affineCipher.py

# Affine Cipher
# http://inventwithpython.com/hacking (BSD Licensed)

import sys, pyperclip, cryptomath, random
SYMBOLS = """ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~""" # note the space at the front


def main():
    myMessage = """"A computer would deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human." -Alan Turing"""
    myKey = 2023
    myMode = 'encrypt' # set to 'encrypt' or 'decrypt'

    if myMode == 'encrypt':
        translated = encryptMessage(myKey, myMessage)
    elif myMode == 'decrypt':
        translated = decryptMessage(myKey, myMessage)
    print('Key: %s' % (myKey))
    print('%sed text:' % (myMode.title()))
    print(translated)
    pyperclip.copy(translated)
    print('Full %sed text copied to clipboard.' % (myMode))


def getKeyParts(key):
    keyA = key // len(SYMBOLS)
    keyB = key % len(SYMBOLS)
    return (keyA, keyB)


def checkKeys(keyA, keyB, mode):
    if keyA == 1 and mode == 'encrypt':
        sys.exit('The affine cipher becomes incredibly weak when key A is set to 1. Choose a different key.')
    if keyB == 0 and mode == 'encrypt':
        sys.exit('The affine cipher becomes incredibly weak when key B is set to 0. Choose a different key.')
    if keyA < 0 or keyB < 0 or keyB > len(SYMBOLS) - 1:
        sys.exit('Key A must be greater than 0 and Key B must be between 0 and %s.' % (len(SYMBOLS) - 1))
    if cryptomath.gcd(keyA, len(SYMBOLS)) != 1:
        sys.exit('Key A (%s) and the symbol set size (%s) are not relatively prime. Choose a different key.' % (keyA, len(SYMBOLS)))


def encryptMessage(key, message):
    keyA, keyB = getKeyParts(key)
    checkKeys(keyA, keyB, 'encrypt')
    ciphertext = ''
    for symbol in message:
        if symbol in SYMBOLS:
            # encrypt this symbol
            symIndex = SYMBOLS.find(symbol)
            ciphertext += SYMBOLS[(symIndex * keyA + keyB) % len(SYMBOLS)]
        else:
            ciphertext += symbol # just append this symbol unencrypted
    return ciphertext


def decryptMessage(key, message):
    keyA, keyB = getKeyParts(key)
    checkKeys(keyA, keyB, 'decrypt')
    plaintext = ''
    modInverseOfKeyA = cryptomath.findModInverse(keyA, len(SYMBOLS))

    for symbol in message:
        if symbol in SYMBOLS:
            # decrypt this symbol
            symIndex = SYMBOLS.find(symbol)
            plaintext += SYMBOLS[(symIndex - keyB) * modInverseOfKeyA % len(SYMBOLS)]
        else:
            plaintext += symbol # just append this symbol undecrypted
    return plaintext


def getRandomKey():
    while True:
        keyA = random.randint(2, len(SYMBOLS))
        keyB = random.randint(2, len(SYMBOLS))
        if cryptomath.gcd(keyA, len(SYMBOLS)) == 1:
            return keyA * len(SYMBOLS) + keyB


# If affineCipher.py is run (instead of imported as a module) call
# the main() function.
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()