os_windows.c.v

module os

import strings

#flag windows -l advapi32
#include <process.h>
#include <sys/utime.h>

// path_separator is the platform specific separator string, used between the folders
// and filenames in a path. It is '/' on POSIX, and '\\' on Windows.
pub const path_separator = '\\'

// path_delimiter is the platform specific delimiter string, used between the paths
// in environment variables like PATH. It is ':' on POSIX, and ';' on Windows.
pub const path_delimiter = ';'

// path_devnull is a platform-specific file path of the null device.
// It is '/dev/null' on POSIX, and r'\\.\nul' on Windows.
pub const path_devnull = r'\\.\nul'

// See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-createsymboliclinkw
fn C.CreateSymbolicLinkW(&u16, &u16, u32) int

// See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-createhardlinkw
fn C.CreateHardLinkW(&u16, &u16, C.SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES) int

fn C._getpid() int

const executable_suffixes = ['.exe', '.bat', '.cmd', '']

// Ref - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/winprog/windows-data-types
// A handle to an object.
pub type HANDLE = voidptr
pub type HMODULE = voidptr

// win: FILETIME
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/minwinbase/ns-minwinbase-filetime
struct Filetime {
	dw_low_date_time  u32
	dw_high_date_time u32
}

// win: WIN32_FIND_DATA
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/minwinbase/ns-minwinbase-win32_find_dataw
struct Win32finddata {
mut:
	dw_file_attributes    u32
	ft_creation_time      Filetime
	ft_last_access_time   Filetime
	ft_last_write_time    Filetime
	n_file_size_high      u32
	n_file_size_low       u32
	dw_reserved0          u32
	dw_reserved1          u32
	c_file_name           [260]u16 // max_path_len = 260
	c_alternate_file_name [14]u16  // 14
	dw_file_type          u32
	dw_creator_type       u32
	w_finder_flags        u16
}

struct ProcessInformation {
mut:
	h_process     voidptr
	h_thread      voidptr
	dw_process_id u32
	dw_thread_id  u32
}

struct StartupInfo {
mut:
	cb                 u32
	lp_reserved        &u16 = unsafe { nil }
	lp_desktop         &u16 = unsafe { nil }
	lp_title           &u16 = unsafe { nil }
	dw_x               u32
	dw_y               u32
	dw_x_size          u32
	dw_y_size          u32
	dw_x_count_chars   u32
	dw_y_count_chars   u32
	dw_fill_attributes u32
	dw_flags           u32
	w_show_window      u16
	cb_reserved2       u16
	lp_reserved2       &u8 = unsafe { nil }
	h_std_input        voidptr
	h_std_output       voidptr
	h_std_error        voidptr
}

struct SecurityAttributes {
mut:
	n_length               u32
	lp_security_descriptor voidptr
	b_inherit_handle       bool
}

pub struct C._utimbuf {
	actime  int
	modtime int
}

fn C._utime(&char, voidptr) int

fn init_os_args_wide(argc int, argv &&u8) []string {
	mut args_ := []string{len: argc}
	for i in 0 .. argc {
		args_[i] = unsafe { string_from_wide(&u16(argv[i])) }
	}
	return args_
}

fn native_glob_pattern(pattern string, mut matches []string) ! {
	$if debug {
		// FindFirstFile() and FindNextFile() both have a globbing function.
		// Unfortunately this is not as pronounced as under Unix, but should provide some functionality
		eprintln('os.glob() does not have all the features on Windows as it has on Unix operating systems')
	}
	mut find_file_data := Win32finddata{}
	wpattern := pattern.replace('/', '\\').to_wide()
	h_find_files := C.FindFirstFile(wpattern, voidptr(&find_file_data))

	defer {
		C.FindClose(h_find_files)
	}

	if h_find_files == C.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE {
		return error('os.glob(): Could not get a file handle: ' +
			get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
	}

	// save first finding
	fname := unsafe { string_from_wide(&find_file_data.c_file_name[0]) }
	if fname !in ['.', '..'] {
		mut fp := fname.replace('\\', '/')
		if find_file_data.dw_file_attributes & u32(C.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) > 0 {
			fp += '/'
		}
		matches << fp
	}

	// check and save next findings
	for i := 0; C.FindNextFile(h_find_files, voidptr(&find_file_data)) > 0; i++ {
		filename := unsafe { string_from_wide(&find_file_data.c_file_name[0]) }
		if filename in ['.', '..'] {
			continue
		}
		mut fpath := filename.replace('\\', '/')
		if find_file_data.dw_file_attributes & u32(C.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) > 0 {
			fpath += '/'
		}
		matches << fpath
	}
}

pub fn utime(path string, actime int, modtime int) ! {
	mut u := C._utimbuf{actime, modtime}
	if C._utime(&char(path.str), voidptr(&u)) != 0 {
		return error_with_code(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno), C.errno)
	}
}

pub fn ls(path string) ![]string {
	if path.len == 0 {
		return error('ls() expects a folder, not an empty string')
	}
	mut find_file_data := Win32finddata{}
	mut dir_files := []string{}
	// We can also check if the handle is valid. but using is_dir instead
	// h_find_dir := C.FindFirstFile(path.str, &find_file_data)
	// if (invalid_handle_value == h_find_dir) {
	// return dir_files
	// }
	// C.FindClose(h_find_dir)
	if !is_dir(path) {
		return error('ls() couldnt open dir "${path}": directory does not exist')
	}
	// we need to add files to path eg. c:\windows\*.dll or :\windows\*
	path_files := '${path}\\*'
	// NOTE:TODO: once we have a way to convert utf16 wide character to utf8
	// we should use FindFirstFileW and FindNextFileW
	h_find_files := C.FindFirstFile(path_files.to_wide(), voidptr(&find_file_data))
	// Handle cases where files cannot be opened. for example:"System Volume Information"
	if h_find_files == C.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE {
		return error('ls(): Could not get a file handle: ' + get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
	}
	first_filename := unsafe { string_from_wide(&find_file_data.c_file_name[0]) }
	if first_filename != '.' && first_filename != '..' {
		dir_files << first_filename
	}
	for C.FindNextFile(h_find_files, voidptr(&find_file_data)) > 0 {
		filename := unsafe { string_from_wide(&find_file_data.c_file_name[0]) }
		if filename != '.' && filename != '..' {
			dir_files << filename.clone()
		}
	}
	C.FindClose(h_find_files)
	return dir_files
}

// mkdir creates a new directory with the specified path.
pub fn mkdir(path string, params MkdirParams) ! {
	if path == '.' {
		return
	}
	apath := real_path(path)
	if !C.CreateDirectory(apath.to_wide(), 0) {
		return error('mkdir failed for "${apath}", because CreateDirectory returned: ' +
			get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
	}
}

// Ref - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/get-osfhandle?view=vs-2019
// get_file_handle retrieves the operating-system file handle that is associated with the specified file descriptor.
pub fn get_file_handle(path string) HANDLE {
	cfile := vfopen(path, 'rb') or { return HANDLE(invalid_handle_value) }
	handle := HANDLE(C._get_osfhandle(fileno(cfile))) // CreateFile? - hah, no -_-
	return handle
}

// Ref - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/libloaderapi/nf-libloaderapi-getmodulefilenamea
// get_module_filename retrieves the fully qualified path for the file that contains the specified module.
// The module must have been loaded by the current process.
pub fn get_module_filename(handle HANDLE) !string {
	unsafe {
		mut sz := 4096 // Optimized length
		mut buf := &u16(malloc_noscan(4096))
		for {
			status := int(C.GetModuleFileNameW(handle, voidptr(&buf), sz))
			match status {
				success {
					return string_from_wide2(buf, sz)
				}
				else {
					// Must handled with GetLastError and converted by FormatMessageW
					return error('Cannot get file name from handle')
				}
			}
		}
	}
	panic('this should be unreachable') // TODO remove unreachable after loop
}

// Ref - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-FormatMessageWa#parameters
const format_message_allocate_buffer = 0x00000100
const format_message_argument_array = 0x00002000
const format_message_from_hmodule = 0x00000800
const format_message_from_string = 0x00000400
const format_message_from_system = 0x00001000
const format_message_ignore_inserts = 0x00000200

// Ref - winnt.h
const sublang_neutral = 0x00
const sublang_default = 0x01
const lang_neutral = sublang_neutral

// Ref - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/system-error-codes--12000-15999-
const max_error_code = 15841

// ptr_win_get_error_msg return string (voidptr)
// representation of error, only for windows.
fn ptr_win_get_error_msg(code u32) voidptr {
	mut buf := unsafe { nil }
	// Check for code overflow
	if code > u32(os.max_error_code) {
		return buf
	}
	C.FormatMessageW(os.format_message_allocate_buffer | os.format_message_from_system | os.format_message_ignore_inserts,
		0, code, 0, voidptr(&buf), 0, 0)
	return buf
}

// get_error_msg return error code representation in string.
pub fn get_error_msg(code int) string {
	if code < 0 { // skip negative
		return ''
	}
	ptr_text := ptr_win_get_error_msg(u32(code))
	if ptr_text == 0 { // compare with null
		return ''
	}
	return unsafe { string_from_wide(ptr_text) }
}

// execute starts the specified command, waits for it to complete, and returns its output.
// In opposition to `raw_execute` this function will safeguard against content that is known to cause
// a lot of problems when executing shell commands on Windows.
pub fn execute(cmd string) Result {
	if cmd.contains(';') || cmd.contains('&&') || cmd.contains('||') || cmd.contains('\n') {
		return Result{
			exit_code: -1
			output: ';, &&, || and \\n are not allowed in shell commands'
		}
	}
	return unsafe { raw_execute(cmd) }
}

// raw_execute starts the specified command, waits for it to complete, and returns its output.
// It's marked as `unsafe` to help emphasize the problems that may arise by allowing, for example,
// user provided escape sequences.
@[unsafe]
pub fn raw_execute(cmd string) Result {
	mut child_stdin := &u32(0)
	mut child_stdout_read := &u32(0)
	mut child_stdout_write := &u32(0)
	mut sa := SecurityAttributes{}
	sa.n_length = sizeof(C.SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES)
	sa.b_inherit_handle = true
	create_pipe_ok := C.CreatePipe(voidptr(&child_stdout_read), voidptr(&child_stdout_write),
		voidptr(&sa), 0)
	if !create_pipe_ok {
		error_num := int(C.GetLastError())
		error_msg := get_error_msg(error_num)
		return Result{
			exit_code: error_num
			output: 'exec failed (CreatePipe): ${error_msg}'
		}
	}
	set_handle_info_ok := C.SetHandleInformation(child_stdout_read, C.HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT,
		0)
	if !set_handle_info_ok {
		error_num := int(C.GetLastError())
		error_msg := get_error_msg(error_num)
		return Result{
			exit_code: error_num
			output: 'exec failed (SetHandleInformation): ${error_msg}'
		}
	}
	proc_info := ProcessInformation{}
	start_info := StartupInfo{
		lp_reserved2: unsafe { nil }
		lp_reserved: unsafe { nil }
		lp_desktop: unsafe { nil }
		lp_title: unsafe { nil }
		cb: sizeof(StartupInfo)
		h_std_input: child_stdin
		h_std_output: child_stdout_write
		h_std_error: child_stdout_write
		dw_flags: u32(C.STARTF_USESTDHANDLES)
	}

	mut pcmd := cmd
	if cmd.contains('./') {
		pcmd = pcmd.replace('./', '.\\')
	}
	if cmd.contains('2>') {
		pcmd = 'cmd /c "${pcmd}"'
	} else {
		pcmd = 'cmd /c "${pcmd} 2>&1"'
	}
	command_line := [32768]u16{}
	C.ExpandEnvironmentStringsW(pcmd.to_wide(), voidptr(&command_line), 32768)
	create_process_ok := C.CreateProcessW(0, &command_line[0], 0, 0, C.TRUE, 0, 0, 0,
		voidptr(&start_info), voidptr(&proc_info))
	if !create_process_ok {
		error_num := int(C.GetLastError())
		error_msg := get_error_msg(error_num)
		return Result{
			exit_code: error_num
			output: 'exec failed (CreateProcess) with code ${error_num}: ${error_msg} cmd: ${cmd}'
		}
	}
	C.CloseHandle(child_stdin)
	C.CloseHandle(child_stdout_write)
	buf := [4096]u8{}
	mut bytes_read := u32(0)
	mut read_data := strings.new_builder(1024)
	for {
		mut result := false
		unsafe {
			result = C.ReadFile(child_stdout_read, &buf[0], 1000, voidptr(&bytes_read),
				0)
			read_data.write_ptr(&buf[0], int(bytes_read))
		}
		if result == false || int(bytes_read) == 0 {
			break
		}
	}
	soutput := read_data.str()
	unsafe { read_data.free() }
	exit_code := u32(0)
	C.WaitForSingleObject(proc_info.h_process, C.INFINITE)
	C.GetExitCodeProcess(proc_info.h_process, voidptr(&exit_code))
	C.CloseHandle(proc_info.h_process)
	C.CloseHandle(proc_info.h_thread)
	return Result{
		output: soutput
		exit_code: int(exit_code)
	}
}

pub fn symlink(origin string, target string) ! {
	// this is a temporary fix for TCC32 due to runtime error
	// TODO: find the cause why TCC32 for Windows does not work without the compiletime option
	$if x64 || x32 {
		mut flags := 0
		if is_dir(origin) {
			flags ^= 1
		}

		flags ^= 2 // SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE
		res := C.CreateSymbolicLinkW(target.to_wide(), origin.to_wide(), flags)

		// 1 = success, != 1 failure => https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33010440/createsymboliclink-on-windows-10
		if res != 1 {
			return error(get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
		}
		if !exists(target) {
			return error('C.CreateSymbolicLinkW reported success, but symlink still does not exist')
		}
		return
	}
	return error('could not symlink')
}

pub fn link(origin string, target string) ! {
	res := C.CreateHardLinkW(target.to_wide(), origin.to_wide(), C.NULL)
	// 1 = success, != 1 failure => https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33010440/createsymboliclink-on-windows-10
	if res != 1 {
		return error(get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
	}
	if !exists(target) {
		return error('C.CreateHardLinkW reported success, but link still does not exist')
	}
}

pub fn (mut f File) close() {
	if !f.is_opened {
		return
	}
	f.is_opened = false
	C.fflush(f.cfile)
	C.fclose(f.cfile)
}

pub struct ExceptionRecord {
pub:
	// status_ constants
	code        u32
	flags       u32
	record      &ExceptionRecord = unsafe { nil }
	address     voidptr
	param_count u32
	// params []voidptr
}

pub struct ContextRecord {
	// TODO
}

pub struct ExceptionPointers {
pub:
	exception_record &ExceptionRecord = unsafe { nil }
	context_record   &ContextRecord   = unsafe { nil }
}

pub type VectoredExceptionHandler = fn (&ExceptionPointers) u32

// This is defined in builtin because we use vectored exception handling
// for our unhandled exception handler on windows
// As a result this definition is commented out to prevent
// duplicate definitions from displeasing the compiler
// fn C.AddVectoredExceptionHandler(u32, VectoredExceptionHandler)
pub fn add_vectored_exception_handler(first bool, handler VectoredExceptionHandler) {
	C.AddVectoredExceptionHandler(u32(first), voidptr(handler))
}

// uname returns information about the platform on which the program is running.
// Currently `uname` on windows is not standardized, so it just mimics current practices from other popular software/language implementations:
//   busybox-v1.35.0 * `busybox uname -a` => "Windows_NT HOSTNAME 10.0 19044 x86_64 MS/Windows"
//   rust/coreutils-v0.0.17 * `coreutils uname -a` => `Windows_NT HOSTNAME 10.0 19044 x86_64 MS/Windows (Windows 10)`
//   Python3 => `uname_result(system='Windows', node='HOSTNAME', release='10', version='10.0.19044', machine='AMD64')`
// See: [NT Version Info](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT) @@ <https://archive.is/GnnvF>
// and: [NT Version Info (detailed)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions#NT_Kernel-based_2)
pub fn uname() Uname {
	nodename := hostname() or { '' }
	// ToDO: environment variables have low reliability; check for another quick way
	machine := getenv('PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE') // * note: 'AMD64' == 'x86_64' (not standardized, but 'x86_64' use is more common; but, python == 'AMD64')
	version_info := execute('cmd /d/c ver').output
	version_n := (version_info.split(' '))[3].replace(']', '').trim_space()
	return Uname{
		sysname: 'Windows_NT' // as of 2022-12, WinOS has only two possible kernels ~ 'Windows_NT' or 'Windows_9x'
		nodename: nodename
		machine: machine.trim_space()
		release: (version_n.split('.'))[0..2].join('.').trim_space() // Major.minor-only == "primary"/release version
		version: (version_n.split('.'))[2].trim_space()
	}
}

pub fn hostname() !string {
	hostname := [255]u16{}
	size := u32(255)
	res := C.GetComputerNameW(&hostname[0], voidptr(&size))
	if !res {
		return error(get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
	}
	return unsafe { string_from_wide(&hostname[0]) }
}

pub fn loginname() !string {
	loginname := [255]u16{}
	size := u32(255)
	res := C.GetUserNameW(&loginname[0], voidptr(&size))
	if !res {
		return error(get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
	}
	return unsafe { string_from_wide(&loginname[0]) }
}

// ensure_folder_is_writable checks that `folder` exists, and is writable to the process
// by creating an empty file in it, then deleting it.
pub fn ensure_folder_is_writable(folder string) ! {
	if !exists(folder) {
		return error_with_code('`${folder}` does not exist', 1)
	}
	if !is_dir(folder) {
		return error_with_code('`folder` is not a folder', 2)
	}
	tmp_folder_name := 'tmp_perm_check_pid_' + getpid().str()
	tmp_perm_check := join_path_single(folder, tmp_folder_name)
	write_file(tmp_perm_check, 'test') or {
		return error_with_code('cannot write to folder "${folder}": ${err}', 3)
	}
	rm(tmp_perm_check)!
}

@[inline]
pub fn getpid() int {
	return C._getpid()
}

@[inline]
pub fn getppid() int {
	return 0
}

@[inline]
pub fn getuid() int {
	return 0
}

@[inline]
pub fn geteuid() int {
	return 0
}

@[inline]
pub fn getgid() int {
	return 0
}

@[inline]
pub fn getegid() int {
	return 0
}

pub fn posix_set_permission_bit(path_s string, mode u32, enable bool) {
	// windows has no concept of a permission mask, so do nothing
}

//

pub fn (mut c Command) start() ! {
	panic('not implemented')
}

pub fn (mut c Command) read_line() string {
	panic('not implemented')
}

pub fn (mut c Command) close() ! {
	panic('not implemented')
}

fn C.GetLongPathName(short_path &u16, long_path &u16, long_path_bufsize u32) u32

// get_long_path has no meaning for *nix, but has for windows, where `c:\folder\some~1` for example
// can be the equivalent of `c:\folder\some spa ces`. On *nix, it just returns a copy of the input path.
fn get_long_path(path string) !string {
	if !path.contains('~') {
		return path
	}
	input_short_path := path.to_wide()
	defer {
		unsafe { free(input_short_path) }
	}
	long_path_buf := [4096]u16{}
	res := C.GetLongPathName(input_short_path, &long_path_buf[0], sizeof(long_path_buf))
	if res == 0 {
		return error(get_error_msg(int(C.GetLastError())))
	}
	long_path := unsafe { string_from_wide(&long_path_buf[0]) }
	return long_path
}

// C.SYSTEM_INFO contains information about the current computer system. This includes the architecture and type of the processor, the number of processors in the system, the page size, and other such information.
@[typedef]
pub struct C.SYSTEM_INFO {
	dwNumberOfProcessors u32
	dwPageSize           u32
}

fn C.GetSystemInfo(&C.SYSTEM_INFO)

// page_size returns the page size in bytes.
pub fn page_size() int {
	sinfo := C.SYSTEM_INFO{}
	C.GetSystemInfo(&sinfo)
	return int(sinfo.dwPageSize)
}