req.ex

defmodule Req do
  @moduledoc ~S"""
  The high-level API.

  Req is composed of three main pieces:

    * `Req` - the high-level API (you're here!)

    * `Req.Request` - the low-level API and the request struct

    * `Req.Steps` - the collection of built-in steps

  The high-level API is what most users of Req will use most of the time.

  ## Examples

  Making a GET request with `Req.get!/1`:

      iex> Req.get!("https://api.github.com/repos/wojtekmach/req").body["description"]
      "Req is a batteries-included HTTP client for Elixir."

  Same, but by explicitly building request struct first:

      iex> req = Req.new(base_url: "https://api.github.com")
      iex> Req.get!(req, url: "/repos/wojtekmach/req").body["description"]
      "Req is a batteries-included HTTP client for Elixir."

  Making a POST request with `Req.post!/2`:

      iex> Req.post!("https://httpbin.org/post", form: [comments: "hello!"]).body["form"]
      %{"comments" => "hello!"}

  Stream request body:

      iex> stream = Stream.duplicate("foo", 3)
      iex> Req.post!("https://httpbin.org/post", body: stream).body["data"]
      "foofoofoo"

  Stream response body using a callback:

      iex> resp =
      ...>   Req.get!("http://httpbin.org/stream/2", into: fn {:data, data}, {req, resp} ->
      ...>     IO.puts(data)
      ...>     {:cont, {req, resp}}
      ...>   end)
      # output: {"url": "http://httpbin.org/stream/2", ...}
      # output: {"url": "http://httpbin.org/stream/2", ...}
      iex> resp.status
      200
      iex> resp.body
      ""

  Stream response body into a `Collectable`:

      iex> resp = Req.get!("http://httpbin.org/stream/2", into: IO.stream())
      # output: {"url": "http://httpbin.org/stream/2", ...}
      # output: {"url": "http://httpbin.org/stream/2", ...}
      iex> resp.status
      200
      iex> resp.body
      %IO.Stream{}
  """

  # TODO: Wait for Finch 0.17
  # Response streaming to caller:
  #
  #     iex> {req, resp} = Req.async_request!("http://httpbin.org/stream/2")
  #     iex> resp.status
  #     200
  #     iex> resp.body
  #     ""
  #     iex> Req.parse_message(req, receive do message -> message end)
  #     [{:data, "{\"url\": \"http://httpbin.org/stream/2\"" <> ...}]
  #     iex> Req.parse_message(req, receive do message -> message end)
  #     [{:data, "{\"url\": \"http://httpbin.org/stream/2\"" <> ...}]
  #     iex> Req.parse_message(req, receive do message -> message end)
  #     [:done]
  #     ""

  @type url() :: URI.t() | String.t()

  @doc """
  Returns a new request struct with built-in steps.

  See `Req.Request` module documentation for more information on the underlying request struct.

  ## Options

  Basic request options:

    * `:method` - the request method, defaults to `:get`.

    * `:url` - the request URL.

    * `:headers` - the request headers.

      The headers are automatically encoded using these rules:

        * atom header names are turned into strings, replacing `_` with `-`. For example,
          `:user_agent` becomes `"user-agent"`.

        * string header names are downcased.

        * `%DateTime{}` header values are encoded as "HTTP date".

        * other header values are encoded with `String.Chars.to_string/1`.

      If you set `:headers` options both in `Req.new/1` and `request/2`, the header lists are merged.

    * `:body` - the request body.

      Can be one of:

        * `iodata` - send request body eagerly

        * `enumerable` - stream `enumerable` as request body

  Additional URL options:

    * `:base_url` - if set, the request URL is prepended with this base URL (via
      [`put_base_url`](`Req.Steps.put_base_url/1`) step.)

    * `:params` - if set, appends parameters to the request query string (via
      [`put_params`](`Req.Steps.put_params/1`) step.)

    * `:path_params` - if set, uses a templated request path (via
      [`put_path_params`](`Req.Steps.put_path_params/1`) step.)

  Authentication options:

    * `:auth` - sets request authentication (via [`auth`](`Req.Steps.auth/1`) step.)

      Can be one of:

        * `string` - sets to this value.

        * `{username, password}` - uses Basic HTTP authentication.

        * `{:bearer, token}` - uses Bearer HTTP authentication.

        * `:netrc` - load credentials from the default .netrc file.

        * `{:netrc, path}` - load credentials from `path`.

    * `:redact_auth` - if set to `true`, when `Req.Request` struct is inspected, authentication credentials
      are redacted. Defaults to `true`.

  Request body options:

    * `:form` - if set, encodes the request body as form data ([`encode_body`](`Req.Steps.encode_body/1`) step.)

    * `:json` - if set, encodes the request body as JSON ([`encode_body`](`Req.Steps.encode_body/1`) step.)

    * `:compress_body` - if set to `true`, compresses the request body using gzip (via [`compress_body`](`Req.Steps.compress_body/1`) step.)
      Defaults to `false`.

  Response body options:

    * `:compressed` - if set to `true`, asks the server to return compressed response.
      (via [`compressed`](`Req.Steps.compressed/1`) step.) Defaults to `true`.

    * `:raw` - if set to `true`, disables automatic body decompression
      ([`decompress_body`](`Req.Steps.decompress_body/1`) step) and decoding
      ([`decode_body`](`Req.Steps.decode_body/1`) step.) Defaults to `false`.

    * `:decode_body` - if set to `false`, disables automatic response body decoding.
      Defaults to `true`.

    * `:decode_json` - options to pass to `Jason.decode!/2`, defaults to `[]`.

    * `:into` - where to send the response body. It can be one of:

        * `nil` - (default) read the whole response body and store it in the `response.body`
          field.

        * `fun` - stream response body using a function. The first argument is a `{:data, data}`
          tuple containing the chunk of the response body. The second argument is a
          `{request, response}` tuple. For example:

              into: fn {:data, data}, {req, resp} ->
                IO.puts(data)
                {:cont, {req, resp}}
              end

        * `collectable` - stream response body into a `t:Collectable.t/0`.

  Response redirect options ([`redirect`](`Req.Steps.redirect/1`) step):

    * `:redirect` - if set to `false`, disables automatic response redirects. Defaults to `true`.

    * `:redirect_trusted` - by default, authorization credentials are only sent on redirects
      with the same host, scheme and port. If `:redirect_trusted` is set to `true`, credentials
      will be sent to any host.

    * `:max_redirects` - the maximum number of redirects, defaults to `10`.

  Retry options ([`retry`](`Req.Steps.retry/1`) step):

    * `:retry` - can be set to: `:safe` (default) to only retry GET/HEAD requests on HTTP 408/5xx
      responses or exceptions, `false` to never retry, and `fun` - a 1-arity function that accepts
      either a `Req.Response` or an exception struct and returns boolean whether to retry

    * `:retry_delay` - a function that receives the retry count (starting at 0) and returns the delay, the
      number of milliseconds to sleep before making another attempt.
      Defaults to a simple exponential backoff: 1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, ...

    * `:max_retries` - maximum number of retry attempts, defaults to `3` (for a total of `4`
      requests to the server, including the initial one.)

  Caching options ([`cache`](`Req.Steps.cache/1`) step):

    * `:cache` - if `true`, performs HTTP caching. Defaults to `false`.

    * `:cache_dir` - the directory to store the cache, defaults to `<user_cache_dir>/req`
      (see: `:filename.basedir/3`)

  Request adapters:

    * `:adapter` - adapter to use to make the actual HTTP request. See `:adapter` field description
      in the `Req.Request` module documentation for more information. Defaults to calling [`run_finch`](`Req.Steps.run_finch/1`).

    * `:plug` - if set, calls the given Plug instead of making an HTTP request over the network (via [`put_plug`](`Req.Steps.put_plug/1`) step).

  Finch options ([`run_finch`](`Req.Steps.run_finch/1`) step)

    * `:finch` - the Finch pool to use. Defaults to pool automatically started by `Req`.

    * `:connect_options` - dynamically starts (or re-uses already started) Finch pool with
      the given connection options:

        * `:timeout` - socket connect timeout in milliseconds, defaults to `30_000`.

        * `:protocol` - the HTTP protocol to use, defaults to `:http1`.

        * `:hostname` - Mint explicit hostname.

        * `:transport_opts` - Mint transport options.

        * `:proxy_headers` - Mint proxy headers.

        * `:proxy` - Mint HTTP/1 proxy settings, a `{schema, address, port, options}` tuple.

        * `:client_settings` - Mint HTTP/2 client settings.

    * `:inet6` - if set to true, uses IPv6. Defaults to `false`.

    * `:pool_timeout` - pool checkout timeout in milliseconds, defaults to `5000`.

    * `:receive_timeout` - socket receive timeout in milliseconds, defaults to `15_000`.

    * `:unix_socket` - if set, connect through the given UNIX domain socket.

    * `:finch_request` - a function that executes the Finch request, defaults to using `Finch.request/3`.

  ## Examples

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://elixir-lang.org")
      iex> req.method
      :get
      iex> URI.to_string(req.url)
      "https://elixir-lang.org"

  Fake adapter:

      iex> fake = fn request ->
      ...>   {request, Req.Response.new(status: 200, body: "it works!")}
      ...> end
      iex>
      iex> req = Req.new(adapter: fake)
      iex> Req.get!(req).body
      "it works!"

  """
  @spec new(options :: keyword()) :: Req.Request.t()
  def new(options \\ []) do
    options = Keyword.merge(default_options(), options)
    {plugins, options} = Keyword.pop(options, :plugins, [])

    %Req.Request{
      registered_options:
        MapSet.new([
          :user_agent,
          :compressed,
          :range,
          :http_errors,
          :base_url,
          :params,
          :path_params,
          :auth,
          :form,
          :json,
          :compress_body,
          :compressed,
          :raw,
          :decode_body,
          :decode_json,
          :redirect,
          :redirect_trusted,
          :redirect_log_level,
          :max_redirects,
          :retry,
          :retry_delay,
          :retry_log_level,
          :max_retries,
          :cache,
          :cache_dir,
          :plug,
          :finch,
          :finch_request,
          :connect_options,
          :inet6,
          :receive_timeout,
          :pool_timeout,
          :unix_socket,

          # TODO: Remove on Req 1.0
          :output,
          :follow_redirects,
          :location_trusted
        ])
    }
    |> update(options)
    |> Req.Request.prepend_request_steps(
      put_user_agent: &Req.Steps.put_user_agent/1,
      compressed: &Req.Steps.compressed/1,
      encode_body: &Req.Steps.encode_body/1,
      put_base_url: &Req.Steps.put_base_url/1,
      auth: &Req.Steps.auth/1,
      put_params: &Req.Steps.put_params/1,
      put_path_params: &Req.Steps.put_path_params/1,
      put_range: &Req.Steps.put_range/1,
      cache: &Req.Steps.cache/1,
      put_plug: &Req.Steps.put_plug/1,
      compress_body: &Req.Steps.compress_body/1
    )
    |> Req.Request.prepend_response_steps(
      retry: &Req.Steps.retry/1,
      redirect: &Req.Steps.redirect/1,
      decompress_body: &Req.Steps.decompress_body/1,
      decode_body: &Req.Steps.decode_body/1,
      handle_http_errors: &Req.Steps.handle_http_errors/1,
      output: &Req.Steps.output/1
    )
    |> Req.Request.prepend_error_steps(retry: &Req.Steps.retry/1)
    |> run_plugins(plugins)
  end

  defp new(%Req.Request{} = request, options) when is_list(options) do
    Req.update(request, options)
  end

  defp new(options1, options2) when is_list(options1) and is_list(options2) do
    new(options1 ++ options2)
  end

  defp new(url, options) when (is_binary(url) or is_struct(url, URI)) and is_list(options) do
    new([url: url] ++ options)
  end

  defp new(request, options) when is_list(options) do
    raise ArgumentError,
          "expected 1nd argument to be a request, got: #{inspect(request)}"
  end

  defp new(_request, options) do
    raise ArgumentError,
          "expected 2nd argument to be an options keywords list, got: #{inspect(options)}"
  end

  @doc """
  Updates a request struct.

  See `new/1` for a list of available options. Also see `Req.Request` module documentation
  for more information on the underlying request struct.

  ## Examples

      iex> req = Req.new(base_url: "https://httpbin.org")
      iex> req = Req.update(req, auth: {"alice", "secret"})
      iex> req.options[:base_url]
      "https://httpbin.org"
      iex> req.options[:auth]
      {"alice", "secret"}

  Passing `:headers` will automatically encode and merge them:

      iex> req = Req.new(headers: [point_x: 1])
      iex> req = Req.update(req, headers: [point_y: 2])
      iex> req.headers
      %{"point-x" => ["1"], "point-y" => ["2"]}

  The same header names are overwritten however:

      iex> req = Req.new(headers: [authorization: "bearer foo"])
      iex> req = Req.update(req, headers: [authorization: "bearer bar"])
      iex> req.headers
      %{"authorization" => ["bearer bar"]}

  Similarly to headers, `:params` are merged too:

      req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything", params: [a: 1, b: 1])
      req = Req.update(req, params: [a: 2])
      Req.get!(req).body["args"]
      #=> %{"a" => "2", "b" => "1"}
  """
  @spec update(Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Request.t()
  def update(%Req.Request{} = request, options) when is_list(options) do
    request_option_names = [:method, :url, :headers, :body, :adapter, :into]

    {request_options, options} = Keyword.split(options, request_option_names)

    if options[:output] && unquote(!System.get_env("REQ_NOWARN_OUTPUT")) do
      IO.warn("setting `output: path` is deprecated in favour of `into: File.stream!(path)`")
    end

    registered =
      MapSet.union(
        request.registered_options,
        MapSet.new(request_option_names)
      )

    Req.Request.validate_options(options, registered)

    request =
      Enum.reduce(request_options, request, fn
        {:url, url}, acc ->
          put_in(acc.url, URI.parse(url))

        {:headers, new_headers}, acc ->
          update_in(acc.headers, fn old_headers ->
            if unquote(Req.MixProject.legacy_headers_as_lists?()) do
              new_headers = encode_headers(new_headers)
              new_header_names = Enum.map(new_headers, &elem(&1, 0))
              Enum.reject(old_headers, &(elem(&1, 0) in new_header_names)) ++ new_headers
            else
              Map.merge(old_headers, encode_headers(new_headers))
            end
          end)

        {name, value}, acc ->
          %{acc | name => value}
      end)

    update_in(
      request.options,
      &Map.merge(&1, Map.new(options), fn
        :params, old, new ->
          Keyword.merge(old, new)

        _, _, new ->
          new
      end)
    )
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a GET request and returns a response or an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.get("https://api.github.com/repos/wojtekmach/req")
      iex> resp.body["description"]
      "Req is a batteries-included HTTP client for Elixir."

  With options:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.get!(url: "https://api.github.com/repos/wojtekmach/req")
      iex> resp.status
      200

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(base_url: "https://api.github.com")
      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.get(req, url: "/repos/elixir-lang/elixir")
      iex> resp.status
      200

  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec get(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) ::
          {:ok, Req.Response.t()} | {:error, Exception.t()}
  def get(request, options \\ []) do
    request(%{new(request, options) | method: :get})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a GET request and returns a response or raises an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> Req.get!("https://api.github.com/repos/wojtekmach/req").body["description"]
      "Req is a batteries-included HTTP client for Elixir."

  With options:

      iex> Req.get!(url: "https://api.github.com/repos/wojtekmach/req").status
      200

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(base_url: "https://api.github.com")
      iex> Req.get!(req, url: "/repos/elixir-lang/elixir").status
      200

  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec get!(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def get!(request, options \\ []) do
    request!(%{new(request, options) | method: :get})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a HEAD request and returns a response or an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.head("https://httpbin.org/status/201")
      iex> resp.status
      201

  With options:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.head(url: "https://httpbin.org/status/201")
      iex> resp.status
      201

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(base_url: "https://httpbin.org")
      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.head(req, url: "/status/201")
      iex> resp.status
      201

  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec head(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def head(request, options \\ []) do
    request(%{new(request, options) | method: :head})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a HEAD request and returns a response or raises an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> Req.head!("https://httpbin.org/status/201").status
      201

  With options:

      iex> Req.head!(url: "https://httpbin.org/status/201").status
      201

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(base_url: "https://httpbin.org")
      iex> Req.head!(req, url: "/status/201").status
      201
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec head!(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def head!(request, options \\ []) do
    request!(%{new(request, options) | method: :head})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a POST request and returns a response or an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.post("https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.post("https://httpbin.org/anything", form: [x: 1])
      iex> resp.body["form"]
      %{"x" => "1"}

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.post("https://httpbin.org/anything", json: %{x: 2})
      iex> resp.body["json"]
      %{"x" => 2}

  With options:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.post(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.post(req, body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec post(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) ::
          {:ok, Req.Response.t()} | {:error, Exception.t()}
  def post(request, options \\ []) do
    request(%{new(request, options) | method: :post})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a POST request and returns a response or raises an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> Req.post!("https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"

      iex> Req.post!("https://httpbin.org/anything", form: [x: 1]).body["form"]
      %{"x" => "1"}

      iex> Req.post!("https://httpbin.org/anything", json: %{x: 2}).body["json"]
      %{"x" => 2}

  With options:

      iex> Req.post!(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> Req.post!(req, body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec post!(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def post!(request, options \\ []) do
    request!(%{new(request, options) | method: :post})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a PUT request and returns a response or an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.put("https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With options:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.put(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.put(req, body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec put(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) ::
          {:ok, Req.Response.t()} | {:error, Exception.t()}
  def put(request, options \\ []) do
    request(%{new(request, options) | method: :put})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a PUT request and returns a response or raises an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> Req.put!("https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With options:

      iex> Req.put!(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> Req.put!(req, body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec put!(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def put!(request, options \\ []) do
    request!(%{new(request, options) | method: :put})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a PATCH request and returns a response or an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.patch("https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With options:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.patch(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.patch(req, body: "hello!")
      iex> resp.body["data"]
      "hello!"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec patch(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) ::
          {:ok, Req.Response.t()} | {:error, Exception.t()}
  def patch(request, options \\ []) do
    request(%{new(request, options) | method: :patch})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a PATCH request and returns a response or raises an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> Req.patch!("https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With options:

      iex> Req.patch!(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything", body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> Req.patch!(req, body: "hello!").body["data"]
      "hello!"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec patch!(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def patch!(request, options \\ []) do
    request!(%{new(request, options) | method: :patch})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a DELETE request and returns a response or an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.delete("https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> resp.body["method"]
      "DELETE"

  With options:

      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.delete(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> resp.body["method"]
      "DELETE"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> {:ok, resp} = Req.delete(req)
      iex> resp.body["method"]
      "DELETE"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec delete(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) ::
          {:ok, Req.Response.t()} | {:error, Exception.t()}
  def delete(request, options \\ []) do
    request(%{new(request, options) | method: :delete})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes a DELETE request and returns a response or raises an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `String` or `URI`;
    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With URL:

      iex> Req.delete!("https://httpbin.org/anything").body["method"]
      "DELETE"

  With options:

      iex> Req.delete!(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything").body["method"]
      "DELETE"

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://httpbin.org/anything")
      iex> Req.delete!(req).body["method"]
      "DELETE"
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec delete!(url() | keyword() | Req.Request.t(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def delete!(request, options \\ []) do
    request!(%{new(request, options) | method: :delete})
  end

  @doc """
  Makes an HTTP request and returns a response or an error.

  `request` can be one of:

    * a `Keyword` options;
    * a `Req.Request` struct

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With options keywords list:

      iex> {:ok, response} = Req.request(url: "https://api.github.com/repos/wojtekmach/req")
      iex> response.status
      200
      iex> response.body["description"]
      "Req is a batteries-included HTTP client for Elixir."

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://api.github.com/repos/elixir-lang/elixir")
      iex> {:ok, response} = Req.request(req)
      iex> response.status
      200
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec request(request :: Req.Request.t() | keyword(), options :: keyword()) ::
          {:ok, Req.Response.t()} | {:error, Exception.t()}
  def request(request, options \\ []) do
    Req.Request.run(new(request, options))
  end

  @doc """
  Makes an HTTP request and returns a response or raises an error.

  See `new/1` for a list of available options.

  ## Examples

  With options keywords list:

      iex> Req.request!(url: "https://api.github.com/repos/elixir-lang/elixir").status
      200

  With request struct:

      iex> req = Req.new(url: "https://api.github.com/repos/elixir-lang/elixir")
      iex> Req.request!(req).status
      200
  """
  @doc type: :request
  @spec request!(request :: Req.Request.t() | keyword(), options :: keyword()) :: Req.Response.t()
  def request!(request, options \\ []) do
    case request(request, options) do
      {:ok, response} -> response
      {:error, exception} -> raise exception
    end
  end

  # TODO: Wait for Finch 0.17
  @doc false
  def async_request(request, options \\ []) do
    Req.Request.run_request(%{new(request, options) | into: :self})
  end

  # TODO: Wait for Finch 0.17
  @doc false
  def async_request!(request, options \\ []) do
    case async_request(request, options) do
      {request, %Req.Response{} = response} ->
        {request, response}

      {_request, exception} ->
        raise exception
    end
  end

  # TODO: Wait for Finch 0.17
  @doc false
  def parse_message(%Req.Request{} = request, message) do
    request.async.stream_fun.(request.async.ref, message)
  end

  # TODO: Wait for Finch 0.17
  @doc false
  def cancel_async_request(%Req.Request{} = request) do
    request.async.cancel_fun.(request.async.ref)
  end

  def run_request(request, options \\ []) do
    request
    |> Req.update(options)
    |> Req.Request.run_request()
  end

  def run_request!(request, options \\ []) do
    case run_request(request, options) do
      {request, %Req.Response{} = response} ->
        {request, response}

      {_request, exception} ->
        raise exception
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Returns default options.

  See `default_options/1` for more information.
  """
  @spec default_options() :: keyword()
  def default_options() do
    Application.get_env(:req, :default_options, [])
  end

  @doc """
  Sets default options for `Req.new/1`.

  Avoid setting default options in libraries as they are global.

  ## Examples

      iex> Req.default_options(base_url: "https://httpbin.org")
      iex> Req.get!("/statuses/201").status
      201
      iex> Req.new() |> Req.get!(url: "/statuses/201").status
      201
  """
  @spec default_options(keyword()) :: :ok
  def default_options(options) do
    Application.put_env(:req, :default_options, options)
  end

  if Req.MixProject.legacy_headers_as_lists?() do
    defp encode_headers(headers) do
      for {name, value} <- headers do
        {encode_header_name(name), encode_header_value(value)}
      end
    end
  else
    defp encode_headers(headers) do
      Enum.reduce(headers, %{}, fn {name, value}, acc ->
        Map.update(
          acc,
          encode_header_name(name),
          encode_header_values(List.wrap(value)),
          &(&1 ++ encode_header_values(List.wrap(value)))
        )
      end)
    end

    defp encode_header_values([value | rest]) do
      [encode_header_value(value) | encode_header_values(rest)]
    end

    defp encode_header_values([]) do
      []
    end
  end

  defp encode_header_name(name) when is_atom(name) do
    name |> Atom.to_string() |> String.replace("_", "-") |> __ensure_header_downcase__()
  end

  defp encode_header_name(name) when is_binary(name) do
    __ensure_header_downcase__(name)
  end

  defp encode_header_value(%DateTime{} = datetime) do
    datetime |> DateTime.shift_zone!("Etc/UTC") |> Req.Steps.format_http_datetime()
  end

  defp encode_header_value(%NaiveDateTime{} = datetime) do
    IO.warn("setting header to %NaiveDateTime{} is deprecated, use %DateTime{} instead")
    Req.Steps.format_http_datetime(datetime)
  end

  defp encode_header_value(value) do
    String.Chars.to_string(value)
  end

  # Plugins support is experimental, undocumented, and likely won't make the new release.
  defp run_plugins(request, [plugin | rest]) when is_atom(plugin) do
    if Code.ensure_loaded?(plugin) and function_exported?(plugin, :attach, 1) do
      run_plugins(plugin.attach(request), rest)
    else
      run_plugins(plugin.run(request), rest)
    end
  end

  defp run_plugins(request, [plugin | rest]) when is_function(plugin, 1) do
    run_plugins(plugin.(request), rest)
  end

  defp run_plugins(request, []) do
    request
  end

  @doc false
  @deprecated "Manually build Req.Request struct instead"
  def build(method, url, options \\ []) do
    %Req.Request{
      method: method,
      url: URI.parse(url),
      headers: Keyword.get(options, :headers, []),
      body: Keyword.get(options, :body, "")
    }
  end

  def __ensure_header_downcase__(name) do
    downcased = String.downcase(name, :ascii)

    if name != downcased do
      IO.warn("header names should be downcased, got: #{name}")
    end

    downcased
  end
end