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Install Kubernetes

To follow the lessons in this tutorial, you need to have the following prerequisites:

  1. a Kubernetes cluster
  2. configuration to access it (in a ~/.kube/config file)
  3. the kubectl CLI binary, aliased to k

There are different ways to set this up - pick one of the options below! (Alternatives include e.g. kind, kubeadm, k3s.io, microk8s.io, OpenShift, kURL, and others; we may add documentation about them later.) If you play with several of these, then kubectx is handy.

Local (or VM) Installations

kind

https://kind.sigs.k8s.io is kind enough to make it as easy as:

go install sigs.k8s.io/kind@v0.17.0

kind create cluster

minikube

minikube with KVM

One of easiest ways to get started on a developer workstation is to use https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start, with a fixed kubernetes release:

minikube start --kubernetes-version=v1.25.3
alias k="minikube kubectl -- "

This typically creates a VM, and works equally well on Windows, Mac and Linux.

minikube None driver

To avoid creating a VM and run the Kubernetes control panel containers straight on the host, which is suitable e.g. inside a new Linux VM which isn't used for anything else, use the Linux "none" (= bare-metal) driver, e.g. with Debian 10 simply:

sudo apt-get install conntrack
sudo sysctl fs.protected_regular=0

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube
sudo -E minikube start --driver=none

sudo chown -R $(id -un):$(id -gn $(id -un)) ~/.kube/
sudo chown -R $(id -un):$(id -gn $(id -un)) ~/.minikube/
alias k="minikube kubectl -- "

minikube on Fedora with Podman instead of KVM

https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/podman/ both rootless and as root does not appear to work :( as of 2022.1111.12 at least on Fedora 36 Workstation, e.g. this hangs and fails:

minikube config set rootless true
minikube start --kubernetes-version=v1.25.3 --profile=rootless-podman --driver=podman --container-runtime=containerd --listen-address=0.0.0.0

similarly this also does not work:

minikube config set rootless false
minikube start --kubernetes-version=v1.25.3 --profile=root-podman --driver=podman --listen-address=0.0.0.0

However on Fedora 36 Workstation, minikube start (above) should just automatically select the kvm2 driver, and work as-is out of the box.

Talos

See https://www.talos.dev/v1.2/introduction/quickstart/ for how to install a Talos Linux Kubernetes locally.

Cloud Installations

Google Cloud Shell minikube

https://cloud.google.com/shell is an easy to use and ready-made VM which already includes Docker and Minikube, so you can simply:

  1. open https://shell.cloud.google.com (or gcloud cloud-shell ssh [--ssh-flag="-A"])
  2. minikube start
  3. alias k="minikube kubectl -- "

To be able to use e.g. GitHub by ssh from this shell, do:

 ln -s ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine ~/.ssh/id_rsa
 ln -s ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine.pub ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

See https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/quickstart, after having enabled billing:

gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
gcloud --project=XXX container clusters create-auto cluster1 --zone=europe-west4
gcloud container clusters get-credentials cluster1 --project=XXX --region=europe-west4

Autopilot clusters accrue a flat fee of $0.10/h (=$75/month, $890/year), so when you're done learning, don't forget to:

gcloud container clusters delete cluster1

Test the Installation

The goal of each of the set-up options above, if successful, is that you should be able to run:

k get pods -A

and see:

NAMESPACE     NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-74ff55c5b-mdlfl            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-system   etcd-vm-test2                      1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-system   kube-apiserver-vm-test2            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-vm-test2   1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-system   kube-proxy-9m598                   1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-system   kube-scheduler-vm-test2            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-system   storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   0          1d