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HTTP 响应的分块传输 #85

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wayou opened this issue May 10, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

HTTP 响应的分块传输 #85

wayou opened this issue May 10, 2019 · 0 comments

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@wayou
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wayou commented May 10, 2019

HTTP 响应的分块传输

Transfer-Encoding 响应头用于告诉客户端服务器发送内容的编码格式。

其可选值有:

  • chunked:数据分块发送。此时应缺省 Content-Length 响应头。
  • compress:使用 Lempel-Ziv-Welch 算法进行传输的格式,目前没有浏览器在支持。
  • deflate:使用 deflate 压缩算法 zlib 结构。
  • gzip:使用 Lempel-Ziv coding 编码的压缩格式。
  • identity:标识身份函数(e.g. no compression, nor modification)。

也可以同时指定多个值,用逗号分隔,像这样:Transfer-Encoding: gzip, chunked

其中,chunked 就比较有意思了。它表示服务器下发到客户端的内容不是一次性完成的,而是分成一小块一小块(trunk)下发,过程中客户端与服务器的连接仍然维持不会断开。

在 Web Socket 没出来前,可利用这一机制实现长连接的效果。

示例

以 Node.js 为例的 Transfer-Encoding: gzip, chunked 示例:

var http = require("http");

function generateChunk(index, response) {
  setTimeout(() => {
    if (index === 5) {
      response.write("end");
      response.end("</body></html>");
    } else {
      response.write(`<p> chunk ${index}</p>`);
    }
  }, index * 1000);
}

function handlerRequest(_request, response) {
  response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8");
  response.setHeader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
  response.write(`<!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>HTTP 分块传输示例</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h1>HTTP 分块传输示例</h1>
  `);

  let index = 0;
  while (index <= 5) {
    generateChunk(index, response);
    index++;
  }
}

const server = http.createServer(handlerRequest);
server.listen(3000);
console.log("server started at http://localhost:3000");

Transfer-Encoding:chunked 分块传输示例

Transfer-Encoding:chunked 分块传输示例

总结

HTTP/2 中已经不支持 chunked 这一格式了,因为其本身提供了更加高级的流机制来实现类似功能。

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