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binenv

The last binary you'll ever install.

What

binenv will help you download, install and manage the binaries programs (we call them "distributions") you need in you everyday DevOps life (e.g. kubectl, helm, ...).

Think of it as a tfenv + tgenv + helmenv + ...

Now you can install your favorite utility just by typing binenv install something.

Quick start

See System-wide installation for system-wide installations (a.k.a. global mode).

Linux (bash/zsh)

wget -q https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/binenv_linux_amd64
wget -q https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/checksums.txt
sha256sum  --check --ignore-missing checksums.txt
mv binenv_linux_amd64 binenv
chmod +x binenv
./binenv update
./binenv install binenv
rm binenv
if [[ -n $BASH ]]; then ZESHELL=bash; fi
if [[ -n $ZSH_NAME ]]; then ZESHELL=zsh; fi
echo $ZESHELL
echo -e '\nexport PATH=~/.binenv:$PATH' >> ~/.${ZESHELL}rc
echo "source <(binenv completion ${ZESHELL})" >> ~/.${ZESHELL}rc
exec $SHELL

MacOS (with bash)

wget -q https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/binenv_darwin_amd64
wget -q https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/checksums.txt
sha256sum  --check --ignore-missing checksums.txt
mv binenv_darwin_amd64 binenv
chmod +x binenv
./binenv update
./binenv install binenv
rm binenv
echo -e '\nexport PATH=~/.binenv:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'source <(binenv completion bash)' >> ~/.bashrc
exec $SHELL

Windows

binenv does not support windows.

FreeBSD (bash/zsh)

fetch https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/binenv_freebsd_amd64
fetch https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/checksums.txt
shasum --ignore-missing -a 512 -c checksums.txt
mv binenv_freebsd_amd64 binenv
chmod +x binenv
./binenv update
./binenv install binenv
rm binenv
if [[ -n $BASH ]]; then ZESHELL=bash; fi
if [[ -n $ZSH_NAME ]]; then ZESHELL=zsh; fi
echo $ZESHELL
echo -e '\nexport PATH=~/.binenv:$PATH' >> ~/.${ZESHELL}rc
echo "source <(binenv completion ${ZESHELL})" >> ~/.${ZESHELL}rc
exec $SHELL

If you are using a different shell, skip adding completion to your .${SHELL}rc file.

To be able to verify checksums, you have to install the p5-Digest-SHA package.

OpenBSD (bash/zsh)

ftp https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/binenv_openbsd_amd64
ftp https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/checksums.txt
cksum -a sha256 -C checksums.txt binenv_openbsd_amd64
mv binenv_openbsd_amd64 binenv
chmod +x binenv
./binenv update
./binenv install binenv
rm binenv
if [[ -n $BASH ]]; then ZESHELL=bash; fi
if [[ -n $ZSH_NAME ]]; then ZESHELL=zsh; fi
echo $ZESHELL
echo -e '\nexport PATH=~/.binenv:$PATH' >> ~/.${ZESHELL}rc
echo "source <(binenv completion ${ZESHELL})" >> ~/.${ZESHELL}rc
exec $SHELL

If you are using a different shell, skip adding completion to your .${SHELL}rc file.

Install

User install

wget -q https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases/download/v0.19.0/binenv_<OS>_<ARCH>
  • rename it
mv binaryname binenv
  • make it executable
chmod +x binenv
  • execute an update
./binenv update
  • now install binenv with binenv (so meta)
./binenv install binenv <version>
  • you can now remove the downloaded file
rm binenv
  • prepend ~/.binenv to your path in your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc or ...
export PATH=~/.binenv:$PATH
  • while you're at it, install the completion (replace bash with your shell)
source <(binenv completion bash)
  • "restart" your shell
exec $SHELL

See a walkthough on asciinema.org: asciicast

Updating binenv

Just run binenv install binenv

This is the whole point.

Supported "distributions"

For the whole list of supported binaries (a.k.a. distributions), see DISTRIBUTIONS.md.

The always up-to-date list is here.

The list can be generated as markdown using make distributions.

Open an issue (or send a PR) if you need one that is not in the list.

Usage

Updating available distributions versions

In order to update the list of installable version for distributions, you need to update the version list (usually located in $XDG_CONFIG/cache.json or ~/.config/binenv/cache.json).

This is done automatically when invoking binenv update.

Without arguments, it will fetch the cache from this repo. This cache is generated automatically daily.

Using the -f argument, binenv will retrieve available versions for all distributions (watch out for Github API rate limits, but see below).

With a distribution passed as an argument (e.g. binenv update kubectl), it will only update installable versions for kubectl.

When updating the cache, you can control fetch concurrency using the -c flag. It defaults to 8 which is already pretty high. Do go crazy. This setting is mainly used to set a lower concurrency and be nice to GitHub.

Note that Github enforces rate limits (e.g. 60 unauthenticated API requests per hours). So you should update all distributions (e.g. binenv update -f) with caution. binenv will stop updating distributions when you only have 4 unauthenticated API requests left.

GitHub tokens are also supported to avoid being rate-limited and fetch releases from their respective sources.

Updating versions using a token

To avoid being rate limited, you can also use a personal access token.

To use the token, just export it in the GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable:

export GITHUB_TOKEN=aaa...bbb

Update available distributions

Distributions are maintained in this file.

To benefit from new additions, you need to update the distribution list from time to time.

This list is usually located in your home directory under $XDG_CONFIG/distributions.yaml (often ~/.config/binenv/distribution.yaml).

To update only distributions:

binenv update --distributions # or -d

To update distributions and their versions:

binenv update --all # or -a

Examples

  • binenv update: update available versions for all distributions from github cache
  • binenv update -f: update available versions for all distributions from all releases
  • binenv update -d: update available distributions
  • binenv update kubectl helm: update available versions for kubectl and helm

Searching distributions

The search command lets you search a distribution by name or description:

$ binenv search kube
binenv: One binary to rule them all. Manage all those pesky binaries (kubectl, helm, terraform, ...) easily.
helm: The Kubernetes Package Manager
helmfile: Deploy Kubernetes Helm Charts
k9s: Kubernetes CLI To Manage Your Clusters In Style!
ketall: Like `kubectl get all`, but get really all resources
... (lots of things with "kube" in it)

Installing new versions

After updating the list, you might want to install a shiny new version. No problem,binenv install has you covered.

If you want the latest non-prerelease version for something, just run:

binenv install something

If you want a specific version:

binenv install something 1.2.3

Note that completion works, so don't be afraid to use it.

You can also install several distribution versions at the same time:

binenv install something 1.2.3 somethingelse 4.5.6

Using the --dry-run flag (a.k.a -n) will show what would be installed.

Examples

  • binenv install kubectl: install latest non-prerelease kubectl version
  • binenv install kubectl 1.18.8: install kubectl version 1.18.8
  • binenv install kubectl 1.18.8 helm 3.3.0: install kubectl version 1.18.8 and helm 3.3.0

Listing versions

You can list available, installed and activated distribution versions using binenv versions.

When invoked without arguments, all version of all distributions will be printed.

With distributions as arguments, only versions for those distributions will be printed.

In the output, versions printed in reverse mode are the currently selected (a.k.a. active) versions (see Selecting versions below.

Versions in bold are installed.

All other versions are available to be installed.

Examples

$ binenv versions
terraform: 0.13.1 (/home/you/some/dir) 0.13.0 0.13.0-rc1 0.13.0-beta3 0.13.0-beta2 0.13.0-beta1 0.12.29 0.12.28 0.12.27 0.12.26 0.12.25 0.12.24 0.12.23 0.12.22 0.12.21 0.12.20 0.12.19 0.12.18 0.12.17 0.12.16 0.12.15 0.12.14 0.12.13 0.12.12 0.12.11 0.12.10 0.12.9 0.12.8 0.12.7 0.12.6
terragrunt: 0.23.38 0.23.37 0.23.36 0.23.35 0.23.34 0.23.33 0.23.32 0.23.31 0.23.30 0.23.29 0.23.28 0.23.27 0.23.26 0.23.25 0.23.24 0.23.23 0.23.22 0.23.21 0.23.20 0.23.19 0.23.18 0.23.17 0.23.16 0.23.15 0.23.14 0.23.13 0.23.12 0.23.11 0.23.10 0.23.9
toji: 0.2.4 (default) 0.2.2
vault: 1.5.3 1.5.2 1.5.1 1.5.0 1.5.0-rc 1.4.6 1.4.5 1.4.4 1.4.3 1.4.2 1.4.1 1.4.0 1.4.0-rc1 1.4.0-beta1 1.3.10 1.3.9 1.3.8 1.3.7 1.3.6 1.3.5 1.3.4 1.3.3 1.3.2 1.3.1 1.3.0 1.3.0-beta1 1.2.7 1.2.6 1.2.5 1.2.4
...

(the output above does not show bold or reverse terminal output)

Freezing versions

When the versions command is invoked with the --freeze option, it will write a .binenv.lock style file on stdout.

This way you can "lock" the dependencies for your project just by issuing:

cd myproject
binenv versions --freeze > .binenv.lock

You can the commit this file to your project so everyone will use the same distributions versions when in this repository. See Selecting Versions for more information on this file.

Note that currently selected versions for all distributions will be outputted. You might want to trim stuff you do not use from the file.

Uninstalling versions

If you need to clean up a bit, you can uninstall a specific version, or all versions for a distribution. In the latter case, a confirmation will be asked.

The command accepts:

  • a single argument (remove all versions for distributions)
  • an even count of arguments (distribution / version pairs)

Examples

  • binenv uninstall kubectl 1.18.8 helm 3.3.0: uninstall kubectl version 1.18.8 and helm 3.3.0
  • binenv uninstall kubectl 1.18.8 kubectl 1.16.15: uninstall kubectl versions 1.18.8 and 1.16.15
  • binenv uninstall kubectl: removes all kubectl versions

Completion

Install completion for your shell. See binenv help completion for in-depth info.

Expanding binary absolute path

To get the absolute path of the binary installed by a distribution you need to invoke the command expand.

This can be useful when you need to use binenv in conjunction with other tools like sudo.

Example

$ binenv install yq
2022-02-16T14:24:56-03:00 WRN version for "yq" not specified; using "4.18.1"
fetching yq version 4.18.1 100% |████████████████████████████| (9.1/9.1 MB, 4.858 MB/s)        
2022-02-16T14:24:59-03:00 INF "yq" (4.18.1) installed
$ binenv expand yq
/Users/local-user/.binenv/binaries/yq/4.18.1
$ sudo $(binenv expand yq) --version
yq (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) version 4.18.1

Upgrading all installed distributions

To upgrade all installed distributions to the last known version invoke the command upgrade

This command will always select the last version available and will ignore any version selection previously made by the user.

Selecting versions

To specify which version to use, you have to create a .binenv.lock file in the directory. Note that only semver is supported.

This file has the following structure:

<distributionA><constraintA>
<distributionB><constraintB>
...

For instance:

kubectl=1.18.8
terraform>0.12
terragrunt~>0.23.0

You can then commit the file in your project to ensure everyone in your team is on the same page.

The constraint operators are:

  • =: version must match exactly
  • !=: version must not match
  • >: version must be strictly higher
  • <: version must be strictly lower
  • >=: version must be at least
  • <=: version must be at most
  • ~>: version must be at least this one in the same but match the same minor versions

Version selection process

When you execute a distribution (e.g. you run kubectl), binenv runs it under the hood. Before running it, it will check which version it should use. For this, it will check for a .binenv.lock file in the current directory.

If none is found, it will check in the parent folder. No lock file ? Check in parent folder again. this process continues until binenv reaches your home directory.

If no version requirements are found at this point, binenv will use the last non-prerelease version installed.

Install versions form .binenv.lock

Install versions specified in .binenv.lock file, you can use the --lock (a.k.a. -l) flag.

Example

$ cat .binenv.lock
terraform>0.13.0
helmfile<0.125.0
hadolint<1.17.0
$ binenv install -l
2020-08-29T11:39:18+02:00 WRN installing "terraform" (0.13.1) to satisfy constraint "terraform>0.13.0"
fetching terraform version 0.13.1 100% |█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| (33/33 MB, 3.274 MB/s) [10s:0s]
2020-08-29T11:39:29+02:00 WRN installing "helmfile" (0.124.0) to satisfy constraint "helmfile<0.125.0"
fetching helmfile version 0.124.0 100% |█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| (45/45 MB, 1.404 MB/s) [31s:0s]
2020-08-29T11:40:02+02:00 WRN installing "hadolint" (1.16.3) to satisfy constraint "hadolint<1.17.0"
fetching hadolint version 1.16.3 100% |███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| (3.5/3.5 MB, 431.886 kB/s) [8s:0s]
$

Selecting versions using environment variables

Introduced in v0.17.0

In addition to using the .binenv.lock file, it is possible to define the distribution version using an environment variable of the form BINENV_<DISTRIBUTION>_VERSION=<CONSTRAINT>.

When an environment variable with this name exists, binenv will use the = operator to look for an exact match for that constraint and will ignore the contents of the .binenv.lock file if it exists.

Example

$ cat .binenv.lock
helm=3.7.2

$ helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.7.2", GitCommit:"663a896f4a815053445eec4153677ddc24a0a361", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.16.10"}

$ BINENV_HELM_VERSION=3.6.3 helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.6.3", GitCommit:"d506314abfb5d21419df8c7e7e68012379db2354", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.16.5"}

Environment variables

Two other environment variables exist:

  • BINENV_GLOBAL: forces binenv to run un global mode (same as -g); see SYSTEM.md for more information on this mode.
  • BINENV_VERBOSE: same as -v

Removing binenv stuff

binenv stores

  • downloaded binaries by default in ~/.binenv/binaries
  • the versions cache in ~/.cache/binenv/ (or wherever your XDG_CACHE_HOME variable points to)
  • the list of known distributions in ~/.config/binenv/ (or wherever your XDG_CONFIG_HOME variable points to).

To wipe everything clean:

rm -rfi ~/.binenv ~/.config/binenv ~/.cache/binenv

Don't forget to remove the PATH and the completion you might have changed in your shell rc file.

Status

This is really super alpha and has only be tested on Linux & MacOS. YMMV on other platforms.

There are no tests. I will probably go to hell for this.

FAQ

I installed a binary but is still see the system (or wrong) version

Try to rehash your binaries (hash -r in bash or rehash in Zsh).

After installing a distribution, I get a "shim: no such file or directory"

If you see something like:

2020-11-10T09:01:20+01:00 ERR unable to install "kubectl" (1.19.3) error="unable to find shim file: stat /Users/foo/.binenv/shim: no such file or directory"

you probably did not follow the installation instructions.

Running ./binenv update binenv && ./binenv install binenv should correct the problem.

It does not work with sudo !

Yes, for not we'restuckon this one. You still can reference thereal binary directly:

sudo ~/.binenv/binaries/termshark/2.2.0

I don't like binenv, are there alternatives ?

Sorry to hear that. Don't hesitate opening an issue or sending a PR is something does not fit your use case

A nice alternative exists:

Distributions file format

distributions.yaml contains all the distributions supported by binenv, and how to fetch them. It is written in YAML and is defined by the scheme below.

Distributions file reference

sources:

  # Name of the distribution
  <string>:

    # Description provided by the binary author(s).
    description: <string>

    # Post install message shown after successful installation
    # Use `post_install_message: |` for multi-line messages
    post_install_message: <string>

    # map creates aliases between architectures known by binenv and those
    # expected by the original author(s).
    # Check `bat` distribution for a more meaningful example.
    [map: <map_config>]

    # list contains the kind of releases and where to fetch their
    # history.
    list:

      # Type of the releases.
      # One of "static", "github-releases", "gitlab-releases"
      type: <string>

      # Where to fetch the releases.
      # I.e. https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/releases
      url: <string>

    # fetch holds the URL from where the binaries can be downloaded.
    fetch:

      # Templatised URL to the binary. Values to templatise can be:
      # Host architecture with {{ .Arch }}, operating system with {{ .OS }},
      # version with {{ .Version }}, sometimes .exe with {{ .ExeExtension}}.
      url: <string>

    # Defines how to install the binary.
    install:

      # Type of installation. Can be :
      # "direct" if after download the binary is executable as is; 
      # "tgz" if it needs to be uncompressed using tar and gzip;
      # "zip" if it needs to be unzipped;
      # "tarx" if it needs to be uncompressed with tar;
      type: <string>

      # Name of the binar(y|ies) that will be downloaded
      [binaries: <binaries_config>]

    # Supported platforms
    [supported_platforms: <supported_platforms>]

map_config:

# Alias to amd64 arch
[amd64: <string>]

# Alias to i386 arch
[i386: <string>]

# Alias to darwin arch
[darwin: <string>]

# Alias to linux arch
[linux: <string>]

# Alias to windows arch
[windows: <string>]

binaries_config:

# Array of binaries names that will be installed.
# The string provided is treated as a regexp.
# This regexp is compared to the filenames found in packages.
# Note that filenames contains their path in the package with the top level
# directory removed, e.g.:
# software-13.0.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/foo/bar/zebinary
# becomes
# foo/bar/zebinary
# Also note that, since all binaries will be installed as the distribution
# entry name, only one (the latest match) will survive for now.
# The list is just here to allow alternate names, not real multiple binaries
# installation.
 - <regexp>

supported_platforms:

# Array of OS/Arch parirs
# See: https://pkg.go.dev/runtime#pkg-constants
- os: <string>
  arch: <string>

Distributions file example

sources:
  popeye:
    description: A Kubernetes cluster resource sanitizer
    map:
      amd64: x86_64
      darwin: Darwin
      linux: Linux
      windows: Windows
    list:
      type: github-releases
      url: https://api.github.com/repos/derailed/popeye/releases
    fetch:
      url: https://github.com/derailed/popeye/releases/download/v{{ .Version }/popeye_{{ .OS }}_{{ .Arch }}.tar.gz
    install:
      type: tgz
      binaries:
        - popeye
    supported_platforms:
      - os: linux
        arch: amd64
      - os: windows
        arch: amd64
      - os: darwin
        arch: amd64

The distributions.yaml file used by default by binenv is located here, don't hesitate to have a look on it's structure.

Caveats

Since binenv uses your PATH and HOME to find binaries and layout it's configuration files, using sudo with binenv-installed binaries is not very straightforward. You can either install binenv as the root user (so it can find it's config), or pass those two environment variables when invoking sudo, like so:

sudo env "PATH=$PATH" "HOME=$HOME" binary_installed_with_binenv ...

Contributions

Welcomed !

We will need other installation mechanisms (see https://github.com/devops-works/binenv/tree/master/internal/install).

Thanks to all contributors:

  • @angrox
  • @cleming
  • @deknos
  • @dundee
  • @eze-kiel
  • @gwenall
  • @jakubvokoun
  • @mpepping
  • @patsevanton
  • @pichouk
  • @pklejch
  • @semoac
  • @shr-project

Licence

MIT

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One binary to rule them all. Manage all those pesky binaries (kubectl, helm, terraform, ...) easily.

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