Probably the most common escaping happens in the HTML Body context. There are very few characters with special meaning in this context, yet it is quite common to escape data incorrectly, namely by setting the wrong flags and character encoding.
For escaping data in the HTML Body context, use Zend\Escaper\Escaper's escapeHtml method. Internally it uses PHP's htmlspecialchars, and additionally correctly sets the flags and encoding.
// outputting this without escaping would be a bad idea!
$input = '<script>alert("zf2")</script>';
$escaper = new Zend\Escaper\Escaper('utf-8');
// somewhere in an HTML template
<div class="user-provided-input">
<?php
echo $escaper->escapeHtml($input); // all safe!
?>
</div>One thing a developer needs to pay special attention too, is that the encoding in which the document is served to the client, as it must be the same as the encoding used for escaping!
An example of incorrect usage:
<?php
$input = '<script>alert("zf2")</script>';
$escaper = new Zend\Escaper\Escaper('utf-8');
?>
<?php header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1'); ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Encodings set incorrectly!</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
</head>
<body>
<?php
// Bad! The escaper's and the document's encodings are different!
echo $escaper->escapeHtml($input);
?>
</body>An example of correct usage:
<?php
$input = '<script>alert("zf2")</script>';
$escaper = new Zend\Escaper\Escaper('utf-8');
?>
<?php header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8'); ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Encodings set correctly!</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<?php
// Good! The escaper's and the document's encodings are same!
echo $escaper->escapeHtml($input);
?>
</body>