kube.go

package kubernetes

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"regexp"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"text/template"
	"time"

	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/zalando/skipper/eskip"
	"github.com/zalando/skipper/filters"
	"github.com/zalando/skipper/loadbalancer"
	"github.com/zalando/skipper/secrets/certregistry"
)

const DefaultLoadBalancerAlgorithm = "roundRobin"

const (
	defaultIngressClass    = "skipper"
	defaultRouteGroupClass = "skipper"
	serviceHostEnvVar      = "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST"
	servicePortEnvVar      = "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT"
	httpRedirectRouteID    = "kube__redirect"
	defaultEastWestDomain  = "skipper.cluster.local"
)

// PathMode values are used to control the ingress path interpretation. The path mode can
// be set globally for all ingress paths, and it can be overruled by the individual ingress
// rules using the zalando.org/skipper-ingress-path-mode annotation. When path mode is not
// set, the Kubernetes ingress specification is used, accepting regular expressions with a
// mandatory leading "/", automatically prepended by the "^" control character.
//
// When PathPrefix is used, the path matching becomes deterministic when
// a request could match more than one ingress routes otherwise.
type PathMode int

const (
	// KubernetesIngressMode is the default path mode. Expects regular expressions
	// with a mandatory leading "/". The expressions are automatically prepended by
	// the "^" control character.
	KubernetesIngressMode PathMode = iota

	// PathRegexp is like KubernetesIngressMode but is not prepended by the "^"
	// control character.
	PathRegexp

	// PathPrefix is like the PathSubtree predicate. E.g. "/foo/bar" will match
	// "/foo/bar" or "/foo/bar/baz", but won't match "/foo/barooz".
	//
	// In this mode, when a Path or a PathSubtree predicate is set in an annotation,
	// the value from the annotation has precedence over the standard ingress path.
	PathPrefix
)

const (
	kubernetesIngressModeString = "kubernetes-ingress"
	pathRegexpString            = "path-regexp"
	pathPrefixString            = "path-prefix"
)

const maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024 // 1MB

var internalIPs = []interface{}{
	"10.0.0.0/8",
	"192.168.0.0/16",
	"172.16.0.0/12",
	"127.0.0.1/8",
	"fd00::/8",
	"::1/128",
}

// Options is used to initialize the Kubernetes DataClient.
type Options struct {
	// KubernetesInCluster defines if skipper is deployed and running in the kubernetes cluster
	// this would make authentication with API server happen through the service account, rather than
	// running along side kubectl proxy
	KubernetesInCluster bool

	// KubernetesURL is used as the base URL for Kubernetes API requests. Defaults to http://localhost:8001.
	// (TBD: support in-cluster operation by taking the address and certificate from the standard Kubernetes
	// environment variables.)
	KubernetesURL string

	// KubernetesNamespace is used to switch between finding ingresses in the cluster-scope or limit
	// the ingresses to only those in the specified namespace. Defaults to "" which means monitor ingresses
	// in the cluster-scope.
	KubernetesNamespace string

	// *DEPRECATED* KubernetesEnableEastWest if set adds automatically routes
	// with "%s.%s.skipper.cluster.local" domain pattern
	KubernetesEnableEastWest bool

	// ProvideHealthcheck, when set, tells the data client to append a healthcheck route to the ingress
	// routes in case of successfully receiving the ingress items from the API (even if individual ingress
	// items may be invalid), or a failing healthcheck route when the API communication fails. The
	// healthcheck endpoint can be accessed from internal IPs on any hostname, with the path
	// /kube-system/healthz.
	//
	// When used in a custom configuration, the current filter registry needs to include the status()
	// filter, and the available predicates need to include the Source() predicate.
	ProvideHealthcheck bool

	// ProvideHTTPSRedirect, when set, tells the data client to append an HTTPS redirect route to the
	// ingress routes. This route will detect the X-Forwarded-Proto=http and respond with a 301 message
	// to the HTTPS equivalent of the same request (using the redirectTo(301, "https:") filter). The
	// X-Forwarded-Proto and X-Forwarded-Port is expected to be set by the load balancer.
	//
	// (See also https://github.com/zalando-incubator/kube-ingress-aws-controller as part of the
	// https://github.com/zalando-incubator/kubernetes-on-aws project.)
	ProvideHTTPSRedirect bool

	// HTTPSRedirectCode, when set defines which redirect code to use for redirecting from HTTP to HTTPS.
	// By default, 308 StatusPermanentRedirect is used.
	HTTPSRedirectCode int

	// IngressClass is a regular expression to filter only those ingresses that match. If an ingress does
	// not have a class annotation or the annotation is an empty string, skipper will load it. The default
	// value for the ingress class is 'skipper'.
	//
	// For further information see:
	//		https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/tree/master/examples/multiple-ingress-controllers
	IngressClass string

	// RouteGroupClass is a regular expression to filter only those RouteGroups that match. If a RouteGroup
	// does not have the required annotation (zalando.org/routegroup.class) or the annotation is an empty string,
	// skipper will load it. The default value for the RouteGroup class is 'skipper'.
	RouteGroupClass string

	// IngressLabelSelectors is a map of kubernetes labels to their values that must be present on a resource to be loaded
	// by the client. A label and its value on an Ingress must be match exactly to be loaded by Skipper.
	// If the value is irrelevant for a given configuration, it can be left empty. The default
	// value is no labels required.
	// Examples:
	//  Config [] will load all Ingresses.
	// 	Config ["skipper-enabled": ""] will load only Ingresses with a label "skipper-enabled", no matter the value.
	// 	Config ["skipper-enabled": "true"] will load only Ingresses with a label "skipper-enabled: true"
	// 	Config ["skipper-enabled": "", "foo": "bar"] will load only Ingresses with both labels while label "foo" must have a value "bar".
	IngressLabelSelectors map[string]string

	// ServicesLabelSelectors is a map of kubernetes labels to their values that must be present on a resource to be loaded
	// by the client. Read documentation for IngressLabelSelectors for examples and more details.
	// The default value is no labels required.
	ServicesLabelSelectors map[string]string

	// EndpointsLabelSelectors is a map of kubernetes labels to their values that must be present on a resource to be loaded
	// by the client. Read documentation for IngressLabelSelectors for examples and more details.
	// The default value is no labels required.
	EndpointsLabelSelectors map[string]string

	// SecretsLabelSelectors is a map of kubernetes labels to their values that must be present on a resource to be loaded
	// by the client. Read documentation for IngressLabelSelectors for examples and more details.
	// The default value is no labels required.
	SecretsLabelSelectors map[string]string

	// RouteGroupsLabelSelectors is a map of kubernetes labels to their values that must be present on a resource to be loaded
	// by the client. Read documentation for IngressLabelSelectors for examples and more details.
	// The default value is no labels required.
	RouteGroupsLabelSelectors map[string]string

	// ReverseSourcePredicate set to true will do the Source IP
	// whitelisting for the heartbeat endpoint correctly in AWS.
	// Amazon's ALB writes the client IP to the last item of the
	// string list of the X-Forwarded-For header, in this case you
	// want to set this to true.
	ReverseSourcePredicate bool

	// Noop, WIP.
	ForceFullUpdatePeriod time.Duration

	// WhitelistedHealthcheckCIDR to be appended to the default iprange
	WhitelistedHealthCheckCIDR []string

	// PathMode controls the default interpretation of ingress paths in cases when the ingress doesn't
	// specify it with an annotation.
	PathMode PathMode

	// *DEPRECATED *KubernetesEastWestDomain sets the DNS domain to be
	// used for east west traffic, defaults to "skipper.cluster.local"
	KubernetesEastWestDomain string

	// KubernetesEastWestRangeDomains set the the cluster internal domains for
	// east west traffic. Identified routes to such domains will include
	// the KubernetesEastWestRangePredicates.
	KubernetesEastWestRangeDomains []string

	// KubernetesEastWestRangePredicates set the Predicates that will be
	// appended to routes identified as to KubernetesEastWestRangeDomains.
	KubernetesEastWestRangePredicates []*eskip.Predicate

	// DefaultFiltersDir enables default filters mechanism and sets the location of the default filters.
	// The provided filters are then applied to all routes.
	DefaultFiltersDir string

	// OriginMarker is *deprecated* and not used anymore. It will be deleted in v1.
	OriginMarker bool

	// If the OpenTracing tag containing RouteGroup backend name
	// (using tracingTag filter) should be added to all routes
	BackendNameTracingTag bool

	// OnlyAllowedExternalNames will enable validation of ingress external names and route groups network
	// backend addresses, explicit LB endpoints validation against the list of patterns in
	// AllowedExternalNames.
	OnlyAllowedExternalNames bool

	// AllowedExternalNames contains regexp patterns of those domain names that are allowed to be
	// used with external name services (type=ExternalName).
	AllowedExternalNames []*regexp.Regexp

	CertificateRegistry *certregistry.CertRegistry

	// ForceKubernetesService overrides the default Skipper functionality to route traffic using
	// Kubernetes Endpoint, instead using Kubernetes Services.
	ForceKubernetesService bool

	// BackendTrafficAlgorithm specifies the algorithm to calculate the backend traffic.
	BackendTrafficAlgorithm BackendTrafficAlgorithm

	// DefaultLoadBalancerAlgorithm sets the default algorithm to be used for load balancing between backend endpoints,
	// available options: roundRobin, consistentHash, random, powerOfRandomNChoices
	DefaultLoadBalancerAlgorithm string
}

// Client is a Skipper DataClient implementation used to create routes based on Kubernetes Ingress settings.
type Client struct {
	mu                     sync.Mutex
	ClusterClient          *clusterClient
	ingress                *ingress
	routeGroups            *routeGroups
	provideHealthcheck     bool
	provideHTTPSRedirect   bool
	reverseSourcePredicate bool
	httpsRedirectCode      int
	current                map[string]*eskip.Route
	quit                   chan struct{}
	defaultFiltersDir      string
	state                  *clusterState
	lastUpdate             time.Time
	loggingInterval        time.Duration
}

// New creates and initializes a Kubernetes DataClient.
func New(o Options) (*Client, error) {
	if o.OriginMarker {
		log.Warning("OriginMarker is deprecated")
	}
	quit := make(chan struct{})

	apiURL, err := buildAPIURL(o)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ingCls := defaultIngressClass
	if o.IngressClass != "" {
		ingCls = o.IngressClass
	}

	rgCls := defaultRouteGroupClass
	if o.RouteGroupClass != "" {
		rgCls = o.RouteGroupClass
	}

	log.Debugf(
		"running in-cluster: %t. api server url: %s. provide health check: %t. ingress.class filter: %s. routegroup.class filter: %s. namespace: %s",
		o.KubernetesInCluster, apiURL, o.ProvideHealthcheck, ingCls, rgCls, o.KubernetesNamespace,
	)

	if len(o.WhitelistedHealthCheckCIDR) > 0 {
		whitelistCIDRS := make([]interface{}, len(o.WhitelistedHealthCheckCIDR))
		for i, v := range o.WhitelistedHealthCheckCIDR {
			whitelistCIDRS[i] = v
		}
		internalIPs = append(internalIPs, whitelistCIDRS...)
		log.Debugf("new internal ips are: %s", internalIPs)
	}

	if o.HTTPSRedirectCode <= 0 {
		o.HTTPSRedirectCode = http.StatusPermanentRedirect
	}

	if o.KubernetesEnableEastWest {
		if o.KubernetesEastWestDomain == "" {
			o.KubernetesEastWestDomain = defaultEastWestDomain
		} else {
			o.KubernetesEastWestDomain = strings.Trim(o.KubernetesEastWestDomain, ".")
		}
	}

	clusterClient, err := newClusterClient(o, apiURL, ingCls, rgCls, quit)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if !o.OnlyAllowedExternalNames {
		o.AllowedExternalNames = []*regexp.Regexp{regexp.MustCompile(".*")}
	}

	if algo, err := loadbalancer.AlgorithmFromString(o.DefaultLoadBalancerAlgorithm); err != nil || algo == loadbalancer.None {
		o.DefaultLoadBalancerAlgorithm = DefaultLoadBalancerAlgorithm
	}

	ing := newIngress(o)
	rg := newRouteGroups(o)

	return &Client{
		ClusterClient:          clusterClient,
		ingress:                ing,
		routeGroups:            rg,
		provideHealthcheck:     o.ProvideHealthcheck,
		provideHTTPSRedirect:   o.ProvideHTTPSRedirect,
		httpsRedirectCode:      o.HTTPSRedirectCode,
		current:                make(map[string]*eskip.Route),
		reverseSourcePredicate: o.ReverseSourcePredicate,
		quit:                   quit,
		defaultFiltersDir:      o.DefaultFiltersDir,
		loggingInterval:        1 * time.Minute,
	}, nil
}

func buildAPIURL(o Options) (string, error) {
	if !o.KubernetesInCluster {
		if o.KubernetesURL == "" {
			return defaultKubernetesURL, nil
		}
		return o.KubernetesURL, nil
	}

	host, port := os.Getenv(serviceHostEnvVar), os.Getenv(servicePortEnvVar)
	if host == "" || port == "" {
		return "", errAPIServerURLNotFound
	}

	return "https://" + net.JoinHostPort(host, port), nil
}

// String returns the string representation of the path mode, the same
// values that are used in the path mode annotation.
func (m PathMode) String() string {
	switch m {
	case PathRegexp:
		return pathRegexpString
	case PathPrefix:
		return pathPrefixString
	default:
		return kubernetesIngressModeString
	}
}

// ParsePathMode parses the string representations of the different
// path modes.
func ParsePathMode(s string) (PathMode, error) {
	switch s {
	case kubernetesIngressModeString:
		return KubernetesIngressMode, nil
	case pathRegexpString:
		return PathRegexp, nil
	case pathPrefixString:
		return PathPrefix, nil
	default:
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid path mode string: %s", s)
	}
}

func mapRoutes(r []*eskip.Route) (map[string]*eskip.Route, []*eskip.Route) {
	var uniqueRoutes []*eskip.Route
	m := make(map[string]*eskip.Route)
	for _, ri := range r {
		if existingRoute, ok := m[ri.Id]; ok {
			if eskip.Eq(existingRoute, ri) {
				log.Warnf("Duplicate routeID found: %s", ri.Id)
			} else {
				log.Errorf("Failed to map route, duplicate ID with different body found, existing routeID: %s, existing route body: %s, new route body: %s", ri.Id, existingRoute.String(), ri.String())
			}
		} else {
			m[ri.Id] = ri
			uniqueRoutes = append(uniqueRoutes, ri)
		}
	}

	return m, uniqueRoutes
}

func (c *Client) loadAndConvert() ([]*eskip.Route, error) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	state, err := c.ClusterClient.fetchClusterState()
	if err != nil {
		c.mu.Unlock()
		return nil, err
	}
	c.state = state
	previousUpdate := c.lastUpdate
	c.lastUpdate = time.Now()
	c.mu.Unlock()

	enableLogging := log.GetLevel() >= log.DebugLevel || time.Since(previousUpdate) >= c.loggingInterval

	defaultFilters := c.fetchDefaultFilterConfigs()

	ri, err := c.ingress.convert(state, defaultFilters, c.ClusterClient.certificateRegistry, enableLogging)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	rg, err := c.routeGroups.convert(state, defaultFilters, enableLogging)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	r := append(ri, rg...)

	if c.provideHealthcheck {
		r = append(r, healthcheckRoutes(c.reverseSourcePredicate)...)
	}

	if c.provideHTTPSRedirect {
		r = append(r, globalRedirectRoute(c.httpsRedirectCode))
	}

	return r, nil
}

func shuntRoute(r *eskip.Route) {
	r.Filters = []*eskip.Filter{
		{
			Name: filters.StatusName,
			Args: []interface{}{502.0},
		},
		{
			Name: filters.InlineContentName,
			Args: []interface{}{"no endpoints"},
		},
	}
	r.BackendType = eskip.ShuntBackend
	r.Backend = ""
}

func healthcheckRoutes(reverseSourcePredicate bool) []*eskip.Route {
	template := template.Must(template.New("healthcheck").Parse(`
		kube__healthz_up:   Path("/kube-system/healthz") && {{.Source}}({{.SourceCIDRs}}) -> {{.DisableAccessLog}} status(200) -> <shunt>;
		kube__healthz_down: Path("/kube-system/healthz") && {{.Source}}({{.SourceCIDRs}}) && Shutdown() -> status(503) -> <shunt>;
	`))

	params := struct {
		Source           string
		SourceCIDRs      string
		DisableAccessLog string
	}{}

	if reverseSourcePredicate {
		params.Source = "SourceFromLast"
	} else {
		params.Source = "Source"
	}

	if !log.IsLevelEnabled(log.DebugLevel) {
		params.DisableAccessLog = "disableAccessLog(200) ->"
	}

	cidrs := new(strings.Builder)
	for i, ip := range internalIPs {
		if i > 0 {
			cidrs.WriteString(", ")
		}
		cidrs.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%q", ip))
	}
	params.SourceCIDRs = cidrs.String()

	out := new(strings.Builder)
	_ = template.Execute(out, params)
	routes, _ := eskip.Parse(out.String())

	return routes
}

func (c *Client) LoadAll() ([]*eskip.Route, error) {
	log.Debug("loading all")
	r, err := c.loadAndConvert()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load cluster state: %w", err)
	}

	c.current, r = mapRoutes(r)

	log.Debugf("all routes loaded and mapped")

	return r, nil
}

// LoadUpdate returns all known eskip.Route, a list of route IDs
// scheduled for delete and an error.
//
// TODO: implement a force reset after some time.
func (c *Client) LoadUpdate() ([]*eskip.Route, []string, error) {
	log.Debugf("polling for updates")
	r, err := c.loadAndConvert()
	if err != nil {
		log.Errorf("polling for updates failed: %v", err)
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	next, _ := mapRoutes(r)
	log.Debugf("next version of routes loaded and mapped")

	var (
		updatedRoutes []*eskip.Route
		deletedIDs    []string
	)

	for id := range c.current {
		// TODO: use eskip.Eq()
		if r, ok := next[id]; ok && r.String() != c.current[id].String() {
			updatedRoutes = append(updatedRoutes, r)
		} else if !ok {
			deletedIDs = append(deletedIDs, id)
		}
	}

	for id, r := range next {
		if _, ok := c.current[id]; !ok {
			updatedRoutes = append(updatedRoutes, r)
		}
	}

	if len(updatedRoutes) > 0 || len(deletedIDs) > 0 {
		log.Infof("diff taken, inserts/updates: %d, deletes: %d", len(updatedRoutes), len(deletedIDs))
	}

	c.current = next
	return updatedRoutes, deletedIDs, nil
}

func (c *Client) Close() {
	if c != nil && c.quit != nil {
		close(c.quit)
	}
}

func (c *Client) fetchDefaultFilterConfigs() defaultFilters {
	if c.defaultFiltersDir == "" {
		log.Debug("default filters are disabled")
		return nil
	}

	filters, err := readDefaultFilters(c.defaultFiltersDir)
	if err != nil {
		log.WithError(err).Error("could not fetch default filter configurations")
		return nil
	}

	log.WithField("#configs", len(filters)).Debug("default filter configurations loaded")
	return filters
}

func (c *Client) GetEndpointAddresses(ns, name string) []string {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if c.state == nil {
		return nil
	}
	return c.state.GetEndpointsByName(ns, name, "TCP")
}

func compareStringList(a, b []string) []string {
	c := make([]string, 0)
	for i := len(a) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		for _, vD := range b {
			if a[i] == vD {
				c = append(c, vD)
				break
			}
		}
	}
	return c
}