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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>Requirements for Hangul Text Layout and Typography : 한국어 텍스트 레이아웃 및 타이포그래피를 위한 요구사항</title>
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<h1 class="title p-name" id="title">Requirements for Hangul Text Layout and Typography<br/><span lang="ko">한국어 텍스트 레이아웃 및 타이포그래피를 위한 요구사항</span></h1>
<div id="abstract">
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">This document describes requirements for general Korean language/Hangul text layout and typography realized with technologies like CSS, SVG and XSL-FO. The document is mainly based on a project to develop the international standard for Korean text layout.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">이 문서는 CSS, SVG, XSL-FO 등의 기술에서 구현되는 일반적인 한국어/한글 텍스트 레이아웃과 타이포그래피를 위한 요구사항을 기술하고 있다. 이 문서는 한글 텍스트 레이아웃에 대한 국제표준안 제안과제에 근거하고 있다.</p>
</div>
<div id="sotd">
<p>This document describes requirements for general Korean language/Hangul text layout realized with technologies like CSS, SVG and XSL-FO. The document is mainly based on a project to develop the international standard for Korean text layout, and was originally developed by Korean typographic experts and standardization experts in Korean, then translated to English under the guidance of the authors. The English version is the authoritative version. The Working Group expects this document to become a Working Group Note.</p>
<p id="langSwitch">
<button onclick="switchLang('ko')">한국어</button>
<button onclick="switchLang('en')">English</button>
<button onclick="switchLang('all')">All</button>
</p>
</div>
<section id="intro">
<h2><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Introduction</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">소개</span></h2>
<section id="purpose">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Purpose of this Document</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문서의 목적</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Every cultural group has its own language and writing system. Especially between East and West, the difference is great. Thus to digitize the writing system, a lot of data and technology is needed that accurately represents the language and writing system. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">각각의 문화 공동체는 자신만의 언어와 문자 체계를 갖는다. 특히 동양과 서양의 경우에는 이러한 차이가 크다. 따라서 이러한 언어 시스템을 디지털화하여 표현하는 데는 언어 시스템을 정확하게 표현하기 위한 많은 정보와 기술이 필요하다. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The purpose of this document is to explain the important differences between the Korean writing system and others, in order to digitize it. However this document does not provide the solution for actual implementations or problems, but only describes the basic information that should be treated as important issues.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">본 문서의 목적은 한국어/한글 시스템을 디지털화하는데 필요한 다른 언어와의 중요한 차이점을 설명하기 위하여 작성되었다. 그러나 실제 구현이나 문제를 해결하기 위한 솔루션을 제공하는 것이 아닌 기본적인 정보로서 중요하게 처리되어야 할 이슈를 기술하는데 목적이 있다. </p>
</section>
<section id="how-developed">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">How this Document was Created</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문서가 작성된 방법</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">This document was created by discussing the Korean related issues through Korea's Standard Infrastructure Enhancement Program and surveying needs from actual users and technical experts. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">본 문서는 한국 기술 표준원의 표준기술력향상 사업의 지원과제를 통하여 많은 한국어 관련 이슈를 토론하고 실제 사용자와 기술적 전문가로부터 수집된 요구사항을 기반으로 작성되었다. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The following types of experts were involved in the creation of this document:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">본 문서 작성에는 아래와 같은 전문가가 포함되어 있다 : </p>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Korean typography experts</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한국어 텍스트 폰트 전문가</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">International and Domestic (Korea) Standardization Experts</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">국제 및 국내(Korea) 표준 전문가</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Academic and Industry Experts</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">학계, 산업계 전문가</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The contents of this document are related to the Korean writing system, so all discussions took place in Korean, and were then translated into English once the document had been finished.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">본 문서를 개발하기 위해서 언급되는 내용은 한국어 시스템과 연관 있는 내용이므로, 모든 논의는 한국어로 진행되었으며, 개발된 한국어 문서를 기반으로 영문으로 번역되었다. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The technical terms for discussing and describing the Korean writing system were carefully selected after considering potential differences in nuance even if a direct translation exists, and in some parts they were described in both languages so the discussion can be continued in the future. Also many figures are included to promote understanding for certain parts that are hard to describe in English.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한국어 시스템에 대한 논의와 기술 시 기술적인 용어에 대해서는 해당 한국어를 의미하는 영어 단어가 존재한다 하더라도 주위를 기울여 그 두 언어 사이에 존재할 수 있는 잠재적인 차이점과 뉘앙스에 대해 검토하였으며, 한국어와 영어를 동시에 표현하여 향후 논의를 지속할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 많은 그림을 삽입하여 영어로 표현하기 힘든 부분에 대해서 가능한 쉽게 정리하는 노력을 하였다.</p>
</section>
<section id="basicprinciples">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Basic Principles for Document Development</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문서 개발을 위한 기본 원칙</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">This document describes the characteristics of the Korean language system along the lines of the following principles.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">이 문서는 다음의 정책을 따라 한국어의 특성을 주요하게 설명한다. </p>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">It does not cover every issue of Korean typography, but only the important differences from the Western language systems.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한국어 타이포그래피의 모든 이슈를 다루지 않는다. 그러나 서양 언어 시스템과 주요한 차이에 대해 논의한다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">All text in the figures is in Korean, but the technical aspects of actual implementation are not covered by this document.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">모든 이미지의 텍스트는 한국어로 표현한다. 그러나 이를 어떻게 구현하는지에 대한 기술적인 내용은 본 문서의 범위 밖이다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In order to help readers' understanding of how Korean is used, typical real life examples are provided to explain the core combination properties.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">독자가 내용에 대한 사용방법을 보다 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 하기 위해 실제 사용되는 전형적인 예제를 제공한다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Text layout rules and recommendations for readable design are different matters, but it is hard to discuss these two aspects separately. In this document, these two issues are separated carefully.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">텍스트 레이아웃 규칙과 읽도록 하는 디자인의 권고안들은 서로 다르다. 그러나 이들 두 가지 이슈를 각각 독립적으로 논의하기는 어렵다. 본 문서에서는 이 두 형태가 조심스럽게 분리된다. </p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="structure">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The Structure of this Document</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문서의 구조</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">This document consists of six parts as below:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">본 문서는 6개의 장으로 구성되어 있으며 그 구성은 아래와 같다:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Introduction</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">소개</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul fonts</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글폰트</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character typography</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글자 단위 타이포그래피</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Paragraph typography</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 단위 타이포그래피</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Components besides paragraphs</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문단 외 요소</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Page layout</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">쪽 단위 레이아웃</p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<div class="issue">
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">See</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/12">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/12</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/13">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/13</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/14">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/14</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/15">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/15</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="fonts">
<h2><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글폰트</span></h2>
<section id="font-overview">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Font Overview</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 폰트 개요</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The characters used in Hangul Fonts consist of the following: Hangul characters, punctuation marks, Latin alphabetic characters, numbers, and special characters.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 폰트의 글자는 한글, 문장부호, 로마자, 숫자, 특수문자(약물)로 구성된다.</p>
<section id="hangulcodes">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Code Ranges in Unicode</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">유니코드에서 한글 코드 영역</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The Hangul code ranges in Unicode consist of precomposed Hangul syllables and the Hangul 'Jamo' alphabet. (Refer to [[[#app-A]]] for the code table.)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">유니코드의 한글 영역에는 완성형 한글 글자와 자모로 구성되어 있다. (코드표는 부속서 A 참조)</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Syllables: U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3 </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">완성형 한글: U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Jamo: U+1100 ~ U+11FF </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 자모: U+1100 ~ U+11FF</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Jamo for Compatibility: U+3130 ~ U+318E </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 호환 자모: U+3130 ~ U+318E</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Jamo Extended-A: U+A960 ~ U+A970 </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 자모 확장-A: U+A960 ~ U+A970</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Jamo Extended-B: U+D780 ~ U+D7FB </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 자모 확장-B: U+D780 ~ U+D7FB</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="fonts-punctuationcodes">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Punctuation Mark Code Ranges based on Unicode</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">유니코드에 의거한 한글 문장 부호 영역</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Following punctuation marks are used in a Hangul environment. (Refer to [[[#app-A]]] for the code table.)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 환경에서는 다음과 같은 문장 부호를 사용한다. (코드표는 부속서 A 참조)</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Basic Latin (U+0020~U+007F): Latin alphabet and numerals</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">기본 로마자 (U+0020~U+007F): 로마자(비례폭), 숫자, 반각 약물</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">General Punctuation (U+2010~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">일반 구독점 (U+2010~): 굽은 따옴표</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Superscripts and Subscripts (U+2070~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">위첨자, 아래첨자 (U+2070~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Currency Symbols (U+20A0~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">통화 기호 (U+20A0~): ₩</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Letterlike Symbols (U+2100~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자형 기호 (U+2100~): ℃, ℉, №</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Number Forms (U+2050~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">숫자류 (U+2050~) : 분수, 로마 숫자</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Arrows (U+2190~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">화살표 (U+2190~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Mathematical Operators (U+2200~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">수학 기호 (U+2200~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Enclosed Alphanumerics (U+2460~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">둘러싼 로마자·숫자 (U+2460~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Box Drawing (U+2500~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">괘선 요소 (U+2500~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Block Elements (U+2580~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">블럭 요소 (U+2580~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Geometric Shapes (U+25A0~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">기하 도형 (U+25A0~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Miscellaneous Symbols (U+2600~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">기타 기호 (U+2600~): 별, 하트, 깃발, 해, 구름. 달, 우산</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Dingbats (U+2700~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">딩벳 장식 기호 (U+2700~)</p>
</li>
<!--li><p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 호환 자모 (U+3130~) </p></li-->
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Symbols and Punctuation (U+3000~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">CJK 기호 및 구두점 (U+3000~): 전각 괄호, 온점, 고리점</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">둘러싼 CJK 문자·숫자 (U+3200~)</p>
<!--li><p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 자모 확장A (U+A960~)</p></li>
<li><p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 완성형 (U+AC00~U+D7A3)</p></li>
<li><p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 자모 확장B (U+D7B0~)</p></li-->
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Enclosed CJK Letters and Months (U+3200~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Compatibility Ideographs (U+F900~) </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">CJK호환한자 (U+F900~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Compatibility Symbols and Punctuation for Vertical Writing (U+FE30~FE48)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">CJK호환형 (U+FE30~FE48): 세로짜기 괄호, 구독점</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/1">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/1</a></p>
</section>
<section id="fonts-horizvertpunct">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Punctuation Marks in Horizontal and Vertical Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 가로짜기 및 세로짜기 문장 부호</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Symbols and Punctuation (U+3008~U+300F) are used by default. However, in the case of punctuation, half-width punctuation (pause (comma) U+002C, full stop (period) U+002E) is used for horizontal writing, and full-width punctuation (ideographic comma U+3001, ideographic full stop U+3002) are used for vertical writing.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">CJK 전각 기호와 문장부호(CJK Symbols and Punctuation; U+3008~U+300F)를 기본으로 사용한다. 단, 구독점의 경우, 가로짜기에는 반각 문장 부호(반점(쉼표); U+002C, 온점(마침표); U+002E)를, 세로짜기에는 전각 문장 부호(모점; U+3001, 고리점; U+3002) 사용을 기본값으로 한다. </p>
<figure> <img src="images/2-1.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Symbols and Punctuation (U+3000~) for Horizontal Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로쓰기용 CJK 전각 기호와 문장부호(U+3000~)</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<figure> <img src="images/2-2.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Symbols and Punctuation (U+FE30~) for Vertical Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로쓰기용 CJK 전각 기호와 문장부호(U+FE30~)</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
</section>
<section id="fonts-types">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Font Types</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 폰트의 종류</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul uses both fixed width and proportional width fonts.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글은 낱 글자의 글자틀의 너비에 따라 비례폭과 고정폭을 사용한다.</p>
<section id="fonts-proportional">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Proportional Width Hangul Fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">비례폭 한글 폰트</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In this mode, Hangul (Hangul Syllables U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3) glyphs use 'character frame width proportional to each letter face width'.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko"> 한글(Hangul Syllables; U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3) 글리프가 ‘각 글자면 너비에 비례하는 글자틀 폭’을 사용하는 방식이다.</p>
</section>
<section id="fonts-fixedwidth">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Fixed Width Hangul Fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">고정폭 한글 폰트</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In this mode, Hangul (Hangul Syllables U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3) glyphs use fixed values for character frame width.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글(Hangul Syllables; U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3) 글리프에 일정한 글자틀 폭을 사용하는 방식이다. </p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="fonts-letterfaceposn">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">'Letter Face Position in Character Frame' Standard</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">'글자틀 내 글자면 위치' 표준</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Standardization of 'letter face position in character frame' of fixed width Hangul fonts improves the compatibility of the space between Hangul font characters. (The relation between each side's spaces remains even when the Hangul font is changed. It prevents a paragraph's left outline being scattered when the opening quotation mark or parenthesis at the line head has an unexpected space).</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">고정폭 한글 폰트의 '글자틀 내 글자면 위치'를 표준화는 한글 폰트 간의 글자사이 비율 호환성을 향상하기 위함이다(한글 폰트를 변경해도 문장부호의 좌우 여백 관계가 그대로 유지되도록 한다. 글줄 시작에 위치한 열기 괄호·따옴표에 의도치 않은 여백이 생겨 단락의 왼쪽 외곽선이 흐트러지는 경우를 방지한다).</p>
<figure> <img src="images/2-3.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Letter face position in the character frame</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글자틀 내 글자면 위치</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/10">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/10</a></p>
<section id="fonts-faceposnparens">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Arrangement of 'Letter Face Position in Character Frame' for Full Width Parentheses</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">전각 괄호의 '글자틀 내 글자면 위치' 지정</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In horizontal writing, the letter face of a full width opening parenthesis is placed on the right end of the character frame, and the left space is considered a user controlled area. In vertical writing, the letter face of a full width opening parenthesis is placed on the bottom end of character frame, and the space is considered a user controlled area.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기의 경우 전각 열기 괄호의 글자면은 글자틀의 오른쪽(가로짜기)·아랫쪽(세로짜기) 끝에 두고, 왼쪽 여백은 사용자 조정 영역으로 간주한다. 세로짜기의 경우 전각 열기 괄호의 글자면은 글자틀의 아랫쪽 끝에 두고, 여백은 사용자 조정 영역으로 간주한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/2-5.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Full-width opening parentheses and quotation marks positioned in the character frame （｛［〔《「『 ‘ “ (U+FF08, U+FF5B, U+FF3B, U+3014, U+300A, U+300C, U+300E, U+2018, U+201C)</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">전각 열기 괄호와 굽은 열기 따옴표의 글자틀 내 위치 （｛［〔《「『 ‘ “ (U+FF08, U+FF5B, U+FF3B, U+3014, U+300A, U+300C, U+300E, U+2018, U+201C)</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In horizontal writing, the letter face of a full width closing parenthesis is placed on the left end of the character frame, and the space is considered a user controlled area. In vertical writing, the letter face of a full width closing parenthesis is placed on the top end of the character frame, and the space is considered a user controlled area.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기의 경우 전각 닫기 괄호의 글자면은 글자틀의 왼쪽(가로짜기)·윗쪽(세로짜기) 끝에 두고, 오른쪽 여백은 사용자 조정 영역으로 간주한다. 세로짜기의 경우 전각 닫기 괄호의 글자면은 글자틀의 윗쪽 끝에 두고, 여백은 사용자 조정 영역으로 간주한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/2-4.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Full-width closing parentheses and quotation marks positioned in the character frame ）｝］〕》」』’ ” (U+FF09, U+FF5D, U+FF3D, U+3015, U+300B, U+300D, U+300F, U+2019, U+201D)</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">전각 닫기 괄호와 굽은 닫기 따옴표의 글자틀 내 위치 ）｝］〕》」』’ ” (U+FF09, U+FF5D, U+FF3D, U+3015, U+300B, U+300D, U+300F, U+2019, U+201D)</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section id="fonts-facepos-punc">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Arrangement of 'Letter Face Position in Character Frame' for Punctuation</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">구두점의 '글자틀 내 글자면 위치' 지정</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The letter face of punctuation marks is placed at the left end of the character frame. The remaining space is available for use as a controllable margin by the font user.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기의 경우 글자틀의 왼쪽 끝에 글자면을 배치한다. 나머지 우측 영역은 폰트 사용자의 임의 여백 지정이 가능하도록 한다. </p>
<figure> <img src="images/2-6.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Punctuation marks positioned in the character frame . , 。、(U+002E, U+002C, U+3002, U+3001)</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">구두점의 글자틀 내 위치 . , 。、(U+002E, U+002C, U+3002, U+3001)</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section id="fonts-facepos-other">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Arrangement of 'Letter Face Position in Character Frame' for Other Glyphs</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">기타 글리프의 '글자틀 내 글자면 위치' 지정</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Other glyphs are designed with either proportional or fixed width.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">비레폭 혹은 고정폭으로 디자인한다.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="fonts-kerning">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Kerning for Hangul Fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 폰트 커닝</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">This is a typographic option for adjusting the kerning between all characters or character classes used in a Hangul environment. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 환경에 사용되는 모든 문자 또는 문자 클래스 간의 커닝을 조정하는 타이포그래픽 옵션이다. </p>
<section id="chars-kerning-adjust">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Adjustment of Kerning for Hangul Fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 폰트에 커닝 적용</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul font kerning is adjusted by considering the inner space and contour region of Hangul syllables that are composed of Hangul Jamos.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 커닝은 초성, 중성, 종성의 조합에 따라 만들어지는 글자의 속공간과 외곽영역을 고려하여 지정한다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/2-30.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/2-4-1.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Adjustment of kerning for Hangul fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 폰트 커닝 적용</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section id="chars-kerning-group">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Group Kerning for Hangul Fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 그룹 커닝</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Group kerning can be applied for efficient adjustment of kerning for the 11,172 Hangul syllables. In order to apply Hangul group kerning, kerning groups are defined first, then groups are paired.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 완성형 11,172자의 커닝 작업에는 효율적인 작업을 위해 그룹 커닝을 적용할 수 있다. 그룹 커닝을 적용하기 위해서 커닝 그룹을 설정하고 그룹 커닝의 짝을 지정한다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/2-31.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/2-4-2.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Defining kerning groups for Hangul fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 커닝 그룹 작성</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/2-32.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/2-4-3.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Pairing kerning groups for Hangul fonts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 그룹 커닝의 짝 적용</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="characters">
<h2><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Typography for characters</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글자 단위 타이포그래피</span></h2>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Typographic options include the control of characters and the control of paragraphs. In this chapter, the font itself and options in the system for controlling the font are described.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">타이포그래픽 옵션에는 활자 단위로 제어하는 옵션과 단락 단위로 제어하는 옵션이 있다. 여기에서는 폰트 자체와 폰트를 다루는 시스템 상의 설정 모두를 다룬다.</p>
<section id="chars-charclasses">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">About Character Classes</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자 클래스에 대하여</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Characters or symbols with same characteristics in the typographic environment are classified, then writing options are applied for each character class.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko"> 타이포그래피 환경에서 동일한 특성을 갖는 문자·기호를 분류하여 문자 클래스별로 조판 설정을 적용한다.</p>
<section id="chars-ttc">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Typical Typographic Characteristics</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">대표적 타이포그래픽 특성</span></h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Full-width, half-width, and proportional-width for character frame width. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글자틀 폭에는 전각, 반각, 비례폭이 있다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character groups that cannot be placed at the line head.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글줄 시작에 올 수 없는 문자 군이 있다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character groups that cannot be placed at the line end.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글줄 끝에 올 수 없는 문자 군이 있다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Inter-character space between the character groups. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자 군 간의 경계지점에 글자사이 설정한다(예를 들어 4분각 삽입).</p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="chars-grouping">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Examples for Grouping by Typographic Characteristic of Characters and Symbols</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자·기호의 타이포그래픽 특성별 분류 예시</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In a Hangul environment, characters and symbols are classified by typographic characteristics, into 32 classes.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 환경에서 문자와 기호는 타이포그래픽 특성에 따라 괄호, 하이픈, 문장구분 기호 등 32가지로 구분한다.</p>
<div class="indent">
<dl>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl1. Hangul Opening Parenthesis</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl1. 한글 열기 괄호</dt>
<dd>（｛［〔《「『 ‘ “ (U+FF08, U+FF5B, U+FF3B, U+3014, U+300A, U+300C, U+300E, U+2018, U+201C)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl2. Hangul Closing Parenthesis</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl2. 한글 닫기 괄호</dt>
<dd>）｝］〕》」』’ ” (U+FF09, U+FF5D, U+FF3D, U+3015, U+300B, U+300D, U+300F, U+2019, U+201D)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl3. Latin Alphabet Opening Parenthesis</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl3. 로마자 열기 괄호 </dt>
<dd>( { [ (U+0028, U+007B, U+005B)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl4. Latin Alphabet Closing Parenthesis</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl4. 로마자 닫기 괄호 </dt>
<dd>) } ] (U+0029, U+007D, U+005D)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl5. Hyphen Symbols</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl5. 하이픈 기호 </dt>
<dd>‐-—〜(U+2010, U+002D, U+2014, U+FF5E)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl6. Dividing Punctuation Marks</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl6. 문장 구분 기호 </dt>
<dd>？！ (U+FF1F, U+FF01)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl7. Middle Dots</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl7. 중점류</dt>
<dd>· : ; ： ；(U+00B7, U+003A, U+FF1A, U+FF1B)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl8. Period Marks (Full Stops)</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl8. 마침표 기호(구점)</dt>
<dd>. 。．(U+002E, U+3002, U+FF0E, U+3001, U+2014, U+FF0C)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl9. Commas (Pause Marks)</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl9. 쉼표 기호(독점)</dt>
<dd> ,、(U+3001, U+2014, U+FF0C)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl10. Inseparable Characters</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl10. 분리 금지 기호</dt>
<dd>— … ‥ (U+2014, U+2026, U+2025)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl11. Ditto Mark</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl11. 반복 기호류</dt>
<dd>〃(U+3003)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl12. Prolonged Sound Mark</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl12. 장음 기호</dt>
<dd>ー (U+30FC)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl13. Prefixed Abbreviations</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl13. 숫자 앞 기호</dt>
<dd>$, ¥ </dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl14. Postfixed Abbreviations</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl14. 숫자 뒤 기호</dt>
<dd>%, ℃</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl15. Spaces</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl15. 공목</dt>
<dd> (U+3000, U+2002)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl16. Precomposed Hangul</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl16. 완성형 한글</dt>
<dd>(U+AC00~U+D7A3)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl17. Hangul Jamo</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl17. 한글 자모</dt>
<dd>(U+3130~, U+A960~, U+A960~)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl18. Math Symbols</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl18. 부호류</dt>
<dd>＝≠＜＞≦≧⊆⊇∪∩</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl19. Math Operators</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl19. 연산 기호</dt>
<dd>＋－÷×</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl20. Hanja (CJK Ideographic Characters)</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl20. 한자류(CJK호환한자)</dt>
<dd> (U+F900~)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl21. Proportional Width Latin Alphabet</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl21. 비례폭 로마자</dt>
<dd>(U+0041~U+005A, U+0061~U+007A)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl22. Full-Width Unit Symbols</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl22. 전각단위기호</dt>
<dd its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">㎥; mainly used for vertical writing</dd>
<dd its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">㎥; 주로 세로짜기에 사용한다.</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl23. Latin Alphabet Space</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl23. 로마자 띄어쓰기</dt>
<dd> (U+0020)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl24. Latin Alphabet Characters</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl24. 로마자용 문자</dt>
<dd>(U+002C~… ~U+261E)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl25. Proportional-Width Numerals</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl25. 비례폭 숫자</dt>
<dd>(U+0030~U+0039)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl26. Fixed Width Half-width Numerals </dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl26. 고정폭 반각 숫자</dt>
<dd>(U+0030~U+0039)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl27. Fixed Width Full-width Numerals</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl27. 고정폭 전각 숫자</dt>
<dd> (U+0020~U+007F)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl28. Fixed Width Full-width Numerals</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl28. 고정폭 전각 로마자</dt>
<dd>(U+FF21~U+FF5A)</dd>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">cl29. CJK Ideographs</dt>
<dt its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">cl29. 글줄 시작 지점 문자(상대값)</dt>
<dd>(U+4E00~U+9FFF)</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</section>
<section id="chars-placement">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Placement Mode for Each Character Class</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">각 문자 클래스별 배치 방법</span></h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Rule setting: For each character class, set whether it can or not be placed at the line head or end. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">금칙 설정: 문자 클래스 별로, 글줄 시작·끝에 배치 가능 여부를 설정한다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Space setting between character classes: Set up spaces between each character class.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자 클래스 간 간격 설정: 각 문자 클래스 간의 간격을 설정한다.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="chartypes">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character Types and Typographic Rules Used in Hangul Environment</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 환경에서 사용하는 문자(문장 부호 제외) 종류와 타이포그래피 규칙</span></h3>
<section id="chartypes-inhangul">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character Types in Hangul Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 조판에 사용하는 문자 종류</span></h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Compatibility Jamo (U+3130~) </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 호환 자모 (U+3130~) </p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Enclosed CJK Characters and Numerals (U+3200~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">둘러싼 CJK 문자·숫자(21~50) (U+3200~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Ideographs (U+4E00~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Jamo Extended-A (U+A960~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 자모 확장 (U+A960~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Precomposed Syllables (U+AC00~U+D7A3) </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 완형성 (U+AC00~U+D7A3)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul Jamo Extended-B (U+D7B0~)</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 자모 확장B (U+D7B0~)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">CJK Compatibility Ideographs (U+F900~) </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">CJK 호환 한자 (U+F900~)</p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="chartypes-intercharspace">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Inter-Character Spacing for Hangul, Hanja, Kana, etc</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글, 한자, 가나 등 문자의 글자사이 설정</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Characters like Hangul, Hanja, or Kana have zero space between characters by default. Additionally, there are inter-character space settings such as narrower or wider, to support double-sided justification.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글, 한자, 가나 등의 문자는 글자사이 0으로 배열하는 것을 기본으로 한다. 추가적으로 좁혀짜기, 넓혀짜기, 양끝 맞추기 등의 글자사이 설정 방식이 있다.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="hangulromanmix">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul and Latin Mixed Writing (Including Partial Horizontal Writing in Vertical Writing)</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 및 로마자 섞어짜기(세로 짜기 중 일부 가로 짜기 옵션 포함)</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Mixed writing in a Hangul sentence with Latin alphabetic characters, numbers, or symbols inside.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">섞어짜기는 한글 문장 속에 로마자, 숫자, 기호 등을 함께 짜는 경우를 말한다.</p>
<section id="mixed-horiz">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Characters for Horizontal Hangul and Latin Mixed Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글·로마자 섞어짜기에 사용하는 문자; 가로짜기</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul syllables, proportional width basic Latin, and fixed width or proportional width Arabic numerals are used. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">완성형 한글(Hangul Syllables), 비례폭 로마자(Basic Latin), 고정폭 또는 비례폭 아라비아 숫자를 사용한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/3-1.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Example of horizontal mixed writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기 섞어짜기 예</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section id="mixed-vertical">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Characters for Vertical Hangul and Latin Mixed Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글·로마자 섞어짜기에 사용하는 문자; 세로짜기</span></h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Each Latin character is placed vertically.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">로마자를 한 글자씩 세로로 배열한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/3-2.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Example of vertical Latin in mixed writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기 로마자 섞어짜기</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Latin characters are placed 90 degrees rotated.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">로마자를 시계방향 90도로 회전하여 배열한다. </p>
<figure> <img src="images/3-3.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Example of vertical Latin rotated in mixed writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기 로마자 회전 섞어짜기 예</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Partial horizontal writing in vertical writing; two-digit numbers are rotated 90 degrees as a group, then aligned by the center of the line. Used mainly for two-digit numbers.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로 짜기 중 일부 가로 짜기 처리; 두 자릿수의 숫자의 경우 그룹화하여 시계방향 90도로 회전한 후, 글줄 가운데에 정렬한다. 주로 두 자릿수 숫자에 사용한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/3-4.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Example of partial horizontal writing in vertical writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로 짜기 중 일부 가로 짜기 예</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="supsubscript">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Superscripts and Subscripts</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">첨자 처리</span></h3>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Superscripts and subscripts are placed next to a base character. Superscripts and subscripts are used for SI units, numeric·chemical formulae, footnote numbers, etc. The space between the base character and the superscript or subscript is zero by default.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">첨자는 문자(어미 글자) 옆에 붙이는데 그 위치에 따라 윗 첨자와 아랫 첨자가 있다. 국제단위계(SI)의 단위, 수식, 화학식, 각주 번호 등에 사용한다. 어미글자와 첨자의 글자사이는 0을 기본으로 한다.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Usually the size of the superscript or subscript is 60~70% of the size of the base character.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">첨자의 크기는 일반적으로 어미 글자의 60~70%를 많이 사용한다</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/3-5.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/3-5.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Examples of superscript·subscript</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">첨자 예</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section id="signmatharrange">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Arrangement of Signs, Math Symbols</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">등호 류, 연산 기호 배열</span></h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The space between signs, math symbols and Hangul characters is a user defined space (1/8-width space recommended) by default.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">부호류, 연산 기호류와 한글과의 글자사이는 사용자 정의 공백(8분각 권장) 지정을 기본으로 한다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The space between signs or math symbols and numerals or Latin alphabetic text is zero by default.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">부호류, 연산 기호류와 숫자, 로마자와의 글자사이는 0을 기본으로 한다.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="paragraphs">
<h2><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Typography for paragraphs</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 단위 타이포그래피</span></h2>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Typographic options include the control of characters and the control of paragraphs. This issue describes the writing/layout/editing system settings that control the font, not the font itself.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">타이포그래픽 옵션에는 활자 단위로 제어하는 옵션과 단락 단위로 제어하는 옵션이 있다. 이 이슈에서는 폰트 자체가 아닌 폰트를 다루는 조판/레이아웃/편집 시스템 상의 설정을 다룬다.</p>
<section id="para-direction">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Writing Direction (Horizontal Writing, Vertical Writing)</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">짜기 방향 (가로짜기, 세로짜기)</span></h3>
<section id="para-writingdirection">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Writing Direction in Hangul Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 조판에서의 활자 짜기 방향</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Hangul is written both horizontally and vertically.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글 짜기에는 가로짜기와 세로짜기가 있다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-1.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-1.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Horizontal writing and vertical writing (arrow indicates the text direction)</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기 및 세로짜기 (화살표는 텍스트 진행방향을 나타낸다)</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section id="para-diffs">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Major Differences between Horizontal Writing and Vertical Writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기와 세로짜기의 주요 차이점</span></h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The direction of characters, lines, columns, and pages is as follows.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자, 글줄, 단, 페이지의 진행 방향은 다음과 같다.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In vertical writing:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기의 경우:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Characters progress from top to bottom, and lines progress from right to left.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자는 위에서 아래로, 글줄은 오른쪽에서 왼쪽으로 진행한다.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Columns progress from top to bottom, pages progress from right to left, and pages are turned from left to right.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단은 위에서 아래로, 페이지는 오른쪽에서 왼쪽으로 진행하며. 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로 페이지를 넘긴다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-2.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-2.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character direction in vertical writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기에서 글자 진행 방향</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In horizontal writing:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기의 경우:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Characters progress from left to right, and lines progress from top to bottom.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자는 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로, 글줄은 위에서 아래로 진행한다.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Columns progress from left to right, and pages progress from left to right, and pages are turned from right to left.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단은 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로, 페이지는 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로 진행하며, 오른쪽에서 왼쪽으로 페이지를 넘긴다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-3.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-3.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character direction in horizontal writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기에서 글자 진행 방향</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">The direction of Latin alphabetic characters and numerals inserted in sentences is as below:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문장에 삽입된 로마자 및 숫자의 방향은 다음과 같다:</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Regular direction is used in horizontal writing, and there are three ways of arranging text in vertical writing.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기는 정상적인 방향으로 배치하고, 세로짜기 경우는, 다음 세 가지 배치 방법이 있다.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Each character is arranged in the same direction as the Hangul characters.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글과 같은 방향으로 한 글자씩 배열한다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-4.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-4.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character arrangement in vertical writing – normal arrangement.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기에서 글자 배열 - 일반적인 배열</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Characters are rotated 90 degrees, mainly for Latin alphabet words.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문자를 시계 방향으로 90도를 돌려 배열한다. 주로 로마자 단어를 표현한다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-5.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-5.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character arrangement in vertical writing – 90-degree-rotation.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기에서 글자 배열 - 90도 회전 배열</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Arrangement the same as Hangul characters. Two digit numbers rotated 90 degrees as a group, then aligned by the center of a line.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">한글과 같은 방향으로 한다. 두 자릿수의 숫자는 그룹화하여 시계방향 90도로 회전한 후, 글줄 가운데에 정렬한다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-6.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-6.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Character arrangement in vertical writing – composed character arrangement.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기에서 글자 배열 - 합자 배열</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Captions or titles of tables, figures, etc. are rotated clockwise or counter-clockwise. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">표, 그림 등의 캡션 이나 제목은 시계방향 또는 반 시계방향으로 회전하여 배열한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/4-7.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">90 degree rotated table and table caption in vertical writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로쓰기에서 90도 회전한 표 및 표 캡션</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/2">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/2</a></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In vertical writing, the caption top of tables, figures, etc. is positioned to the right side of the page. If the caption is in a horizontal direction, the caption top is positioned to the top side of the page.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기에서 표, 그림 등의 상단이 면의 오른쪽에 오도록 배열한다. 가로방향 캡션 처리를 할 경우는 표, 그림 등의 상단이 면의 위쪽으로 오도록 배열한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/4-8.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Example of a figure using the top side of the page in vertical writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기에서 그림이 면 위쪽 사용 예</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/3">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/3</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In horizontal writing, the caption top of tables, figures, etc. is positioned to the left side of the page. If the caption is in a horizontal direction, the caption top is positioned to the top side of the page.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기에서 표, 그림 등의 상단이 면의 왼쪽에 오도록 배열한다. 가로방향 캡션 처리를 할 경우는 표, 그림 등의 상단이 면의 위쪽으로 오도록 배치한다.</p>
<figure> <img src="images/4-9.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">90-degree-rotated table and table caption in horizontal writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로쓰기에서 90도 회전한 표 및 표 캡션</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/2">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/2</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Line adjustment; it is possible to do line adjustment regardless of columns in multi-column layout. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글줄 맞추기, 여러 단으로 구성된 레이아웃에서, 단에 무관하게 글줄 맞추기를 할 수 있다</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Vertical writing, align vertical lines in each column.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기, 각 단의 세로 줄을 맞춘다</p>
<figure> <img src="images/4-10.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Example of line adjustment in vertical writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로쓰기에서 글줄 맞추기 예</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/3">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/3</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Horizontal writing, align horizontal lines in each column.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">17 가로짜기, 각 단의 가로 줄을 맞춘다</p>
<figure> <img src="images/4-11.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Example of line adjustment in horizontal writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로쓰기에서 글줄 맞추기 예</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="paraadjust">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en"> Paragraph Adjustment</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 정렬, 맞추기</span></h3>
<section id="line-head-indent">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Indentation</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 첫 글줄 들여짜기</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Indentation, by emptying the beginning of a line when a new paragraph starts, is applied so that the division into paragraphs is shown clearly. The value of the character width in the specific paragraph is used as the default unit for indentation.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">새 단락이 시작될 때마다 글줄 시작을 비워주는 들여짜기를 적용하여 단락 구분을 명확하게 보여준다. 들여짜기의 단위는 해당 단락에 사용된 글자 폭으로 지정하는 것을 기본으로 한다.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Line head indentations on every paragraph. The most common writing mode. </p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">모든 단락의 첫 글줄 들여짜기. 가장 일반적인 조판 방법이다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-12.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-12.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Indentation on the first lines in horizontal writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로쓰기에서 첫 글줄 들여짜기</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">No indentation on all paragraphs. More suitable for horizontal writing where the length of lines is shorter, relatively, than vertical writing.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">모든 단락을 들여짜지 않음. 세로짜기 보다는 글줄 길이가 비교적 짧게 편성되는 가로짜기에 적합하다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-13.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-13.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">No indentation on all lines in horizontal writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로쓰기에서 모든 글줄 들여짜기 없음</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Indentation on the first line of every paragraph, but not applied to the first paragraph of a page or the paragraph right after a title.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">모든 단락의 첫 글줄 들여짜기를 적용하나, 장의 최초 단락이나 제목 직후의 단락에는 적용하지 않는다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-14.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-14.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">No indentation on the first line in horizontal writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로쓰기에서 최초 단락에 글줄 들여짜기 없음</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/4">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/4</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="other-indent">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Indentation besides Line Head Indentation</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 첫 글줄 외 들여짜기</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Indentation is applied to all lines besides the first line of a paragraph for bulleted list, numbered list, etc.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글머리 기호(bulleted list), 번호 매기기(Numbered list) 등은 단락 첫 글줄을 제외한 모든 글줄에 들여짜기를 적용한다.</p>
</section>
<section id="inward-indent">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Inward Paragraph Indentation and Outward Paragraph Indentation</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">내어짜기와 들여짜기</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Inward paragraph indentation is writing placed inside of the page body by a certain number of characters, and outward paragraph indentation is writing placed outside of the page body.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글자 수만큼 판면 안쪽으로 들이는 조판을 들여짜기라 하고, 판면 바깥쪽으로 내는 조판을 내어짜기라고 한다.</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-15.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-15.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Inward and outward paragraph indentation in horizontal writing.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로쓰기에서 내어짜기와 들여짜기</span></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section id="para-line-align">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Paragraph Line Alignment</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 정렬</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Line alignment means aligning a line to the position of a certain character.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">정렬은 하나의 글줄을 단위로 하여 특정 문자의 위치에 맞추는 것을 의미한다.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Center Alignment: apply zero or a specified value to the space between adjacent characters, and equally apply the same amount of space at both sides of the line. Align to the center of the line.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">중앙 정렬: 인접 문자 간의 글자사이를 0 또는 명시된 수치를 적용하고, 글줄 시작과 끝의 공간을 균등 적용한다. 각 글줄 가운데 지점을 기준으로 정렬한다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Line Head Alignment (left side alignment in horizontal writing): apply zero or a specified value to the space between adjacent characters, and align to the line head. If the number of characters in the last line is not enough to be a full line, fill from the line head and empty the line end.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글줄 시작 정렬(가로짜기의 경우 왼끝 정렬): 인접 문자 간의 글자사이를 0 또는 명시된 수치를 적용하고, 글줄 시작 지점을 기준으로 정렬한다. 마지막 글줄의 글자 수가 한 글줄을 채우지 못할 경우, 글줄 시작의 공간을 채우고 글줄 끝을 비운다. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Line End Alignment (right side alignment in horizontal writing): apply zero or a specified value to the space between adjacent characters, and align to the line end. If the number of characters in the last line is not enough to be a full line, fill from the line end and empty the line head.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글줄 끝 정렬(가로짜기의 경우 오른끝 정렬): 인접 문자 간의 글자사이를 0 또는 명시된 수치를 적용하고, 글줄 끝 지점을 기준으로 정렬한다. 마지막 글줄의 글자 수가 한 글줄을 채우지 못할 경우, 글줄 끝의 공간을 채우고 글줄 시작을 비운다. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Even Space Alignment: apply zero or a specified value to the space between adjacent characters, and align by the line head and the line end. If the number of characters in the last line is not enough to be a full line, fill from the line head and empty the line end.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글줄 양끝 정렬: 인접 문자 간의 글자사이를 0 또는 명시된 수치를 적용하고, 글줄 시작 지점과 끝 지점을 기준으로 정렬한다. 마지막 글줄의 글자 수가 한 글줄을 채우지 못할 경우, 글줄 시작의 공간을 채우고 글줄 끝을 비운다. 글자사이 간격 조정 시 단어 간격과 글자사이 선택 조정 가능하다.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Even Space Alignment with Forced End: apply zero or a specified value to the space between adjacent characters, then align by the line head and the line end. If the number of characters in the last line is not enough to be a full line, fill from the line head to the line end by force-adjusting the space between characters.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">글줄 강제 정렬: 인접 문자 간의 글자사이를 0 또는 명시된 수치를 적용하고, 글줄 시작 지점과 끝 지점을 기준으로 정렬한다. 마지막 글줄의 글자 수가 한 글줄을 완벽히 채우지 못할 경우, 글자사이 간격을 강제 조정하여 글줄 시작 지점과 끝 지점을 맞추어 채운다</p>
<figure> <img its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en" src="images/4-16.png" alt="" /> <img its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko" src="ko/images/4-16.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Paragraph Line Alignment.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 정렬 방법</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/5">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/5</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="last-line-indent">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Last Line of Paragraph Adjustment</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 마지막 줄 정렬</span></h4>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">This is a process to avoid a situation when the number of characters in the last line of a paragraph is lower than the recommended minimum number. This is also called the widow process.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">단락 마지막 줄의 글자 수가 권장 최소값을 만족시키지 못하는 경우를 피하기 위한 처리. 위도우(widow)처리라고도 한다.</p>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/6">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/6</a></p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="punc-process">
<h3><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en"> Writing Process for Punctuation Marks, etc.</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">문장 부호 등의 조판 처리</span></h3>
<section id="writing-dir-mark">
<h4><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Changing Punctuation Marks Depending on Writing Direction</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">짜기 방향에 따라 달라지는 문장 부호</span></h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Periods and commas.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">구독점</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In vertical writing; 。[U+3002] 、 [U+3001]</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기의 경우; 。[U+3002] 、 [U+3001]</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In horizontal writing; . [U+002E] , [U+002C] ．[U+FF0E] ，[U+FF0C]</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기의 경우; . [U+002E] , [U+002C] ．[U+FF0E]，[U+FF0C]</p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Brackets, quotation marks.</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">낫표, 따옴표</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In vertical writing; 「 [U+300C], 」[U+300D], 『[U+300E], 』[U+300F]</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">세로짜기의 경우; 「 [U+300C], 」[U+300D], 『[U+300E], 』[U+300F]</p>
</li>
<li>
<p its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">In horizontal writing; ‘ [U+2018], ’ [U+2019], “ [U+201C], ” [U+201D]</p>
<p its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기의 경우; ‘[U+2018], ’ [U+2019], “[U+201C], ” [U+201D]</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure> <img src="ko/images/4-17.png" alt="" />
<figcaption><span its-locale-filter-list="en" lang="en">Brackets and quotation marks in vertical and horizontal writing</span> <span its-locale-filter-list="ko" lang="ko">가로짜기 및 세로짜기의 낫표 사용</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="issue">See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/11">https://github.com/w3c/klreq/issues/11</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>