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  1. collective dream https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/67/spellberg1.php

  2. memory-editing in dream https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4160044/ https://philpapers.org/rec/LOFDIA

  3. user study for dream-related recalling https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2022-41984-001

  4. description-based dream visualization https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/cyber-key-to-dreams/overview/ https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/we-walk-the-line/overview/

  5. using dream visualization to activate memories to re-trigger the dream https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsr.13391

  6. generative AI and dream/memory http://social-dynamics.net/dreams/press/8.digital.pdf

Memory types :

Episodic memory and semantic memory are two types of declarative memory, and one might be impacted without the other. Episodic memory refers to the capacity for recollecting happenings from the past, for remembering events that occurred in particular spatial and temporal contexts. Semantic memory refers to the capacity for recollecting facts an general knowledge about the world. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:3%3C205::AID-HIPO3%3E3.0.CO;2-I

Memory is consolidated during REM sleep (the period of sleep during which we are the most likely to dream) :

REM sleep seems to enable us to form new connections by integrating new experiences into our elaborate and immense network of personal experience. Several studies have looked at how associative processing in REM sleep might lead to insight or creativity. For instance, when awakening from REM sleep, subjects are better at finding solutions to anagrams, a task that requires creative associative processing in order to rearrange a jumble of letters to produce a new word.

Source : Walker, M. P., Liston, C., Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (2002). Cognitive flexibility across the sleep–wake cycle: REM-sleep enhancement of anagram problem solving. Cognitive Brain Research, 14(3), 317-324.

Sleep preferentially consolidates memories that are more important for the future, such as emotional experiences. With this in mind, a recent study attempted to assess the associative power of REM sleep on emotional vs. neutral stimuli. The results suggest that positive emotional experiences may enhance the spreading and forming of new connections during REM. Source : Carr, M., & Nielsen, T. (2015). Morning Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Naps Facilitate Broad Access to Emotional Semantic Networks. Sleep.

A widely accepted view in memory research is that previously acquired information can be reactivated during sleep, leading to persistent memory storage.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363748232_Improving_memory_via_automated_targeted_memory_reactivation_during_sleep

During sleep, emotional memories are preferentially strengthened. Source : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359061724_Effects_of_sleep_on_positive_negative_and_neutral_valenced_story_and_image_memory

Dreaming of a Learning Task Is Associated with Enhanced Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982210003520

Large, “uncompressed” episodic memory is converted into long term semantic (compressed) memory

Sleep is known to support memory consolidation. At the beginning of this process is sleep’s ability to preserve episodic experiences preferentially encoded in hippocampal network. Repeated neuronal reactivation of these representations during slow-wave sleep transforms episodic representations into long-term memories (semantic), redistributes them toward extrahippocampal networks, and qualitatively changes them to decontextualized schema-like representations (compressed, textual-like semantic information) https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/se367/14/Readings/papers/inostroza-born-13_sleep-for-transforming-episodic-memory.pdf

Procedural memory, perceptual representation system, semantic and episodic memory benefit either from NREM or REM sleep, or from both: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00450.x

Here are public databases to choose from: https://sleepanddreamdatabase.org/ https://www.dreambank.net/

how often are dreams first person perspective vss third? It depends on sleep stage that they are awakening from, and the age of participants. Young children, for instance, have very few 1st person dreams. But it's rare in adults to get a purely 3rd person perspective dream. The 1st and 2nd paper below are on this.

Zihan, you might like these relevant papers: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.311 https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA62839421&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=01463934&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=mlin_oweb&isGeoAuthType=true https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cogs.12244 https://philarchive.org/archive/ROSSAP-2

I’ve found this writer (Danielle Carr) very challenging and very interesting. Here are two articles which made me rethink mental health and neuralink:

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/20/opinion/us-mental-health-politics.amp.html

https://thebaffler.com/latest/shit-for-brains-carr

potential areas worth exploring Positive Technology, Positive Computing Andrea Gaggioli, Giuseppe Riva, Dorian Peters, and Rafael A. Calvo. 2017. Positive Technology, Computing, and Design: Shaping a Future in Which Technology Promotes Psychological Well-Being. In Emotions and Affect in Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction. Elsevier, 477–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801851-4.00018-5

Lucid dream

Kitson A, Muntean R, DiPaola S and Riecke B. Lucid Loop: Exploring the Parallels between Immersive Experiences and Lucid Dreaming. Designing Interactive Systems Conference. (865-880). https://doi.org/10.1145/3532106.3533538

Kitson A, DiPaola S and Riecke B. Lucid Loop. Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. (1-6). https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312952

Liu P, Stepanova E, Kitson A, Schiphorst T and Riecke B. Virtual Transcendent Dream: Empowering People through Embodied Flying in Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. (1-18). https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517677

Kitson A, Stepanova E, Aguilar I, Wainwright N and Riecke B. Designing Mind(set) and Setting for Profound Emotional Experiences in Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. (655-668). https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395560

VR

PTSD treatment

  1. Barbara O. Rothbaum, Albert “Skip” Rizzo, and JoAnn Difede. 2010. Virtual reality exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1208, 1: 126–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05691.x

pain management

  1. L. J. Gerry. 2017. Paint with Me: Stimulating Creativity and Empathy While Painting with a Painter in Virtual Reality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 23, 4: 1418–1426. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2657239
  2. Xin Tong, Diane Gromala, Bernhard E. Riecke, Chris D. Shaw, Thomas Loughin, and Mehdi Karamnejad. 2014. Usability Comparisons of Head-Mounted vs. Immersive Desktop Displays for Pain Management in Virtual Reality.
  3. Mark D. Wiederhold and Brenda K. Wiederhold. 2007. Virtual Reality and Interactive Simulation for Pain Distraction. Pain Medicine 8: S182–S188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00381.x

Others

  1. Melanie Schädlich and Daniel Erlacher. 2012. Applications of lucid dreams: An online study. International Journal of Dream Research 5, 2: 134–138. https://doi.org/10.11588/ijodr.2012.2.9505
  2. Isaac Y. Taitz. 2014. Clinical Applications of Lucid Dreaming Therapy. Lucid Dreaming: New Perspectives on Consciousness in Sleep [2 volumes]: New Perspectives on Consciousness in Sleep: 167.

Possible tools and analysis methods

  1. Audio recordings of the interview and interview’s notes were imported into NVivo 11 for Mac, a qualitative data analysis software, and transcribed to text.
  2. Clark Moustakas. 1994. Phenomenological research methods. Sage.
  3. Amedeo Giorgi. 1985. Phenomenology and psychological research. Duquesne.

Imagery rehearsal therapy

  1. Krakow B, Hollifield M, Johnston L, et al. Imagery rehearsal therapy for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001;286(5): 537–45.
  2. Krakow B, Germain A, Tandberg D, et al. Sleep breathing and sleep movement disorders masquerading as insomnia in sexual-assault survivors. Compr Psychiatry 2000;41(1):49–56.
  3. Krakow B, Germain A, Warner TD, et al. The relationship of sleep quality and posttraumatic stress to potential sleep disorders in sexual assault survivors with nightmares, insomnia, and PTSD. J Trauma Stress 2001;14(4):647–65.
  4. Krakow B, Melendrez D, Warner TD, et al. To breathe, perchance to sleep: sleep-disordered breathing and chronic insomnia among trauma survivors. Sleep Breath 2002;6(4):189–202.
  5. Krakow B, Melendrez D, Pedersen B, et al. Complex insomnia: insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing in a consecutive series of crime victims with nightmares and PTSD. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 49(11):948–53
  6. Krakow B, Lowry C, Germain A, et al. A retrospective study on improvements in nightmares and post-traumatic stress disorder following treatment for comorbid sleep-disordered breathing. J Psychosom Res 2000;49(5):291–8
  7. Barrett D, editor. Trauma and dreams. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1996.

Joanna Pilarczyk, Michał Kuniecki, Kinga Wołoszyn, and Radosław Sterna. 2020. Blue blood, red blood. How does the color of an emotional scene affect visual attention and pupil size? Vision Research, Vol. 171 (2020), 36--45