a List
filter() remove selected items from a List
map() change each List item
mapnew() make a new List with changed items
foreach() apply function to List items
reduce() reduce a List to a value
slice() take a slice of a List
sort() sort a List
reverse() reverse the order of items in a List
uniq() remove copies of repeated adjacent items
split() split a String into a List
join() join List items into a String
range() return a List with a sequence of numbers
string() String representation of a List
call() call a function with List as arguments
index() index of a value in a List or Blob
indexof() index in a List or Blob where an expression
evaluates to true
max() maximum value in a List
min() minimum value in a List
count() count number of times a value appears in a List
repeat() repeat a List multiple times
flatten() flatten a List
flattennew() flatten a copy of a List
Dictionary manipulation: *dict-functions*
get() get an entry without an error for a wrong key
len() number of entries in a Dictionary
has_key() check whether a key appears in a Dictionary
empty() check if Dictionary is empty
remove() remove an entry from a Dictionary
extend() add entries from one Dictionary to another
extendnew() make a new Dictionary and append items
filter() remove selected entries from a Dictionary
map() change each Dictionary entry
mapnew() make a new Dictionary with changed items
foreach() apply function to Dictionary items
keys() get List of Dictionary keys
values() get List of Dictionary values
items() get List of Dictionary key-value pairs
copy() make a shallow copy of a Dictionary
deepcopy() make a full copy of a Dictionary
string() String representation of a Dictionary
max() maximum value in a Dictionary
min() minimum value in a Dictionary
count() count number of times a value appears
Floating point computation: *float-functions*
float2nr() convert Float to Number
abs() absolute value (also works for Number)
round() round off
ceil() round up
floor() round down
trunc() remove value after decimal point
fmod() remainder of division
exp() exponential
log() natural logarithm (logarithm to base e)
log10() logarithm to base 10
pow() value of x to the exponent y
sqrt() square root
sin() sine
cos() cosine
tan() tangent
asin() arc sine
acos() arc cosine
atan() arc tangent
atan2() arc tangent
sinh() hyperbolic sine
cosh() hyperbolic cosine
tanh() hyperbolic tangent
isinf() check for infinity
isnan() check for not a number
Blob manipulation: *blob-functions*
blob2list() get a list of numbers from a blob
list2blob() get a blob from a list of numbers
reverse() reverse the order of numbers in a blob
Other computation: *bitwise-function*
and() bitwise AND
invert() bitwise invert
or() bitwise OR
xor() bitwise XOR
sha256() SHA-256 hash
rand() get a pseudo-random number
srand() initialize seed used by rand()
Variables: *var-functions*
instanceof() check if a variable is an instance of a given
class
type() type of a variable as a number
typename() type of a variable as text
islocked() check if a variable is locked
funcref() get a Funcref for a function reference
function() get a Funcref for a function name
getbufvar() get a variable value from a specific buffer
setbufvar() set a variable in a specific buffer
getwinvar() get a variable from specific window
gettabvar() get a variable from specific tab page
gettabwinvar() get a variable from specific window & tab page
setwinvar() set a variable in a specific window
settabvar() set a variable in a specific tab page
settabwinvar() set a variable in a specific window & tab page
garbagecollect() possibly free memory
Cursor and mark position: *cursor-functions* *mark-functions*
col() column number of the cursor or a mark
virtcol() screen column of the cursor or a mark
line() line number of the cursor or mark
wincol() window column number of the cursor
winline() window line number of the cursor
cursor() position the cursor at a line/column
screencol() get screen column of the cursor
screenrow() get screen row of the cursor
screenpos() screen row and col of a text character
virtcol2col() byte index of a text character on screen
getcurpos() get position of the cursor
getpos() get position of cursor, mark, etc.
setpos() set position of cursor, mark, etc.
getmarklist() list of global/local marks
byte2line() get line number at a specific byte count
line2byte() byte count at a specific line
diff_filler() get the number of filler lines above a line
screenattr() get attribute at a screen line/row
screenchar() get character code at a screen line/row
screenchars() get character codes at a screen line/row
screenstring() get string of characters at a screen line/row
charcol() character number of the cursor or a mark
getcharpos() get character position of cursor, mark, etc.
setcharpos() set character position of cursor, mark, etc.
getcursorcharpos() get character position of the cursor
setcursorcharpos() set character position of the cursor
Working with text in the current buffer: *text-functions*
getline() get a line or list of lines from the buffer
getregion() get a region of text from the buffer
getregionpos() get a list of positions for a region
setline() replace a line in the buffer
append() append line or list of lines in the buffer
indent() indent of a specific line
cindent() indent according to C indenting
lispindent() indent according to Lisp indenting
nextnonblank() find next non-blank line
prevnonblank() find previous non-blank line
search() find a match for a pattern
searchpos() find a match for a pattern
searchcount() get number of matches before/after the cursor
searchpair() find the other end of a start/skip/end
searchpairpos() find the other end of a start/skip/end
searchdecl() search for the declaration of a name
getcharsearch() return character search information
setcharsearch() set character search information
Working with text in another buffer:
getbufline() get a list of lines from the specified buffer
getbufoneline() get a one line from the specified buffer
setbufline() replace a line in the specified buffer
appendbufline() append a list of lines in the specified buffer
deletebufline() delete lines from a specified buffer
*system-functions* *file-functions*
System functions and manipulation of files:
glob() expand wildcards
globpath() expand wildcards in a number of directories
glob2regpat() convert a glob pattern into a search pattern
findfile() find a file in a list of directories
finddir() find a directory in a list of directories
resolve() find out where a shortcut points to
fnamemodify() modify a file name
pathshorten() shorten directory names in a path
simplify() simplify a path without changing its meaning
executable() check if an executable program exists
exepath() full path of an executable program
filereadable() check if a file can be read
filewritable() check if a file can be written to
getfperm() get the permissions of a file
setfperm() set the permissions of a file
getftype() get the kind of a file
isabsolutepath() check if a path is absolute
isdirectory() check if a directory exists
getfsize() get the size of a file
getcwd() get the current working directory
haslocaldir() check if current window used |:lcd| or |:tcd|
tempname() get the name of a temporary file
mkdir() create a new directory
chdir() change current working directory
delete() delete a file
rename() rename a file
system() get the result of a shell command as a string
systemlist() get the result of a shell command as a list
environ() get all environment variables
getenv() get one environment variable
setenv() set an environment variable
hostname() name of the system
readfile() read a file into a List of lines
readblob() read a file into a Blob
readdir() get a List of file names in a directory
readdirex() get a List of file information in a directory
writefile() write a List of lines or Blob into a file
Date and Time: *date-functions* *time-functions*
getftime() get last modification time of a file
localtime() get current time in seconds
strftime() convert time to a string