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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Arabic Layout Requirements</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<script src="https://www.w3.org/Tools/respec/respec-w3c-common"
async class="remove"></script>
<script class="remove">
var respecConfig = {
// specification status (e.g. WD, LCWD, WG-NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
useExperimentalStyles: true,
specStatus: "ED",
//publishDate: "2015-07-21",
//previousPublishDate: "2014-12-16",
//previousMaturity: "FPWD",
noRecTrack: true,
shortName: "alreq",
copyrightStart: "2015",
edDraftURI: "http://w3c.github.io/alreq/",
// if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
// lcEnd: "2009-08-05",
// editors, add as many as you like
// only "name" is required
editors: [
{ name: "Shervin Afshar", mailto: "safshar@netflix.com", company: "Netflix" },
{ name: "Behnam Esfahbod", mailto: "zwnj@fb.com", company: "Facebook" },
{ name: "Najib Tounsi", mailto: "ntounsi@emi.ac.ma", company: "W3C" },
{ name: "Mostafa Hajizadeh", mailto: "mostafa@daftar.cc" },
],
wg: "Internationalization Working Group",
wgURI: "http://www.w3.org/International/core/",
wgPublicList: "public-i18n-arabic",
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<body id="respecDocument" role="document" class="h-entry">
<div id="abstract">
<p>This document describes requirements for the layout and presentation of text in languages that use the Arabic script when they are used by Web standards and technologies, such as HTML, CSS, Mobile Web, Digital Publications, and Unicode.</p>
</div>
<div id="sotd">
<p>This document describes the basic requirements for Arabic script layout and text support on the Web and in eBooks. These requirements provide information for Web technologies such as CSS, HTML and digital publications about how to support users of Arabic scripts. Currently the document focuses on Standard Arabic and Persian. </p>
<p>The editor's draft of this document is being developed by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/groups/arabic-layout/">Arabic Layout Task Force</a>, part of the W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/ig/">Internationalization Interest Group</a>. It is published by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/core/">Internationalization Working Group</a>. The end target for this document is a Working Group Note.</p>
<div class="note">
<p data-lang="en" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%">Sending comments on this document</p>
<p data-lang="en">If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please raise them as <a href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/issues" style="font-size: 120%;">github issues</a> <!--against the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-ilreq-20150721/" style="font-size: 120%">latest dated version in /TR</a>-->. Only send comments by email if you are unable to raise issues on github (see links below). All comments are welcome.</p>
<p data-lang="en">To make it easier to track comments, please raise separate issues or emails for each comment, and point to the section you are commenting on using a URL for the dated version of the document.</p>
</div>
</div>
<section id="h_introduction">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<section id="h_about_this_document">
<h2>About this document</h2>
<p>Some text goes here.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="h_arabic_script_overview">
<h2>Arabic Script Overview</h2>
<p>Topic Keywords:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Characters:</strong> Listing the characters—alphabet, diacritics, numerals, and punctuations—which are used with Arabic script. Distinguishing which character is used with which language. Provide sources for the classification (e.g. CLDR exemplar data).</li>
<li><strong>Direction:</strong> Breif description of bidi. Reference to further reading.</li>
<li><strong>Joining:</strong> Describe the joining/non-joining behavour and ligatures briefly and refer to Unicode Standard for in-detail description.</li>
<li><strong>Diacritics:</strong> Describe diacritics, their lack of effect on the joining, and combining them.</li>
<li><strong>Numbers:</strong> Brief description of different sets of numerals and their usage for Arabic and Persian languages.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="h_characters_and_words">
<h2>Characters and Words</h2>
<p>Topic Keywords:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Arrangement and Joining Behaviour:</strong> Application of letter-spacing and its relation with elongation and cursive characterists. Description of different cases of dealing with joining and text alignment, such as behavior of ZWNJ and ZWJ, glyph overlapping, joining and text-shaping behavior across inline markup denoting style or font selection, single-glyph styling without breaking joining, and letter-spacing. Also, see topics under <a href="#h_lines_and_paragraphs">Lines and Paragraphs</a> section.
<li><strong>Spacing:</strong> Use of space as word boundary and exceptions ("و" conjunction in Arabic orthography, "ل" before a non-Arabic script noun). Misuse of space in place of ZWNJ in some Arabic script languages.</li>
<li><strong>Numbers and counting:</strong> An overview of different numbering solutions (digits, Abjad, …) and provide resources and guidelines on how to choose the right set of numerals based on the language.</li>
<li><strong>Font and Typographical considerations:</strong> Common typographical styles and their visual identity according to historical and contemporary usages. Font size considerations for mixed-script text. Ligatures and their categories (optional vs. mandatory). Use or misuse of some generic font-styles such as italic and oblique with Arabic script.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="h_lines_and_paragraphs">
<h2>Lines and Paragraphs</h2>
<p>Topic Keywords:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Line composition rules:</strong> Characters which can not appear in start and end of the line. Mid-word and mid-sentence line breaking behaviour.</li>
<li><strong>Punctuations:</strong> Use and positioning of punctuation marks in the sentence. Use of paired punctuation marks.</li>
<li><strong>Mixed script text:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Directionality and bidi:</strong> Special considerations for mixed script text.</li>
<li><strong>Paragraph adjustment and alignment:</strong> Paragraph spacing and indentation rules.</li>
<li><strong>Tab setting:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Justification and Elongation/Tatweel/Kashida:</strong> Common <a href="#def_justify" class="termref">justification</a> considerations. Patterns of application of tatweel; e.g. only between or after certain characters or grapheme clusters, number of tatweels allowed per line or word, current length of a word and location of it prior to tatweel, flexibility of patterns according to font-families and typographic styles. Possible relationship between tatweel, letter-spacing and decomposition of ligatures.</li>
<li><strong>Hyphenation:</strong> Uses of hyphenation for breaking words across lines; a functioning of Arabic script or specific languages using the writing system?</li>
<li><strong>Word/Sentence boundaries:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Special cases:</strong> Poetry, bullet lists, math, vertical text, drop-letters, etc.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="h_pages">
<h2>Pages</h2>
<p>Topic Keywords:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Basic common templates:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Page elements:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Page-level directionality:</strong> Directionality of page elements. Bidirectional behaviour in mixed script texts on the page.</li>
<li><strong>Arrangement of elements on the page:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Text columns:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Header:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Footers:</strong> Footnotes and numbering schemes.</li>
<li><strong>Illustrations:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Tables:</strong> Directional behvaiour of tables. Mixed script text in tables.
<li><strong>Page numbers:</strong> Positions of page numbers on the page. Mentioning contemporary and traditional use of Abjad page numbering.</li>
<li><strong>Page margins:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Positioning and arrangement of content:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Pagination rules:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Specimens and examples:</strong></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="h_document">
<h2>Document</h2>
<p>Topic Keywords:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Distinguished requirements:</strong> book/ebook/page</li>
<li><strong>Inter-page spacing:</strong></li>
<li><strong>First and last pages:</strong> Common practices for first and last pages.</li>
<li><strong>Table of Contents and lists:</strong></li>
<li><strong>Indexes:</strong> Sorting of names.</li>
<li><strong>Appendices:</strong> Bibliographies, glossaries, endnotes, etc.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="appendix" id="glossary">
<h2>Glossary</h2>
<table class="glossary">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Term</th>
<th>Arabic<span data-lang="zh"></span></th>
<th>Persian<span data-lang="zh"></span></th>
<th>Definition<span data-lang="zh"></span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr id="def_justify">
<td>Justification</td>
<td>ضبط السطور</td>
<td>ترازبندی</td>
<td>To adjust the length of the line so that it is flush left and right on the measure.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section class="appendix" id="acknowledgements">
<h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
<p>Special thanks to the following people who contributed to this document (contributors' names listed in in alphabetic order).</p>
<p class="acknowledgement">This Person, That Person, etc</p>
<p data-lang="en">Please find the latest info of the contributors at the <a href="https://github.com/w3c/alreq/graphs/contributors">GitHub contributors list</a>.</p>
</section>
</body>
</html>