Server.js

"use strict";

const os = require("os");
const path = require("path");
const url = require("url");
const util = require("util");
const fs = require("graceful-fs");
const ipaddr = require("ipaddr.js");
const defaultGateway = require("default-gateway");
const express = require("express");
const { validate } = require("schema-utils");
const schema = require("./options.json");

if (!process.env.WEBPACK_SERVE) {
  process.env.WEBPACK_SERVE = true;
}

class Server {
  constructor(options = {}, compiler) {
    // TODO: remove this after plugin support is published
    if (options.hooks) {
      util.deprecate(
        () => {},
        "Using 'compiler' as the first argument is deprecated. Please use 'options' as the first argument and 'compiler' as the second argument.",
        "DEP_WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_CONSTRUCTOR"
      )();

      [options = {}, compiler] = [compiler, options];
    }

    validate(schema, options, "webpack Dev Server");

    this.options = options;
    this.staticWatchers = [];
    this.listeners = [];
    // Keep track of websocket proxies for external websocket upgrade.
    this.webSocketProxies = [];
    this.sockets = [];
    this.compiler = compiler;
    this.currentHash = null;
  }

  static get DEFAULT_STATS() {
    return {
      all: false,
      hash: true,
      warnings: true,
      errors: true,
      errorDetails: false,
    };
  }

  static isAbsoluteURL(URL) {
    // Don't match Windows paths `c:\`
    if (/^[a-zA-Z]:\\/.test(URL)) {
      return false;
    }

    // Scheme: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.1
    // Absolute URL: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.3
    return /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z\d+\-.]*:/.test(URL);
  }

  static findIp(gateway) {
    const gatewayIp = ipaddr.parse(gateway);

    // Look for the matching interface in all local interfaces.
    for (const addresses of Object.values(os.networkInterfaces())) {
      for (const { cidr } of addresses) {
        const net = ipaddr.parseCIDR(cidr);

        if (
          net[0] &&
          net[0].kind() === gatewayIp.kind() &&
          gatewayIp.match(net)
        ) {
          return net[0].toString();
        }
      }
    }
  }

  static async internalIP(family) {
    try {
      const { gateway } = await defaultGateway[family]();
      return Server.findIp(gateway);
    } catch {
      // ignore
    }
  }

  static internalIPSync(family) {
    try {
      const { gateway } = defaultGateway[family].sync();
      return Server.findIp(gateway);
    } catch {
      // ignore
    }
  }

  static async getHostname(hostname) {
    if (hostname === "local-ip") {
      return (
        (await Server.internalIP("v4")) ||
        (await Server.internalIP("v6")) ||
        "0.0.0.0"
      );
    } else if (hostname === "local-ipv4") {
      return (await Server.internalIP("v4")) || "0.0.0.0";
    } else if (hostname === "local-ipv6") {
      return (await Server.internalIP("v6")) || "::";
    }

    return hostname;
  }

  static async getFreePort(port) {
    if (typeof port !== "undefined" && port !== null && port !== "auto") {
      return port;
    }

    const pRetry = require("p-retry");
    const portfinder = require("portfinder");

    portfinder.basePort = process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_BASE_PORT || 8080;

    // Try to find unused port and listen on it for 3 times,
    // if port is not specified in options.
    const defaultPortRetry =
      parseInt(process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_PORT_RETRY, 10) || 3;

    return pRetry(() => portfinder.getPortPromise(), {
      retries: defaultPortRetry,
    });
  }

  static findCacheDir() {
    const cwd = process.cwd();

    let dir = cwd;

    for (;;) {
      try {
        if (fs.statSync(path.join(dir, "package.json")).isFile()) break;
        // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty
      } catch (e) {}

      const parent = path.dirname(dir);

      if (dir === parent) {
        // eslint-disable-next-line no-undefined
        dir = undefined;
        break;
      }

      dir = parent;
    }

    if (!dir) {
      return path.resolve(cwd, ".cache/webpack-dev-server");
    } else if (process.versions.pnp === "1") {
      return path.resolve(dir, ".pnp/.cache/webpack-dev-server");
    } else if (process.versions.pnp === "3") {
      return path.resolve(dir, ".yarn/.cache/webpack-dev-server");
    }

    return path.resolve(dir, "node_modules/.cache/webpack-dev-server");
  }

  addAdditionalEntries(compiler) {
    const additionalEntries = [];

    const isWebTarget = compiler.options.externalsPresets
      ? compiler.options.externalsPresets.web
      : [
          "web",
          "webworker",
          "electron-preload",
          "electron-renderer",
          "node-webkit",
          // eslint-disable-next-line no-undefined
          undefined,
          null,
        ].includes(compiler.options.target);

    // TODO maybe empty empty client
    if (this.options.client && isWebTarget) {
      let webSocketURL = "";
      if (this.options.webSocketServer) {
        const searchParams = new URLSearchParams();

        /** @type {"ws:" | "wss:" | "http:" | "https:" | "auto:"} */
        let protocol;

        // We are proxying dev server and need to specify custom `hostname`
        if (typeof this.options.client.webSocketURL.protocol !== "undefined") {
          protocol = this.options.client.webSocketURL.protocol;
        } else {
          protocol = this.options.server.type === "http" ? "ws:" : "wss:";
        }

        searchParams.set("protocol", protocol);

        if (typeof this.options.client.webSocketURL.username !== "undefined") {
          searchParams.set(
            "username",
            this.options.client.webSocketURL.username
          );
        }

        if (typeof this.options.client.webSocketURL.password !== "undefined") {
          searchParams.set(
            "password",
            this.options.client.webSocketURL.password
          );
        }

        /** @type {string} */
        let hostname;

        // SockJS is not supported server mode, so `hostname` and `port` can't specified, let's ignore them
        // TODO show warning about this
        const isSockJSType = this.options.webSocketServer.type === "sockjs";

        // We are proxying dev server and need to specify custom `hostname`
        if (typeof this.options.client.webSocketURL.hostname !== "undefined") {
          hostname = this.options.client.webSocketURL.hostname;
        }
        // Web socket server works on custom `hostname`, only for `ws` because `sock-js` is not support custom `hostname`
        else if (
          typeof this.options.webSocketServer.options.host !== "undefined" &&
          !isSockJSType
        ) {
          hostname = this.options.webSocketServer.options.host;
        }
        // The `host` option is specified
        else if (typeof this.options.host !== "undefined") {
          hostname = this.options.host;
        }
        // The `port` option is not specified
        else {
          hostname = "0.0.0.0";
        }

        searchParams.set("hostname", hostname);

        /** @type {number | string} */
        let port;

        // We are proxying dev server and need to specify custom `port`
        if (typeof this.options.client.webSocketURL.port !== "undefined") {
          port = this.options.client.webSocketURL.port;
        }
        // Web socket server works on custom `port`, only for `ws` because `sock-js` is not support custom `port`
        else if (
          typeof this.options.webSocketServer.options.port !== "undefined" &&
          !isSockJSType
        ) {
          port = this.options.webSocketServer.options.port;
        }
        // The `port` option is specified
        else if (typeof this.options.port === "number") {
          port = this.options.port;
        }
        // The `port` option is specified using `string`
        else if (
          typeof this.options.port === "string" &&
          this.options.port !== "auto"
        ) {
          port = Number(this.options.port);
        }
        // The `port` option is not specified or set to `auto`
        else {
          port = "0";
        }

        searchParams.set("port", String(port));

        /** @type {string} */
        let pathname = "";

        // We are proxying dev server and need to specify custom `pathname`
        if (typeof this.options.client.webSocketURL.pathname !== "undefined") {
          pathname = this.options.client.webSocketURL.pathname;
        }
        // Web socket server works on custom `path`
        else if (
          typeof this.options.webSocketServer.options.prefix !== "undefined" ||
          typeof this.options.webSocketServer.options.path !== "undefined"
        ) {
          pathname =
            this.options.webSocketServer.options.prefix ||
            this.options.webSocketServer.options.path;
        }

        searchParams.set("pathname", pathname);

        if (typeof this.options.client.logging !== "undefined") {
          searchParams.set("logging", this.options.client.logging);
        }

        if (typeof this.options.client.reconnect !== "undefined") {
          searchParams.set("reconnect", this.options.client.reconnect);
        }

        webSocketURL = searchParams.toString();
      }

      additionalEntries.push(
        `${require.resolve("../client/index.js")}?${webSocketURL}`
      );
    }

    if (this.options.hot) {
      let hotEntry;

      if (this.options.hot === "only") {
        hotEntry = require.resolve("webpack/hot/only-dev-server");
      } else if (this.options.hot) {
        hotEntry = require.resolve("webpack/hot/dev-server");
      }

      additionalEntries.push(hotEntry);
    }

    const webpack = compiler.webpack || require("webpack");

    // use a hook to add entries if available
    if (typeof webpack.EntryPlugin !== "undefined") {
      for (const additionalEntry of additionalEntries) {
        new webpack.EntryPlugin(compiler.context, additionalEntry, {
          // eslint-disable-next-line no-undefined
          name: undefined,
        }).apply(compiler);
      }
    }
    // TODO remove after drop webpack v4 support
    else {
      /**
       * prependEntry Method for webpack 4
       * @param {Entry} originalEntry
       * @param {Entry} newAdditionalEntries
       * @returns {Entry}
       */
      const prependEntry = (originalEntry, newAdditionalEntries) => {
        if (typeof originalEntry === "function") {
          return () =>
            Promise.resolve(originalEntry()).then((entry) =>
              prependEntry(entry, newAdditionalEntries)
            );
        }

        if (
          typeof originalEntry === "object" &&
          !Array.isArray(originalEntry)
        ) {
          /** @type {Object<string,string>} */
          const clone = {};

          Object.keys(originalEntry).forEach((key) => {
            // entry[key] should be a string here
            const entryDescription = originalEntry[key];

            clone[key] = prependEntry(entryDescription, newAdditionalEntries);
          });

          return clone;
        }

        // in this case, entry is a string or an array.
        // make sure that we do not add duplicates.
        /** @type {Entry} */
        const entriesClone = additionalEntries.slice(0);

        [].concat(originalEntry).forEach((newEntry) => {
          if (!entriesClone.includes(newEntry)) {
            entriesClone.push(newEntry);
          }
        });

        return entriesClone;
      };

      compiler.options.entry = prependEntry(
        compiler.options.entry || "./src",
        additionalEntries
      );
      compiler.hooks.entryOption.call(
        compiler.options.context,
        compiler.options.entry
      );
    }
  }

  getCompilerOptions() {
    if (typeof this.compiler.compilers !== "undefined") {
      if (this.compiler.compilers.length === 1) {
        return this.compiler.compilers[0].options;
      }

      // Configuration with the `devServer` options
      const compilerWithDevServer = this.compiler.compilers.find(
        (config) => config.options.devServer
      );

      if (compilerWithDevServer) {
        return compilerWithDevServer.options;
      }

      // Configuration with `web` preset
      const compilerWithWebPreset = this.compiler.compilers.find(
        (config) =>
          (config.options.externalsPresets &&
            config.options.externalsPresets.web) ||
          [
            "web",
            "webworker",
            "electron-preload",
            "electron-renderer",
            "node-webkit",
            // eslint-disable-next-line no-undefined
            undefined,
            null,
          ].includes(config.options.target)
      );

      if (compilerWithWebPreset) {
        return compilerWithWebPreset.options;
      }

      // Fallback
      return this.compiler.compilers[0].options;
    }

    return this.compiler.options;
  }

  async normalizeOptions() {
    const { options } = this;

    if (!this.logger) {
      this.logger = this.compiler.getInfrastructureLogger("webpack-dev-server");
    }

    const compilerOptions = this.getCompilerOptions();
    // TODO remove `{}` after drop webpack v4 support
    const compilerWatchOptions = compilerOptions.watchOptions || {};
    const getWatchOptions = (watchOptions = {}) => {
      const getPolling = () => {
        if (typeof watchOptions.usePolling !== "undefined") {
          return watchOptions.usePolling;
        }

        if (typeof watchOptions.poll !== "undefined") {
          return Boolean(watchOptions.poll);
        }

        if (typeof compilerWatchOptions.poll !== "undefined") {
          return Boolean(compilerWatchOptions.poll);
        }

        return false;
      };
      const getInterval = () => {
        if (typeof watchOptions.interval !== "undefined") {
          return watchOptions.interval;
        }

        if (typeof watchOptions.poll === "number") {
          return watchOptions.poll;
        }

        if (typeof compilerWatchOptions.poll === "number") {
          return compilerWatchOptions.poll;
        }
      };

      const usePolling = getPolling();
      const interval = getInterval();
      const { poll, ...rest } = watchOptions;

      return {
        ignoreInitial: true,
        persistent: true,
        followSymlinks: false,
        atomic: false,
        alwaysStat: true,
        ignorePermissionErrors: true,
        // Respect options from compiler watchOptions
        usePolling,
        interval,
        ignored: watchOptions.ignored,
        // TODO: we respect these options for all watch options and allow developers to pass them to chokidar, but chokidar doesn't have these options maybe we need revisit that in future
        ...rest,
      };
    };
    const getStaticItem = (optionsForStatic) => {
      const getDefaultStaticOptions = () => {
        return {
          directory: path.join(process.cwd(), "public"),
          staticOptions: {},
          publicPath: ["/"],
          serveIndex: { icons: true },
          watch: getWatchOptions(),
        };
      };

      let item;

      if (typeof optionsForStatic === "undefined") {
        item = getDefaultStaticOptions();
      } else if (typeof optionsForStatic === "string") {
        item = {
          ...getDefaultStaticOptions(),
          directory: optionsForStatic,
        };
      } else {
        const def = getDefaultStaticOptions();

        item = {
          directory:
            typeof optionsForStatic.directory !== "undefined"
              ? optionsForStatic.directory
              : def.directory,
          // TODO: do merge in the next major release
          staticOptions:
            typeof optionsForStatic.staticOptions !== "undefined"
              ? optionsForStatic.staticOptions
              : def.staticOptions,
          publicPath:
            typeof optionsForStatic.publicPath !== "undefined"
              ? optionsForStatic.publicPath
              : def.publicPath,
          // TODO: do merge in the next major release
          serveIndex:
            // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary
            typeof optionsForStatic.serveIndex !== "undefined"
              ? typeof optionsForStatic.serveIndex === "boolean" &&
                optionsForStatic.serveIndex
                ? def.serveIndex
                : optionsForStatic.serveIndex
              : def.serveIndex,
          watch:
            // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary
            typeof optionsForStatic.watch !== "undefined"
              ? // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary
                typeof optionsForStatic.watch === "boolean"
                ? optionsForStatic.watch
                  ? def.watch
                  : false
                : getWatchOptions(optionsForStatic.watch)
              : def.watch,
        };
      }

      if (Server.isAbsoluteURL(item.directory)) {
        throw new Error("Using a URL as static.directory is not supported");
      }

      // ensure that publicPath is an array
      if (typeof item.publicPath === "string") {
        item.publicPath = [item.publicPath];
      }

      return item;
    };

    if (typeof options.allowedHosts === "undefined") {
      // AllowedHosts allows some default hosts picked from `options.host` or `webSocketURL.hostname` and `localhost`
      options.allowedHosts = "auto";
    }
    // We store allowedHosts as array when supplied as string
    else if (
      typeof options.allowedHosts === "string" &&
      options.allowedHosts !== "auto" &&
      options.allowedHosts !== "all"
    ) {
      options.allowedHosts = [options.allowedHosts];
    }
    // CLI pass options as array, we should normalize them
    else if (
      Array.isArray(options.allowedHosts) &&
      options.allowedHosts.includes("all")
    ) {
      options.allowedHosts = "all";
    }

    if (typeof options.bonjour === "undefined") {
      options.bonjour = false;
    } else if (typeof options.bonjour === "boolean") {
      options.bonjour = options.bonjour ? {} : false;
    }

    if (
      typeof options.client === "undefined" ||
      (typeof options.client === "object" && options.client !== null)
    ) {
      if (!options.client) {
        options.client = {};
      }

      if (typeof options.client.webSocketURL === "undefined") {
        options.client.webSocketURL = {};
      } else if (typeof options.client.webSocketURL === "string") {
        const parsedURL = new URL(options.client.webSocketURL);

        options.client.webSocketURL = {
          protocol: parsedURL.protocol,
          hostname: parsedURL.hostname,
          port: parsedURL.port.length > 0 ? Number(parsedURL.port) : "",
          pathname: parsedURL.pathname,
          username: parsedURL.username,
          password: parsedURL.password,
        };
      } else if (typeof options.client.webSocketURL.port === "string") {
        options.client.webSocketURL.port = Number(
          options.client.webSocketURL.port
        );
      }

      // Enable client overlay by default
      if (typeof options.client.overlay === "undefined") {
        options.client.overlay = true;
      } else if (typeof options.client.overlay !== "boolean") {
        options.client.overlay = {
          errors: true,
          warnings: true,
          ...options.client.overlay,
        };
      }

      if (typeof options.client.reconnect === "undefined") {
        options.client.reconnect = 10;
      } else if (options.client.reconnect === true) {
        options.client.reconnect = Infinity;
      } else if (options.client.reconnect === false) {
        options.client.reconnect = 0;
      }

      // Respect infrastructureLogging.level
      if (typeof options.client.logging === "undefined") {
        options.client.logging = compilerOptions.infrastructureLogging
          ? compilerOptions.infrastructureLogging.level
          : "info";
      }
    }

    if (typeof options.compress === "undefined") {
      options.compress = true;
    }

    if (typeof options.devMiddleware === "undefined") {
      options.devMiddleware = {};
    }

    // No need to normalize `headers`

    if (typeof options.historyApiFallback === "undefined") {
      options.historyApiFallback = false;
    } else if (
      typeof options.historyApiFallback === "boolean" &&
      options.historyApiFallback
    ) {
      options.historyApiFallback = {};
    }

    // No need to normalize `host`

    options.hot =
      typeof options.hot === "boolean" || options.hot === "only"
        ? options.hot
        : true;

    const isHTTPs = Boolean(options.https);
    const isSPDY = Boolean(options.http2);

    if (isHTTPs) {
      // TODO: remove in the next major release
      util.deprecate(
        () => {},
        "'https' option is deprecated. Please use the 'server' option.",
        "DEP_WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_HTTPS"
      )();
    }

    if (isSPDY) {
      // TODO: remove in the next major release
      util.deprecate(
        () => {},
        "'http2' option is deprecated. Please use the 'server' option.",
        "DEP_WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_HTTP2"
      )();
    }

    options.server = {
      type:
        // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary
        typeof options.server === "string"
          ? options.server
          : // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary
          typeof (options.server || {}).type === "string"
          ? options.server.type
          : // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary
          isSPDY
          ? "spdy"
          : isHTTPs
          ? "https"
          : "http",
      options: {
        ...options.https,
        ...(options.server || {}).options,
      },
    };

    if (
      options.server.type === "spdy" &&
      typeof options.server.options.spdy === "undefined"
    ) {
      options.server.options.spdy = {
        protocols: ["h2", "http/1.1"],
      };
    }

    if (options.server.type === "https" || options.server.type === "spdy") {
      if (typeof options.server.options.requestCert === "undefined") {
        options.server.options.requestCert = false;
      }

      for (const property of ["cacert", "ca", "cert", "crl", "key", "pfx"]) {
        if (typeof options.server.options[property] === "undefined") {
          // eslint-disable-next-line no-continue
          continue;
        }

        if (property === "cacert") {
          // TODO remove the `cacert` option in favor `ca` in the next major release
          util.deprecate(
            () => {},
            "The 'cacert' option is deprecated. Please use the 'ca' option.",
            "DEP_WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_CACERT"
          )();
        }

        const value = options.server.options[property];
        const readFile = (item) => {
          if (
            Buffer.isBuffer(item) ||
            (typeof item === "object" && item !== null && !Array.isArray(item))
          ) {
            return item;
          }

          if (item) {
            let stats = null;

            try {
              stats = fs.lstatSync(fs.realpathSync(item)).isFile();
            } catch (error) {
              // Ignore error
            }

            // It is file
            return stats ? fs.readFileSync(item) : item;
          }
        };

        options.server.options[property] = Array.isArray(value)
          ? value.map((item) => readFile(item))
          : readFile(value);
      }

      let fakeCert;

      if (!options.server.options.key || !options.server.options.cert) {
        const certificateDir = Server.findCacheDir();
        const certificatePath = path.join(certificateDir, "server.pem");
        let certificateExists;

        try {
          const certificate = await fs.promises.stat(certificatePath);
          certificateExists = certificate.isFile();
        } catch {
          certificateExists = false;
        }

        if (certificateExists) {
          const certificateTtl = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;
          const certificateStat = await fs.promises.stat(certificatePath);

          const now = new Date();

          // cert is more than 30 days old, kill it with fire
          if ((now - certificateStat.ctime) / certificateTtl > 30) {
            const del = require("del");

            this.logger.info(
              "SSL certificate is more than 30 days old. Removing..."
            );

            await del([certificatePath], { force: true });

            certificateExists = false;
          }
        }

        if (!certificateExists) {
          this.logger.info("Generating SSL certificate...");

          const selfsigned = require("selfsigned");
          const attributes = [{ name: "commonName", value: "localhost" }];
          const pems = selfsigned.generate(attributes, {
            algorithm: "sha256",
            days: 30,
            keySize: 2048,
            extensions: [
              {
                name: "basicConstraints",
                cA: true,
              },
              {
                name: "keyUsage",
                keyCertSign: true,
                digitalSignature: true,
                nonRepudiation: true,
                keyEncipherment: true,
                dataEncipherment: true,
              },
              {
                name: "extKeyUsage",
                serverAuth: true,
                clientAuth: true,
                codeSigning: true,
                timeStamping: true,
              },
              {
                name: "subjectAltName",
                altNames: [
                  {
                    // type 2 is DNS
                    type: 2,
                    value: "localhost",
                  },
                  {
                    type: 2,
                    value: "localhost.localdomain",
                  },
                  {
                    type: 2,
                    value: "lvh.me",
                  },
                  {
                    type: 2,
                    value: "*.lvh.me",
                  },
                  {
                    type: 2,
                    value: "[::1]",
                  },
                  {
                    // type 7 is IP
                    type: 7,
                    ip: "127.0.0.1",
                  },
                  {
                    type: 7,
                    ip: "fe80::1",
                  },
                ],
              },
            ],
          });

          await fs.promises.mkdir(certificateDir, { recursive: true });

          await fs.promises.writeFile(
            certificatePath,
            pems.private + pems.cert,
            {
              encoding: "utf8",
            }
          );
        }

        fakeCert = await fs.promises.readFile(certificatePath);

        this.logger.info(`SSL certificate: ${certificatePath}`);
      }

      if (options.server.options.cacert) {
        if (options.server.options.ca) {
          this.logger.warn(
            "Do not specify 'ca' and 'cacert' options together, the 'ca' option will be used."
          );
        } else {
          options.server.options.ca = options.server.options.cacert;
        }

        delete options.server.options.cacert;
      }

      options.server.options.key = options.server.options.key || fakeCert;
      options.server.options.cert = options.server.options.cert || fakeCert;
    }

    if (typeof options.ipc === "boolean") {
      const isWindows = process.platform === "win32";
      const pipePrefix = isWindows ? "\\\\.\\pipe\\" : os.tmpdir();
      const pipeName = "webpack-dev-server.sock";

      options.ipc = path.join(pipePrefix, pipeName);
    }

    options.liveReload =
      typeof options.liveReload !== "undefined" ? options.liveReload : true;

    options.magicHtml =
      typeof options.magicHtml !== "undefined" ? options.magicHtml : true;

    // https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/issues/1990
    const defaultOpenOptions = { wait: false };
    // TODO: remove --open-app in favor of --open-app-name
    const getOpenItemsFromObject = ({ target, ...rest }) => {
      const normalizedOptions = { ...defaultOpenOptions, ...rest };

      if (typeof normalizedOptions.app === "string") {
        normalizedOptions.app = {
          name: normalizedOptions.app,
        };
      }

      const normalizedTarget = typeof target === "undefined" ? "<url>" : target;

      if (Array.isArray(normalizedTarget)) {
        return normalizedTarget.map((singleTarget) => {
          return { target: singleTarget, options: normalizedOptions };
        });
      }

      return [{ target: normalizedTarget, options: normalizedOptions }];
    };

    if (typeof options.open === "undefined") {
      options.open = [];
    } else if (typeof options.open === "boolean") {
      options.open = options.open
        ? [{ target: "<url>", options: defaultOpenOptions }]
        : [];
    } else if (typeof options.open === "string") {
      options.open = [{ target: options.open, options: defaultOpenOptions }];
    } else if (Array.isArray(options.open)) {
      const result = [];

      options.open.forEach((item) => {
        if (typeof item === "string") {
          result.push({ target: item, options: defaultOpenOptions });

          return;
        }

        result.push(...getOpenItemsFromObject(item));
      });

      options.open = result;
    } else {
      options.open = [...getOpenItemsFromObject(options.open)];
    }

    if (typeof options.port === "string" && options.port !== "auto") {
      options.port = Number(options.port);
    }

    /**
     * Assume a proxy configuration specified as:
     * proxy: {
     *   'context': { options }
     * }
     * OR
     * proxy: {
     *   'context': 'target'
     * }
     */
    if (typeof options.proxy !== "undefined") {
      // TODO remove in the next major release, only accept `Array`
      if (!Array.isArray(options.proxy)) {
        if (
          Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options.proxy, "target") ||
          Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options.proxy, "router")
        ) {
          options.proxy = [options.proxy];
        } else {
          options.proxy = Object.keys(options.proxy).map((context) => {
            let proxyOptions;
            // For backwards compatibility reasons.
            const correctedContext = context
              .replace(/^\*$/, "**")
              .replace(/\/\*$/, "");

            if (typeof options.proxy[context] === "string") {
              proxyOptions = {
                context: correctedContext,
                target: options.proxy[context],
              };
            } else {
              proxyOptions = { ...options.proxy[context] };
              proxyOptions.context = correctedContext;
            }

            return proxyOptions;
          });
        }
      }

      options.proxy = options.proxy.map((item) => {
        const getLogLevelForProxy = (level) => {
          if (level === "none") {
            return "silent";
          }

          if (level === "log") {
            return "info";
          }

          if (level === "verbose") {
            return "debug";
          }

          return level;
        };

        if (typeof item.logLevel === "undefined") {
          item.logLevel = getLogLevelForProxy(
            compilerOptions.infrastructureLogging
              ? compilerOptions.infrastructureLogging.level
              : "info"
          );
        }

        if (typeof item.logProvider === "undefined") {
          item.logProvider = () => this.logger;
        }

        return item;
      });
    }

    if (typeof options.setupExitSignals === "undefined") {
      options.setupExitSignals = true;
    }

    if (typeof options.static === "undefined") {
      options.static = [getStaticItem()];
    } else if (typeof options.static === "boolean") {
      options.static = options.static ? [getStaticItem()] : false;
    } else if (typeof options.static === "string") {
      options.static = [getStaticItem(options.static)];
    } else if (Array.isArray(options.static)) {
      options.static = options.static.map((item) => {
        if (typeof item === "string") {
          return getStaticItem(item);
        }

        return getStaticItem(item);
      });
    } else {
      options.static = [getStaticItem(options.static)];
    }

    if (typeof options.watchFiles === "string") {
      options.watchFiles = [
        { paths: options.watchFiles, options: getWatchOptions() },
      ];
    } else if (
      typeof options.watchFiles === "object" &&
      options.watchFiles !== null &&
      !Array.isArray(options.watchFiles)
    ) {
      options.watchFiles = [
        {
          paths: options.watchFiles.paths,
          options: getWatchOptions(options.watchFiles.options || {}),
        },
      ];
    } else if (Array.isArray(options.watchFiles)) {
      options.watchFiles = options.watchFiles.map((item) => {
        if (typeof item === "string") {
          return { paths: item, options: getWatchOptions() };
        }

        return {
          paths: item.paths,
          options: getWatchOptions(item.options || {}),
        };
      });
    } else {
      options.watchFiles = [];
    }

    const defaultWebSocketServerType = "ws";
    const defaultWebSocketServerOptions = { path: "/ws" };

    if (typeof options.webSocketServer === "undefined") {
      options.webSocketServer = {
        type: defaultWebSocketServerType,
        options: defaultWebSocketServerOptions,
      };
    } else if (
      typeof options.webSocketServer === "boolean" &&
      !options.webSocketServer
    ) {
      options.webSocketServer = false;
    } else if (
      typeof options.webSocketServer === "string" ||
      typeof options.webSocketServer === "function"
    ) {
      options.webSocketServer = {
        type: options.webSocketServer,
        options: defaultWebSocketServerOptions,
      };
    } else {
      options.webSocketServer = {
        type: options.webSocketServer.type || defaultWebSocketServerType,
        options: {
          ...defaultWebSocketServerOptions,
          ...options.webSocketServer.options,
        },
      };

      if (typeof options.webSocketServer.options.port === "string") {
        options.webSocketServer.options.port = Number(
          options.webSocketServer.options.port
        );
      }
    }
  }

  getClientTransport() {
    let ClientImplementation;
    let clientImplementationFound = true;

    const isKnownWebSocketServerImplementation =
      this.options.webSocketServer &&
      typeof this.options.webSocketServer.type === "string" &&
      (this.options.webSocketServer.type === "ws" ||
        this.options.webSocketServer.type === "sockjs");

    let clientTransport;

    if (this.options.client) {
      if (typeof this.options.client.webSocketTransport !== "undefined") {
        clientTransport = this.options.client.webSocketTransport;
      } else if (isKnownWebSocketServerImplementation) {
        clientTransport = this.options.webSocketServer.type;
      } else {
        clientTransport = "ws";
      }
    } else {
      clientTransport = "ws";
    }

    switch (typeof clientTransport) {
      case "string":
        // could be 'sockjs', 'ws', or a path that should be required
        if (clientTransport === "sockjs") {
          ClientImplementation = require.resolve(
            "../client/clients/SockJSClient"
          );
        } else if (clientTransport === "ws") {
          ClientImplementation = require.resolve(
            "../client/clients/WebSocketClient"
          );
        } else {
          try {
            ClientImplementation = require.resolve(clientTransport);
          } catch (e) {
            clientImplementationFound = false;
          }
        }
        break;
      default:
        clientImplementationFound = false;
    }

    if (!clientImplementationFound) {
      throw new Error(
        `${
          !isKnownWebSocketServerImplementation
            ? "When you use custom web socket implementation you must explicitly specify client.webSocketTransport. "
            : ""
        }client.webSocketTransport must be a string denoting a default implementation (e.g. 'sockjs', 'ws') or a full path to a JS file via require.resolve(...) which exports a class `
      );
    }

    return ClientImplementation;
  }

  getServerTransport() {
    let implementation;
    let implementationFound = true;

    switch (typeof this.options.webSocketServer.type) {
      case "string":
        // Could be 'sockjs', in the future 'ws', or a path that should be required
        if (this.options.webSocketServer.type === "sockjs") {
          implementation = require("./servers/SockJSServer");
        } else if (this.options.webSocketServer.type === "ws") {
          implementation = require("./servers/WebsocketServer");
        } else {
          try {
            // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-dynamic-require
            implementation = require(this.options.webSocketServer.type);
          } catch (error) {
            implementationFound = false;
          }
        }
        break;
      case "function":
        implementation = this.options.webSocketServer.type;
        break;
      default:
        implementationFound = false;
    }

    if (!implementationFound) {
      throw new Error(
        "webSocketServer (webSocketServer.type) must be a string denoting a default implementation (e.g. 'ws', 'sockjs'), a full path to " +
          "a JS file which exports a class extending BaseServer (webpack-dev-server/lib/servers/BaseServer.js) " +
          "via require.resolve(...), or the class itself which extends BaseServer"
      );
    }

    return implementation;
  }

  setupProgressPlugin() {
    const { ProgressPlugin } = this.compiler.webpack || require("webpack");

    new ProgressPlugin((percent, msg, addInfo, pluginName) => {
      percent = Math.floor(percent * 100);

      if (percent === 100) {
        msg = "Compilation completed";
      }

      if (addInfo) {
        msg = `${msg} (${addInfo})`;
      }

      if (this.webSocketServer) {
        this.sendMessage(this.webSocketServer.clients, "progress-update", {
          percent,
          msg,
          pluginName,
        });
      }

      if (this.server) {
        this.server.emit("progress-update", { percent, msg, pluginName });
      }
    }).apply(this.compiler);
  }

  async initialize() {
    if (this.options.webSocketServer) {
      const compilers = this.compiler.compilers || [this.compiler];

      compilers.forEach((compiler) => {
        this.addAdditionalEntries(compiler);

        const webpack = compiler.webpack || require("webpack");

        new webpack.ProvidePlugin({
          __webpack_dev_server_client__: this.getClientTransport(),
        }).apply(compiler);

        // TODO remove after drop webpack v4 support
        compiler.options.plugins = compiler.options.plugins || [];

        if (this.options.hot) {
          const HMRPluginExists = compiler.options.plugins.find(
            (p) => p.constructor === webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin
          );

          if (HMRPluginExists) {
            this.logger.warn(
              `"hot: true" automatically applies HMR plugin, you don't have to add it manually to your webpack configuration.`
            );
          } else {
            // Apply the HMR plugin
            const plugin = new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin();

            plugin.apply(compiler);
          }
        }
      });

      if (this.options.client && this.options.client.progress) {
        this.setupProgressPlugin();
      }
    }

    this.setupHooks();
    this.setupApp();
    this.setupHostHeaderCheck();
    this.setupDevMiddleware();
    // Should be after `webpack-dev-middleware`, otherwise other middlewares might rewrite response
    this.setupBuiltInRoutes();
    this.setupWatchFiles();
    this.setupFeatures();
    this.createServer();

    if (this.options.setupExitSignals) {
      const signals = ["SIGINT", "SIGTERM"];

      let needForceShutdown = false;

      signals.forEach((signal) => {
        const listener = () => {
          if (needForceShutdown) {
            process.exit();
          }

          this.logger.info(
            "Gracefully shutting down. To force exit, press ^C again. Please wait..."
          );

          needForceShutdown = true;

          this.stopCallback(() => {
            if (typeof this.compiler.close === "function") {
              this.compiler.close(() => {
                process.exit();
              });
            } else {
              process.exit();
            }
          });
        };

        this.listeners.push({ name: signal, listener });

        process.on(signal, listener);
      });
    }

    // Proxy WebSocket without the initial http request
    // https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware#external-websocket-upgrade
    this.webSocketProxies.forEach((webSocketProxy) => {
      this.server.on("upgrade", webSocketProxy.upgrade);
    }, this);
  }

  setupApp() {
    // Init express server
    // eslint-disable-next-line new-cap
    this.app = new express();
  }

  getStats(statsObj) {
    const stats = Server.DEFAULT_STATS;
    const compilerOptions = this.getCompilerOptions();

    if (compilerOptions.stats && compilerOptions.stats.warningsFilter) {
      stats.warningsFilter = compilerOptions.stats.warningsFilter;
    }

    return statsObj.toJson(stats);
  }

  setupHooks() {
    this.compiler.hooks.invalid.tap("webpack-dev-server", () => {
      if (this.webSocketServer) {
        this.sendMessage(this.webSocketServer.clients, "invalid");
      }
    });
    this.compiler.hooks.done.tap("webpack-dev-server", (stats) => {
      if (this.webSocketServer) {
        this.sendStats(this.webSocketServer.clients, this.getStats(stats));
      }

      this.stats = stats;
    });
  }

  setupHostHeaderCheck() {
    this.app.all("*", (req, res, next) => {
      if (this.checkHeader(req.headers, "host")) {
        return next();
      }

      res.send("Invalid Host header");
    });
  }

  setupDevMiddleware() {
    const webpackDevMiddleware = require("webpack-dev-middleware");

    // middleware for serving webpack bundle
    this.middleware = webpackDevMiddleware(
      this.compiler,
      this.options.devMiddleware
    );
  }

  setupBuiltInRoutes() {
    const { app, middleware } = this;

    app.get("/__webpack_dev_server__/sockjs.bundle.js", (req, res) => {
      res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/javascript");

      const { createReadStream } = fs;
      const clientPath = path.join(__dirname, "..", "client");

      createReadStream(
        path.join(clientPath, "modules/sockjs-client/index.js")
      ).pipe(res);
    });

    app.get("/webpack-dev-server/invalidate", (_req, res) => {
      this.invalidate();

      res.end();
    });

    app.get("/webpack-dev-server", (req, res) => {
      middleware.waitUntilValid((stats) => {
        res.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
        res.write(
          '<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/></head><body>'
        );

        const statsForPrint =
          typeof stats.stats !== "undefined"
            ? stats.toJson().children
            : [stats.toJson()];

        res.write(`<h1>Assets Report:</h1>`);

        statsForPrint.forEach((item, index) => {
          res.write("<div>");

          const name =
            item.name || (stats.stats ? `unnamed[${index}]` : "unnamed");

          res.write(`<h2>Compilation: ${name}</h2>`);
          res.write("<ul>");

          const publicPath = item.publicPath === "auto" ? "" : item.publicPath;

          for (const asset of item.assets) {
            const assetName = asset.name;
            const assetURL = `${publicPath}${assetName}`;

            res.write(
              `<li>
              <strong><a href="${assetURL}" target="_blank">${assetName}</a></strong>
            </li>`
            );
          }

          res.write("</ul>");
          res.write("</div>");
        });

        res.end("</body></html>");
      });
    });
  }

  setupCompressFeature() {
    const compress = require("compression");

    this.app.use(compress());
  }

  setupProxyFeature() {
    const { createProxyMiddleware } = require("http-proxy-middleware");

    const getProxyMiddleware = (proxyConfig) => {
      // It is possible to use the `bypass` method without a `target` or `router`.
      // However, the proxy middleware has no use in this case, and will fail to instantiate.
      if (proxyConfig.target) {
        const context = proxyConfig.context || proxyConfig.path;

        return createProxyMiddleware(context, proxyConfig);
      }

      if (proxyConfig.router) {
        return createProxyMiddleware(proxyConfig);
      }
    };
    /**
     * Assume a proxy configuration specified as:
     * proxy: [
     *   {
     *     context: "value",
     *     ...options,
     *   },
     *   // or:
     *   function() {
     *     return {
     *       context: "context",
     *       ...options,
     *     };
     *   }
     * ]
     */
    this.options.proxy.forEach((proxyConfigOrCallback) => {
      let proxyMiddleware;

      let proxyConfig =
        typeof proxyConfigOrCallback === "function"
          ? proxyConfigOrCallback()
          : proxyConfigOrCallback;

      proxyMiddleware = getProxyMiddleware(proxyConfig);

      if (proxyConfig.ws) {
        this.webSocketProxies.push(proxyMiddleware);
      }

      const handle = async (req, res, next) => {
        if (typeof proxyConfigOrCallback === "function") {
          const newProxyConfig = proxyConfigOrCallback(req, res, next);

          if (newProxyConfig !== proxyConfig) {
            proxyConfig = newProxyConfig;
            proxyMiddleware = getProxyMiddleware(proxyConfig);
          }
        }

        // - Check if we have a bypass function defined
        // - In case the bypass function is defined we'll retrieve the
        // bypassUrl from it otherwise bypassUrl would be null
        // TODO remove in the next major in favor `context` and `router` options
        const isByPassFuncDefined = typeof proxyConfig.bypass === "function";
        const bypassUrl = isByPassFuncDefined
          ? await proxyConfig.bypass(req, res, proxyConfig)
          : null;

        if (typeof bypassUrl === "boolean") {
          // skip the proxy
          req.url = null;
          next();
        } else if (typeof bypassUrl === "string") {
          // byPass to that url
          req.url = bypassUrl;
          next();
        } else if (proxyMiddleware) {
          return proxyMiddleware(req, res, next);
        } else {
          next();
        }
      };

      this.app.use(handle);
      // Also forward error requests to the proxy so it can handle them.
      this.app.use((error, req, res, next) => handle(req, res, next));
    });
  }

  setupHistoryApiFallbackFeature() {
    const { historyApiFallback } = this.options;

    if (
      typeof historyApiFallback.logger === "undefined" &&
      !historyApiFallback.verbose
    ) {
      historyApiFallback.logger = this.logger.log.bind(
        this.logger,
        "[connect-history-api-fallback]"
      );
    }

    // Fall back to /index.html if nothing else matches.
    this.app.use(require("connect-history-api-fallback")(historyApiFallback));
  }

  setupStaticFeature() {
    this.options.static.forEach((staticOption) => {
      staticOption.publicPath.forEach((publicPath) => {
        this.app.use(
          publicPath,
          express.static(staticOption.directory, staticOption.staticOptions)
        );
      });
    });
  }

  setupStaticServeIndexFeature() {
    const serveIndex = require("serve-index");

    this.options.static.forEach((staticOption) => {
      staticOption.publicPath.forEach((publicPath) => {
        if (staticOption.serveIndex) {
          this.app.use(publicPath, (req, res, next) => {
            // serve-index doesn't fallthrough non-get/head request to next middleware
            if (req.method !== "GET" && req.method !== "HEAD") {
              return next();
            }

            serveIndex(staticOption.directory, staticOption.serveIndex)(
              req,
              res,
              next
            );
          });
        }
      });
    });
  }

  setupStaticWatchFeature() {
    this.options.static.forEach((staticOption) => {
      if (staticOption.watch) {
        this.watchFiles(staticOption.directory, staticOption.watch);
      }
    });
  }

  setupOnBeforeSetupMiddlewareFeature() {
    this.options.onBeforeSetupMiddleware(this);
  }

  setupWatchFiles() {
    const { watchFiles } = this.options;

    if (watchFiles.length > 0) {
      watchFiles.forEach((item) => {
        this.watchFiles(item.paths, item.options);
      });
    }
  }

  setupMiddleware() {
    this.app.use(this.middleware);
  }

  setupOnAfterSetupMiddlewareFeature() {
    this.options.onAfterSetupMiddleware(this);
  }

  setupHeadersFeature() {
    this.app.all("*", this.setHeaders.bind(this));
  }

  setupMagicHtmlFeature() {
    this.app.get("*", this.serveMagicHtml.bind(this));
  }

  setupFeatures() {
    const features = {
      compress: () => {
        if (this.options.compress) {
          this.setupCompressFeature();
        }
      },
      proxy: () => {
        if (this.options.proxy) {
          this.setupProxyFeature();
        }
      },
      historyApiFallback: () => {
        if (this.options.historyApiFallback) {
          this.setupHistoryApiFallbackFeature();
        }
      },
      static: () => {
        this.setupStaticFeature();
      },
      staticServeIndex: () => {
        this.setupStaticServeIndexFeature();
      },
      staticWatch: () => {
        this.setupStaticWatchFeature();
      },
      onBeforeSetupMiddleware: () => {
        if (typeof this.options.onBeforeSetupMiddleware === "function") {
          this.setupOnBeforeSetupMiddlewareFeature();
        }
      },
      onAfterSetupMiddleware: () => {
        if (typeof this.options.onAfterSetupMiddleware === "function") {
          this.setupOnAfterSetupMiddlewareFeature();
        }
      },
      middleware: () => {
        // include our middleware to ensure
        // it is able to handle '/index.html' request after redirect
        this.setupMiddleware();
      },
      headers: () => {
        this.setupHeadersFeature();
      },
      magicHtml: () => {
        this.setupMagicHtmlFeature();
      },
    };

    const runnableFeatures = [];

    // compress is placed last and uses unshift so that it will be the first middleware used
    if (this.options.compress) {
      runnableFeatures.push("compress");
    }

    if (this.options.onBeforeSetupMiddleware) {
      runnableFeatures.push("onBeforeSetupMiddleware");
    }

    runnableFeatures.push("headers", "middleware");

    if (this.options.proxy) {
      runnableFeatures.push("proxy", "middleware");
    }

    if (this.options.static) {
      runnableFeatures.push("static");
    }

    if (this.options.historyApiFallback) {
      runnableFeatures.push("historyApiFallback", "middleware");

      if (this.options.static) {
        runnableFeatures.push("static");
      }
    }

    if (this.options.static) {
      runnableFeatures.push("staticServeIndex", "staticWatch");
    }

    if (this.options.magicHtml) {
      runnableFeatures.push("magicHtml");
    }

    if (this.options.onAfterSetupMiddleware) {
      runnableFeatures.push("onAfterSetupMiddleware");
    }

    runnableFeatures.forEach((feature) => {
      features[feature]();
    });
  }

  createServer() {
    // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-dynamic-require
    this.server = require(this.options.server.type).createServer(
      this.options.server.options,
      this.app
    );

    this.server.on("connection", (socket) => {
      // Add socket to list
      this.sockets.push(socket);

      socket.once("close", () => {
        // Remove socket from list
        this.sockets.splice(this.sockets.indexOf(socket), 1);
      });
    });

    this.server.on("error", (error) => {
      throw error;
    });
  }

  // TODO: remove `--web-socket-server` in favor of `--web-socket-server-type`
  createWebSocketServer() {
    this.webSocketServer = new (this.getServerTransport())(this);
    this.webSocketServer.implementation.on("connection", (client, request) => {
      const headers =
        // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary
        typeof request !== "undefined"
          ? request.headers
          : typeof client.headers !== "undefined"
          ? client.headers
          : // eslint-disable-next-line no-undefined
            undefined;

      if (!headers) {
        this.logger.warn(
          'webSocketServer implementation must pass headers for the "connection" event'
        );
      }

      if (
        !headers ||
        !this.checkHeader(headers, "host") ||
        !this.checkHeader(headers, "origin")
      ) {
        this.sendMessage([client], "error", "Invalid Host/Origin header");

        // With https enabled, the sendMessage above is encrypted asynchronously so not yet sent
        // Terminate would prevent it sending, so use close to allow it to be sent
        client.close();

        return;
      }

      if (this.options.hot === true || this.options.hot === "only") {
        this.sendMessage([client], "hot");
      }

      if (this.options.liveReload) {
        this.sendMessage([client], "liveReload");
      }

      if (this.options.client && this.options.client.progress) {
        this.sendMessage([client], "progress", this.options.client.progress);
      }

      if (this.options.client && this.options.client.reconnect) {
        this.sendMessage([client], "reconnect", this.options.client.reconnect);
      }

      if (this.options.client && this.options.client.overlay) {
        this.sendMessage([client], "overlay", this.options.client.overlay);
      }

      if (!this.stats) {
        return;
      }

      this.sendStats([client], this.getStats(this.stats), true);
    });
  }

  openBrowser(defaultOpenTarget) {
    const open = require("open");

    Promise.all(
      this.options.open.map((item) => {
        let openTarget;

        if (item.target === "<url>") {
          openTarget = defaultOpenTarget;
        } else {
          openTarget = Server.isAbsoluteURL(item.target)
            ? item.target
            : new URL(item.target, defaultOpenTarget).toString();
        }

        return open(openTarget, item.options).catch(() => {
          this.logger.warn(
            `Unable to open "${openTarget}" page${
              item.options.app
                ? ` in "${item.options.app.name}" app${
                    item.options.app.arguments
                      ? ` with "${item.options.app.arguments.join(
                          " "
                        )}" arguments`
                      : ""
                  }`
                : ""
            }. If you are running in a headless environment, please do not use the "open" option or related flags like "--open", "--open-target", and "--open-app".`
          );
        });
      })
    );
  }

  stopBonjour(callback = () => {}) {
    this.bonjour.unpublishAll(() => {
      this.bonjour.destroy();

      if (callback) {
        callback();
      }
    });
  }

  runBonjour() {
    this.bonjour = require("bonjour")();
    this.bonjour.publish({
      name: `Webpack Dev Server ${os.hostname()}:${this.options.port}`,
      port: this.options.port,
      type: this.options.server.type === "http" ? "http" : "https",
      subtypes: ["webpack"],
      ...this.options.bonjour,
    });
  }

  logStatus() {
    const { isColorSupported, cyan, red } = require("colorette");

    const getColorsOption = (compilerOptions) => {
      let colorsEnabled;

      if (
        compilerOptions.stats &&
        typeof compilerOptions.stats.colors !== "undefined"
      ) {
        colorsEnabled = compilerOptions.stats;
      } else {
        colorsEnabled = isColorSupported;
      }

      return colorsEnabled;
    };

    const colors = {
      info(useColor, msg) {
        if (useColor) {
          return cyan(msg);
        }

        return msg;
      },
      error(useColor, msg) {
        if (useColor) {
          return red(msg);
        }

        return msg;
      },
    };
    const useColor = getColorsOption(this.getCompilerOptions());

    if (this.options.ipc) {
      this.logger.info(`Project is running at: "${this.server.address()}"`);
    } else {
      const protocol = this.options.server.type === "http" ? "http" : "https";
      const { address, port } = this.server.address();
      const prettyPrintURL = (newHostname) =>
        url.format({ protocol, hostname: newHostname, port, pathname: "/" });

      let server;
      let localhost;
      let loopbackIPv4;
      let loopbackIPv6;
      let networkUrlIPv4;
      let networkUrlIPv6;

      if (this.options.host) {
        if (this.options.host === "localhost") {
          localhost = prettyPrintURL("localhost");
        } else {
          let isIP;

          try {
            isIP = ipaddr.parse(this.options.host);
          } catch (error) {
            // Ignore
          }

          if (!isIP) {
            server = prettyPrintURL(this.options.host);
          }
        }
      }

      const parsedIP = ipaddr.parse(address);

      if (parsedIP.range() === "unspecified") {
        localhost = prettyPrintURL("localhost");

        const networkIPv4 = Server.internalIPSync("v4");

        if (networkIPv4) {
          networkUrlIPv4 = prettyPrintURL(networkIPv4);
        }

        const networkIPv6 = Server.internalIPSync("v6");

        if (networkIPv6) {
          networkUrlIPv6 = prettyPrintURL(networkIPv6);
        }
      } else if (parsedIP.range() === "loopback") {
        if (parsedIP.kind() === "ipv4") {
          loopbackIPv4 = prettyPrintURL(parsedIP.toString());
        } else if (parsedIP.kind() === "ipv6") {
          loopbackIPv6 = prettyPrintURL(parsedIP.toString());
        }
      } else {
        networkUrlIPv4 =
          parsedIP.kind() === "ipv6" && parsedIP.isIPv4MappedAddress()
            ? prettyPrintURL(parsedIP.toIPv4Address().toString())
            : prettyPrintURL(address);

        if (parsedIP.kind() === "ipv6") {
          networkUrlIPv6 = prettyPrintURL(address);
        }
      }

      this.logger.info("Project is running at:");

      if (server) {
        this.logger.info(`Server: ${colors.info(useColor, server)}`);
      }

      if (localhost || loopbackIPv4 || loopbackIPv6) {
        const loopbacks = []
          .concat(localhost ? [colors.info(useColor, localhost)] : [])
          .concat(loopbackIPv4 ? [colors.info(useColor, loopbackIPv4)] : [])
          .concat(loopbackIPv6 ? [colors.info(useColor, loopbackIPv6)] : []);

        this.logger.info(`Loopback: ${loopbacks.join(", ")}`);
      }

      if (networkUrlIPv4) {
        this.logger.info(
          `On Your Network (IPv4): ${colors.info(useColor, networkUrlIPv4)}`
        );
      }

      if (networkUrlIPv6) {
        this.logger.info(
          `On Your Network (IPv6): ${colors.info(useColor, networkUrlIPv6)}`
        );
      }

      if (this.options.open.length > 0) {
        const openTarget = prettyPrintURL(this.options.host || "localhost");

        this.openBrowser(openTarget);
      }
    }

    if (this.options.static && this.options.static.length > 0) {
      this.logger.info(
        `Content not from webpack is served from '${colors.info(
          useColor,
          this.options.static
            .map((staticOption) => staticOption.directory)
            .join(", ")
        )}' directory`
      );
    }

    if (this.options.historyApiFallback) {
      this.logger.info(
        `404s will fallback to '${colors.info(
          useColor,
          this.options.historyApiFallback.index || "/index.html"
        )}'`
      );
    }

    if (this.options.bonjour) {
      const bonjourProtocol =
        this.options.bonjour.type || this.options.server.type === "http"
          ? "http"
          : "https";

      this.logger.info(
        `Broadcasting "${bonjourProtocol}" with subtype of "webpack" via ZeroConf DNS (Bonjour)`
      );
    }
  }

  setHeaders(req, res, next) {
    let { headers } = this.options;

    if (headers) {
      if (typeof headers === "function") {
        headers = headers(req, res, this.middleware.context);
      }

      const allHeaders = [];

      if (!Array.isArray(headers)) {
        // eslint-disable-next-line guard-for-in
        for (const name in headers) {
          allHeaders.push({ key: name, value: headers[name] });
        }
        headers = allHeaders;
      }

      headers.forEach((header) => {
        res.setHeader(header.key, header.value);
      });
    }

    next();
  }

  checkHeader(headers, headerToCheck) {
    // allow user to opt out of this security check, at their own risk
    // by explicitly enabling allowedHosts
    if (this.options.allowedHosts === "all") {
      return true;
    }

    // get the Host header and extract hostname
    // we don't care about port not matching
    const hostHeader = headers[headerToCheck];

    if (!hostHeader) {
      return false;
    }

    if (/^(file|.+-extension):/i.test(hostHeader)) {
      return true;
    }

    // use the node url-parser to retrieve the hostname from the host-header.
    const hostname = url.parse(
      // if hostHeader doesn't have scheme, add // for parsing.
      /^(.+:)?\/\//.test(hostHeader) ? hostHeader : `//${hostHeader}`,
      false,
      true
    ).hostname;

    // always allow requests with explicit IPv4 or IPv6-address.
    // A note on IPv6 addresses:
    // hostHeader will always contain the brackets denoting
    // an IPv6-address in URLs,
    // these are removed from the hostname in url.parse(),
    // so we have the pure IPv6-address in hostname.
    // always allow localhost host, for convenience (hostname === 'localhost')
    // allow hostname of listening address  (hostname === this.options.host)
    const isValidHostname =
      ipaddr.IPv4.isValid(hostname) ||
      ipaddr.IPv6.isValid(hostname) ||
      hostname === "localhost" ||
      hostname === this.options.host;

    if (isValidHostname) {
      return true;
    }

    const { allowedHosts } = this.options;

    // always allow localhost host, for convenience
    // allow if hostname is in allowedHosts
    if (Array.isArray(allowedHosts) && allowedHosts.length > 0) {
      for (let hostIdx = 0; hostIdx < allowedHosts.length; hostIdx++) {
        const allowedHost = allowedHosts[hostIdx];

        if (allowedHost === hostname) {
          return true;
        }

        // support "." as a subdomain wildcard
        // e.g. ".example.com" will allow "example.com", "www.example.com", "subdomain.example.com", etc
        if (allowedHost[0] === ".") {
          // "example.com"  (hostname === allowedHost.substring(1))
          // "*.example.com"  (hostname.endsWith(allowedHost))
          if (
            hostname === allowedHost.substring(1) ||
            hostname.endsWith(allowedHost)
          ) {
            return true;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Also allow if `client.webSocketURL.hostname` provided
    if (
      this.options.client &&
      typeof this.options.client.webSocketURL !== "undefined"
    ) {
      return this.options.client.webSocketURL.hostname === hostname;
    }

    // disallow
    return false;
  }

  // eslint-disable-next-line class-methods-use-this
  sendMessage(clients, type, data, params) {
    for (const client of clients) {
      // `sockjs` uses `1` to indicate client is ready to accept data
      // `ws` uses `WebSocket.OPEN`, but it is mean `1` too
      if (client.readyState === 1) {
        client.send(JSON.stringify({ type, data, params }));
      }
    }
  }

  serveMagicHtml(req, res, next) {
    this.middleware.waitUntilValid(() => {
      const _path = req.path;

      try {
        const filename = this.middleware.getFilenameFromUrl(`${_path}.js`);
        const isFile = this.middleware.context.outputFileSystem
          .statSync(filename)
          .isFile();

        if (!isFile) {
          return next();
        }

        // Serve a page that executes the javascript
        const queries = req._parsedUrl.search || "";
        const responsePage = `<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/></head><body><script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="${_path}.js${queries}"></script></body></html>`;

        res.send(responsePage);
      } catch (error) {
        return next();
      }
    });
  }

  // Send stats to a socket or multiple sockets
  sendStats(clients, stats, force) {
    const shouldEmit =
      !force &&
      stats &&
      (!stats.errors || stats.errors.length === 0) &&
      (!stats.warnings || stats.warnings.length === 0) &&
      this.currentHash === stats.hash;

    if (shouldEmit) {
      this.sendMessage(clients, "still-ok");

      return;
    }

    this.currentHash = stats.hash;
    this.sendMessage(clients, "hash", stats.hash);

    if (stats.errors.length > 0 || stats.warnings.length > 0) {
      const hasErrors = stats.errors.length > 0;

      if (stats.warnings.length > 0) {
        let params;

        if (hasErrors) {
          params = { preventReloading: true };
        }

        this.sendMessage(clients, "warnings", stats.warnings, params);
      }

      if (stats.errors.length > 0) {
        this.sendMessage(clients, "errors", stats.errors);
      }
    } else {
      this.sendMessage(clients, "ok");
    }
  }

  watchFiles(watchPath, watchOptions) {
    const chokidar = require("chokidar");
    const watcher = chokidar.watch(watchPath, watchOptions);

    // disabling refreshing on changing the content
    if (this.options.liveReload) {
      watcher.on("change", (item) => {
        if (this.webSocketServer) {
          this.sendMessage(
            this.webSocketServer.clients,
            "static-changed",
            item
          );
        }
      });
    }

    this.staticWatchers.push(watcher);
  }

  invalidate(callback) {
    if (this.middleware) {
      this.middleware.invalidate(callback);
    }
  }

  async start() {
    await this.normalizeOptions();

    if (this.options.ipc) {
      await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const net = require("net");
        const socket = new net.Socket();

        socket.on("error", (error) => {
          if (error.code === "ECONNREFUSED") {
            // No other server listening on this socket so it can be safely removed
            fs.unlinkSync(this.options.ipc);

            resolve();

            return;
          } else if (error.code === "ENOENT") {
            resolve();

            return;
          }

          reject(error);
        });

        socket.connect({ path: this.options.ipc }, () => {
          throw new Error(`IPC "${this.options.ipc}" is already used`);
        });
      });
    } else {
      this.options.host = await Server.getHostname(this.options.host);
      this.options.port = await Server.getFreePort(this.options.port);
    }

    await this.initialize();

    const listenOptions = this.options.ipc
      ? { path: this.options.ipc }
      : { host: this.options.host, port: this.options.port };

    await new Promise((resolve) => {
      this.server.listen(listenOptions, () => {
        resolve();
      });
    });

    if (this.options.ipc) {
      // chmod 666 (rw rw rw)
      const READ_WRITE = 438;

      await fs.promises.chmod(this.options.ipc, READ_WRITE);
    }

    if (this.options.webSocketServer) {
      this.createWebSocketServer();
    }

    if (this.options.bonjour) {
      this.runBonjour();
    }

    this.logStatus();

    if (typeof this.options.onListening === "function") {
      this.options.onListening(this);
    }
  }

  startCallback(callback = () => {}) {
    this.start()
      .then(() => callback(null), callback)
      .catch(callback);
  }

  async stop() {
    if (this.bonjour) {
      await new Promise((resolve) => {
        this.stopBonjour(() => {
          resolve();
        });
      });
    }

    this.webSocketProxies = [];

    await Promise.all(this.staticWatchers.map((watcher) => watcher.close()));

    this.staticWatchers = [];

    if (this.webSocketServer) {
      await new Promise((resolve) => {
        this.webSocketServer.implementation.close(() => {
          this.webSocketServer = null;

          resolve();
        });

        for (const client of this.webSocketServer.clients) {
          client.terminate();
        }

        this.webSocketServer.clients = [];
      });
    }

    if (this.server) {
      await new Promise((resolve) => {
        this.server.close(() => {
          this.server = null;

          resolve();
        });

        for (const socket of this.sockets) {
          socket.destroy();
        }

        this.sockets = [];
      });

      if (this.middleware) {
        await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          this.middleware.close((error) => {
            if (error) {
              reject(error);

              return;
            }

            resolve();
          });
        });

        this.middleware = null;
      }
    }

    // We add listeners to signals when creating a new Server instance
    // So ensure they are removed to prevent EventEmitter memory leak warnings
    for (const item of this.listeners) {
      process.removeListener(item.name, item.listener);
    }
  }

  stopCallback(callback = () => {}) {
    this.stop()
      .then(() => callback(null), callback)
      .catch(callback);
  }

  // TODO remove in the next major release
  listen(port, hostname, fn) {
    util.deprecate(
      () => {},
      "'listen' is deprecated. Please use the async 'start' or 'startCallback' method.",
      "DEP_WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_LISTEN"
    )();

    this.logger = this.compiler.getInfrastructureLogger("webpack-dev-server");

    if (typeof port === "function") {
      fn = port;
    }

    if (
      typeof port !== "undefined" &&
      typeof this.options.port !== "undefined" &&
      port !== this.options.port
    ) {
      this.options.port = port;

      this.logger.warn(
        'The "port" specified in options is different from the port passed as an argument. Will be used from arguments.'
      );
    }

    if (!this.options.port) {
      this.options.port = port;
    }

    if (
      typeof hostname !== "undefined" &&
      typeof this.options.host !== "undefined" &&
      hostname !== this.options.host
    ) {
      this.options.host = hostname;

      this.logger.warn(
        'The "host" specified in options is different from the host passed as an argument. Will be used from arguments.'
      );
    }

    if (!this.options.host) {
      this.options.host = hostname;
    }

    return this.start()
      .then(() => {
        if (fn) {
          fn.call(this.server);
        }
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        // Nothing
        if (fn) {
          fn.call(this.server, error);
        }
      });
  }

  // TODO remove in the next major release
  close(callback) {
    util.deprecate(
      () => {},
      "'close' is deprecated. Please use the async 'stop' or 'stopCallback' method.",
      "DEP_WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_CLOSE"
    )();

    return this.stop()
      .then(() => {
        if (callback) {
          callback(null);
        }
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        if (callback) {
          callback(error);
        }
      });
  }
}

const mergeExports = (obj, exports) => {
  const descriptors = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(exports);

  for (const name of Object.keys(descriptors)) {
    const descriptor = descriptors[name];

    if (descriptor.get) {
      const fn = descriptor.get;

      Object.defineProperty(obj, name, {
        configurable: false,
        enumerable: true,
        get: fn,
      });
    } else if (typeof descriptor.value === "object") {
      Object.defineProperty(obj, name, {
        configurable: false,
        enumerable: true,
        writable: false,
        value: mergeExports({}, descriptor.value),
      });
    } else {
      throw new Error(
        "Exposed values must be either a getter or an nested object"
      );
    }
  }

  return Object.freeze(obj);
};

module.exports = mergeExports(Server, {
  get schema() {
    return schema;
  },
  // TODO compatibility with webpack v4, remove it after drop
  cli: {
    get getArguments() {
      return () => require("../bin/cli-flags");
    },
    get processArguments() {
      return require("../bin/process-arguments");
    },
  },
});