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<title>Studies on the Effectiveness of Azithromycin for Treating Lower Respiratory Tract Infections — dat.laopaiboon2015 • metafor</title>
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<h1>Studies on the Effectiveness of Azithromycin for Treating Lower Respiratory Tract Infections</h1>
<div class="hidden name"><code>dat.laopaiboon2015.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Results from 15 studies the effectiveness of azithromycin versus amoxycillin or amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (amoxyclav) in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='no'>dat.laopaiboon2015</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>The data frame contains the following columns:</p><table class='table'>
<tr><td><b>author</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>author(s)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>year</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>publication year</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>ai</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>number of clinical failures in the group treated with azithromycin</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>n1i</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>number of patients in the group treated with azithromycin</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>ci</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>number of clinical failures in the group treated with amoxycillin or amoxyclav</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>n2i</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>number of patients in the group treated with amoxycillin or amoxyclav</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>age</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>whether the trial included adults or children</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>diag.ab</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>trial included patients with a diagnosis of acute bacterial bronchitis</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>diag.cb</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>trial included patients with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis with acute exacerbation</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>diag.pn</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>trial included patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>ctrl</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>antibiotic in control group (amoxycillin or amoxyclav)</td></tr>
</table>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>Azithromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Laopaiboon et al. (2015) conducted a meta-analysis of trials comparing the effectiveness of azithromycin versus amoxycillin or amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (amoxyclav) in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections, including acute bacterial bronchitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. The results from 15 trials are included in this dataset.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p>Laopaiboon, M., Panpanich, R., & Swa Mya, K. (2015). Azithromycin for acute lower respiratory tract infections. <em>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</em>, <b>3</b>, CD001954.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre class="examples"><div class='input'><span class='co'>### load data</span>
<span class='no'>dat</span> <span class='kw'><-</span> <span class='fu'>get</span>(<span class='fu'>data</span>(<span class='no'>dat.laopaiboon2015</span>))
<span class='co'>### analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='rma.mh.html'>rma.mh</a></span>(<span class='kw'>measure</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='st'>"RR"</span>, <span class='kw'>ai</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>ai</span>, <span class='kw'>n1i</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>n1i</span>, <span class='kw'>ci</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>ci</span>, <span class='kw'>n2i</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>n2i</span>, <span class='kw'>data</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>dat</span>, <span class='kw'>digits</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>3</span>)</div><div class='output co'>#>
#> Fixed-Effects Model (k = 15)
#>
#> Test for Heterogeneity:
#> Q(df = 14) = 40.348, p-val < .001
#>
#> Model Results (log scale):
#>
#> estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
#> -0.083 0.117 -0.709 0.479 -0.311 0.146
#>
#> Model Results (RR scale):
#>
#> estimate ci.lb ci.ub
#> 0.921 0.733 1.157
#> </div><div class='input'>
<span class='co'>### calculate log risk ratios and corresponding sampling variances</span>
<span class='no'>dat</span> <span class='kw'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='escalc.html'>escalc</a></span>(<span class='kw'>measure</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='st'>"RR"</span>, <span class='kw'>ai</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>ai</span>, <span class='kw'>n1i</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>n1i</span>, <span class='kw'>ci</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>ci</span>, <span class='kw'>n2i</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>n2i</span>, <span class='kw'>data</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>dat</span>)
<span class='co'>### random-effects model</span>
<span class='no'>res</span> <span class='kw'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='rma.uni.html'>rma</a></span>(<span class='no'>yi</span>, <span class='no'>vi</span>, <span class='kw'>data</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>dat</span>)
<span class='no'>res</span></div><div class='output co'>#>
#> Random-Effects Model (k = 15; tau^2 estimator: REML)
#>
#> tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.5874 (SE = 0.3897)
#> tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.7664
#> I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 64.85%
#> H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 2.84
#>
#> Test for Heterogeneity:
#> Q(df = 14) = 38.4438, p-val = 0.0004
#>
#> Model Results:
#>
#> estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
#> 0.0852 0.2673 0.3186 0.7501 -0.4388 0.6092
#>
#> ---
#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> </div><div class='input'>
<span class='co'>### average risk ratio with 95% CI</span>
<span class='fu'>predict</span>(<span class='no'>res</span>, <span class='kw'>transf</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>exp</span>)</div><div class='output co'>#>
#> pred ci.lb ci.ub cr.lb cr.ub
#> 1.0889 0.6448 1.8389 0.2218 5.3447
#> </div></pre>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked">
<li><a href="#format">Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#details">Details</a></li>
<li><a href="#source">Source</a></li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
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