-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 50
/
dat.molloy2014.html
266 lines (210 loc) · 15.2 KB
/
dat.molloy2014.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Studies on the Relationship between Conscientiousness and Medication Adherence — dat.molloy2014 • metafor</title>
<!-- jquery -->
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootswatch/3.3.7/cosmo/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- Font Awesome icons -->
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- clipboard.js -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js" integrity="sha384-cV+rhyOuRHc9Ub/91rihWcGmMmCXDeksTtCihMupQHSsi8GIIRDG0ThDc3HGQFJ3" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- sticky kit -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/sticky-kit/1.1.3/sticky-kit.min.js" integrity="sha256-c4Rlo1ZozqTPE2RLuvbusY3+SU1pQaJC0TjuhygMipw=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- pkgdown -->
<link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="../pkgdown.js"></script>
<meta property="og:title" content="Studies on the Relationship between Conscientiousness and Medication Adherence — dat.molloy2014" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Results from 16 studies on the correlation between conscientiousness and medication adherence." />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<!-- mathjax -->
<script src='https://mathjax.rstudio.com/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML'></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="container template-reference-topic">
<header>
<div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
<span class="label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released package">2.1.0</span>
</span>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<a href="../index.html">
<span class="fa fa-home fa-lg"></span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../reference/metafor-package.html">Intro</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../reference/index.html">Functions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/pkgdown/diagram.html">Diagram</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php/jss/article/view/v036i03/v36i03.pdf">JSS Article (pdf)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../news/index.html">Changelog</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li>
<a href="https://twitter.com/wviechtb">
<span class="fa fa-twitter"></span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/wviechtb/metafor">
<span class="fa fa-github"></span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div><!--/.container -->
</div><!--/.navbar -->
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Studies on the Relationship between Conscientiousness and Medication Adherence</h1>
<div class="hidden name"><code>dat.molloy2014.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Results from 16 studies on the correlation between conscientiousness and medication adherence.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='no'>dat.molloy2014</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>The data frame contains the following columns:</p><table class='table'>
<tr><td><b>authors</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>study authors</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>year</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>publication year</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>ni</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>sample size of the study</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>ri</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>observed correlation</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>controls</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>number of variables controlled for</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>design</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>whether a cross-sectional or prospective design was used</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>a_measure</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>type of adherence measure (self-report or other)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>c_measure</b></td><td><code>character</code></td><td>type of conscientiousness measure (NEO or other)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>meanage</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>mean age of the sample</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>quality</b></td><td><code>numeric</code></td><td>methodological quality</td></tr>
</table>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>Conscientiousness, one of the big-5 personality traits, can be defined as “socially prescribed impulse control that facilitates task- and goal-directed behaviour, such as thinking before acting, delaying gratification, following norms and rules and planning, organising and prioritising tasks” (John & Srivastava, 1999). Conscientiousness has been shown to be related to a number of health-related behaviors (e.g., tobacco/alcohol/drug use, diet and activity patterns, risky behaviors). A recent meta-analysis by Molloy et al. (2014) examined to what extent conscientiousness is related to medication adherence, that is, the extent to which (typically chronically ill) patients follow a prescribed medication regimen (e.g., taking a daily dose of a cholesterol lowering drug in patients with high LDL serum cholesterol levels). The results from the 16 studies included in this meta-analysis are provided in this dataset.</p>
<p>Variable <code>a_measure</code> indicates whether adherence was measured based on self-reports or a more ‘objective’ measure (e.g., electronic monitoring of pill bottle openings, pill counts). Variable <code>c_measure</code> indicates whether conscientiousness was measured with some version of the NEO personality inventory or some other scale. Methodological quality was scored by the authors on a 1 to 4 scale with higher scores indicating higher quality (see article for details on how this score was derived).</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p>Molloy, G. J., O'Carroll, R. E., & Ferguson, E. (2014). Conscientiousness and medication adherence: A meta-analysis. <em>Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 47,</em> 92--101.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="references"><a class="anchor" href="#references"></a>References</h2>
<p>John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), <em>Handbook of personality: Theory and research</em> (2nd ed., pp. 102-138). New York: Guilford Press.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre class="examples"><div class='input'><span class='co'>### load data</span>
<span class='no'>dat</span> <span class='kw'><-</span> <span class='fu'>get</span>(<span class='fu'>data</span>(<span class='no'>dat.molloy2014</span>))
<span class='co'>### calculate r-to-z transformed correlations and corresponding sampling variances</span>
<span class='no'>dat</span> <span class='kw'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='escalc.html'>escalc</a></span>(<span class='kw'>measure</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='st'>"ZCOR"</span>, <span class='kw'>ri</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>ri</span>, <span class='kw'>ni</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>ni</span>, <span class='kw'>data</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>dat</span>, <span class='kw'>slab</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fu'>paste</span>(<span class='no'>authors</span>, <span class='no'>year</span>, <span class='kw'>sep</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='st'>", "</span>))
<span class='no'>dat</span></div><div class='output co'>#> authors year ni ri controls design a_measure
#> 1 Axelsson et al. 2009 109 0.187 none cross-sectional self-report
#> 2 Axelsson et al. 2011 749 0.162 none cross-sectional self-report
#> 3 Bruce et al. 2010 55 0.340 none prospective other
#> 4 Christensen et al. 1999 107 0.320 none cross-sectional self-report
#> 5 Christensen & Smith 1995 72 0.270 none prospective other
#> 6 Cohen et al. 2004 65 0.000 none prospective other
#> 7 Dobbels et al. 2005 174 0.175 none cross-sectional self-report
#> 8 Ediger et al. 2007 326 0.050 multiple prospective self-report
#> 9 Insel et al. 2006 58 0.260 none prospective other
#> 10 Jerant et al. 2011 771 0.010 multiple prospective other
#> 11 Moran et al. 1997 56 -0.090 multiple prospective other
#> 12 O'Cleirigh et al. 2007 91 0.370 none prospective self-report
#> 13 Penedo et al. 2003 116 0.000 none cross-sectional self-report
#> 14 Quine et al. 2012 537 0.150 none prospective self-report
#> 15 Stilley et al. 2004 158 0.240 none prospective other
#> 16 Wiebe & Christensen 1997 65 0.040 none prospective other
#> c_measure meanage quality yi vi
#> 1 other 22.00 1 0.1892 0.0094
#> 2 NEO 53.59 1 0.1634 0.0013
#> 3 NEO 43.36 2 0.3541 0.0192
#> 4 other 41.70 1 0.3316 0.0096
#> 5 NEO 46.39 2 0.2769 0.0145
#> 6 NEO 41.20 2 0.0000 0.0161
#> 7 NEO 52.30 1 0.1768 0.0058
#> 8 NEO 41.00 3 0.0500 0.0031
#> 9 other 77.00 2 0.2661 0.0182
#> 10 NEO 78.60 3 0.0100 0.0013
#> 11 NEO 57.20 2 -0.0902 0.0189
#> 12 NEO 37.90 2 0.3884 0.0114
#> 13 NEO 39.20 1 0.0000 0.0088
#> 14 other 69.00 2 0.1511 0.0019
#> 15 NEO 46.20 3 0.2448 0.0065
#> 16 NEO 56.00 1 0.0400 0.0161 </div><div class='input'>
<span class='co'>### meta-analysis of the transformed correlations using a random-effects model</span>
<span class='no'>res</span> <span class='kw'><-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='rma.uni.html'>rma</a></span>(<span class='no'>yi</span>, <span class='no'>vi</span>, <span class='kw'>data</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>dat</span>)
<span class='no'>res</span></div><div class='output co'>#>
#> Random-Effects Model (k = 16; tau^2 estimator: REML)
#>
#> tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0081 (SE = 0.0055)
#> tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0901
#> I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 61.73%
#> H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 2.61
#>
#> Test for Heterogeneity:
#> Q(df = 15) = 38.1595, p-val = 0.0009
#>
#> Model Results:
#>
#> estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
#> 0.1499 0.0316 4.7501 <.0001 0.0881 0.2118 ***
#>
#> ---
#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#> </div><div class='input'>
<span class='co'>### average correlation with 95% CI</span>
<span class='fu'>predict</span>(<span class='no'>res</span>, <span class='kw'>digits</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>3</span>, <span class='kw'>transf</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>transf.ztor</span>)</div><div class='output co'>#>
#> pred ci.lb ci.ub cr.lb cr.ub
#> 0.149 0.088 0.209 -0.037 0.325
#> </div><div class='input'>
<span class='co'>### forest plot</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='forest.html'>forest</a></span>(<span class='no'>res</span>, <span class='kw'>addcred</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>TRUE</span>, <span class='kw'>xlim</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fu'>c</span>(-<span class='fl'>1.6</span>,<span class='fl'>1.6</span>), <span class='kw'>atransf</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='no'>transf.ztor</span>,
<span class='kw'>at</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fu'><a href='transf.html'>transf.rtoz</a></span>(<span class='fu'>c</span>(-<span class='fl'>.4</span>,-<span class='fl'>.2</span>,<span class='fl'>0</span>,<span class='fl'>.2</span>,<span class='fl'>.4</span>,<span class='fl'>.6</span>)), <span class='kw'>digits</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fu'>c</span>(<span class='fl'>2</span>,<span class='fl'>1</span>), <span class='kw'>cex</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>.8</span>)</div><div class='input'><span class='fu'>text</span>(-<span class='fl'>1.6</span>, <span class='fl'>18</span>, <span class='st'>"Author(s), Year"</span>, <span class='kw'>pos</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>4</span>, <span class='kw'>cex</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>.8</span>)</div><div class='input'><span class='fu'>text</span>( <span class='fl'>1.6</span>, <span class='fl'>18</span>, <span class='st'>"Correlation [95% CI]"</span>, <span class='kw'>pos</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>2</span>, <span class='kw'>cex</span><span class='kw'>=</span><span class='fl'>.8</span>)</div><div class='img'><img src='dat.molloy2014-1.png' alt='' width='768' height='614' /></div><div class='input'>
<span class='co'>### funnel plot</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='funnel.html'>funnel</a></span>(<span class='no'>res</span>)</div><div class='img'><img src='dat.molloy2014-2.png' alt='' width='768' height='614' /></div></pre>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="sidebar">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked">
<li><a href="#format">Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#details">Details</a></li>
<li><a href="#source">Source</a></li>
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div class="copyright">
<p>Developed by Wolfgang Viechtbauer.</p>
</div>
<div class="pkgdown">
<p>Site built with <a href="http://pkgdown.r-lib.org/">pkgdown</a>.</p>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>