5 月 13 日，郭老师与我们进行了讲解。
- 系统调用
- ioctl
- procfs
- sysfs
- netlink
- 屏蔽中断：
local_irq_disable - 开中断：
local_irq_enable这两个好像不是函数，而是宏？这是否会给我们带来麻烦？ - 禁止底半部：
local_bh_disable - 使能底半部：
local_bh_enable通常与自旋锁联合使用；只能禁止本 CPU 的中断 - 自旋锁定义：
typedef struct spinlock {
union {
struct raw_spinlock rlock;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
# define LOCK_PADSIZE (offsetof(struct raw_spinlock, dep_map))
struct {
u8 __padding[LOCK_PADSIZE];
struct lockdep_map dep_map;
};
#endif
};
} spinlock_t;- 自旋锁初始化：
#define spin_lock_init(_lock) \
do { \
spinlock_check(_lock); \
raw_spin_lock_init(&(_lock)->rlock); \
} while (0)这里的 do ... while (0) 是为了防止宏展开后 if 分支内出现多语句而编译失败；传入的是指针。
- 获取自旋锁：
static __always_inline void spin_lock(spinlock_t *lock)
{
raw_spin_lock(&lock->rlock);
}static __always_inline int spin_trylock(spinlock_t *lock)
{
return raw_spin_trylock(&lock->rlock);
}spin_trylock 在锁被占用的情况下直接返回 0。
- 释放自旋锁：
static __always_inline void spin_unlock(spinlock_t *lock)
{
raw_spin_unlock(&lock->rlock);
}会后作出安排，叶景熙同学先着手研究 procfs 相关的要求，我则完成驱动调试环境的搭建。虽然我没花很多时间就实现了单步调试内核，但那毕竟只有内核本体，内核无法找到 init 程序会立即崩溃。对此，网上的解决方案有用 busybox 自制一个简单的 ram fs、自己制作 initramfs 等，但由于一开始高老师让我们在 QEMU 里编译，这样 make install 后自然还能继续跑 CentOS，再加上我以为这样能方便一点我们的调试，决定用自编译的内核引导启动 CentOS。殊不知，我把自己拖入了深深的泥淖中。
在继续前，确保您的机器运行的是 Intel CPU，没有使用 Xen 或 Hyper-V；这是因为 AMD、Xen、Hyper-V 相关的编译选项有大半被我关闭了。如果不满足，麻烦您看下一节。 为了不干扰项目，我将打好的 RPM 包单独放出，（访问码：6ix3）这是因为现有的 GitHub 等对过大的文件似乎缺乏良好的支持。
如果你调整过 QEMU 的启动选项，请调整回去（eg. 取消 <kernel>主机上编译内核中arch/arm/x86_64/boot/bzImage所在路径</kernel> 使得启动时加载发行版的内核），直至你能开启 QEMU 进入 CentOS 为止。
接下来把文件上传到虚拟机中。这可以用 Samba，不过我采用的是更加简陋的方法：直接挂载虚拟机镜像，这要求你对 Linux 文件系统有一定了解，如果你 QEMU 里配置好了 Samba 就大可不必了：
sudo modprobe nbd max_part=8 # "max_part=N" 选项指定我们想要通过 nbd 管理的分区的最大个数
sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 ~/.local/share/libvirt/images/你的虚拟机磁盘镜像.qcow2接下来我们要挂载 /home 所在的分区（当然理论上你挂载除了 swap 外的哪个都行，只要空间够），我们希望往这里面复制 RPM 包，如果没有单独给它分区的话就是 cl-root。用 sudo fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l 检查其分区表，如果要挂载的分区类型为 Linux LVM 的逻辑卷（这通常是除了 /boot 分区之外的），那么执行：sudo lvscan，如果输出信息告诉你，两个 VG 重名（Duplicate VG name），那么通过 vgdisplay 查看 lvm 的 VG UUID，执行 sudo vgrename 虚拟机磁盘VG的UUID 一个新名字（我感觉新名字最好不带-符号）来改名，这样就可以继续执行下面的步骤了。
如果 sudo lvscan 输出中有未被激活（INACTIVE）的，执行 sudo vgchange -ay 要激活的设备在/dev下的节点来激活。之后，
sudo mkdir /mnt/挂载点名称，例如 myqemu
sudo mount /dev/要挂载的磁盘设备 /mnt/挂载点此后用挂载点即可访问挂载的分区。我们把下载的 RPM 包中文件名不带 debuginfo 的全部复制进 /home 下某个你认为合适的文件夹中。复制完后，用：
sudo umount /mnt/挂载点卸载。
如果你在前面修改了 VG 名，由于虚拟机写死了这一值，改变 VG 名后虚拟机会找不到指定的磁盘分区而无法开机，因此需要我们同步地改变虚拟机的 GRUB 引导和分区表：
挂载 boot 分区（如果你不知道哪个是它，那么一般地，/boot 分得比 /root 小得多）；
修改 boot 分区 grub2 目录下的 grubenv 与 grub.cfg；修改 etc 所在分区下 default 目录下的 grub 文件和 etc 所在分区下的 fstab 文件，要求如下：
- 假设原来是 VG 名是 cl，改后的名是 vg_qemu，则把 cl-root，cl-swap 等都改成 vg_qemu-root，vg_qemu-swap；如果还有单独出现的 cl，也改成 vg_qemu。
修改完后，卸载 boot 分区。
当所有对虚拟机磁盘的修改工作都完成后，执行
vgchange -an /dev/要取消激活的节点（如果上面有用 LVM 的话）
sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0断开连接，之后启动虚拟机。
进入虚拟机后，终端进入你复制 RPM 包的路径，执行 sudo yum localinstall kernel*.rpm 安装（如果已经安装过同名的软件包，先卸载旧的），下次重启虚拟机后，开机时 GRUB 启动引导就会多出 qunchuwolao 的引导项，用方向键移动，按 Enter 启动，不出意外的话可以进入系统了。
成功进入系统还不够，为了能够使用 GDB 调试，主机也需要把 kernel-debuginfo-4.18.0... 与 kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64-4.18.0... 这两个 RPM 包安装。之后，编辑 ~/.gdbinit，添加 add-auto-load-safe-path 你放置的scripts/gdb/vmlinux-gdb.py。此后，重新打开终端命令行使之生效，执行 gdb 你放置的vmlinux 即可调试，但这次由于内核是装在虚拟机里面的，不要添加 <kernel> 了。（也可以用 attach 命令）
如果你的内核报出 CPU 有关的错误（host doesn't support requested feature: MSR(48**)），尝试改 CPU Passthrough。
参考这里，用 virsh edit 把 cpu mode 改成'host-passthrough'。
参考自这里，在 QEMU /etc/default/grub 中 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 里去掉 quiet，加入 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200，之后执行 sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg，重启后用 virsh console 虚拟机名 即可在本地终端上查看输出，方便调试。
这里，我把最终的步骤呈现出来，把探索的过程放在后面。事实上最重要的参考文章是CentOS wiki。
-
源代码准备：按照这里的记录准备好源代码。之后，配置编译选项。需要参考 kvm_guest.config 等，可自行上 Github 搜索借鉴在 QEMU 上跑内核所需的编译选项。接着复制配置文件到 rpmbuild/SOURCES 中，我为了方便，直接
cp .config configs/kernel-4.18.0-x86_64.config kernel-4.18.0-x86_64-debug.config。 -
升级 make：自己编译安装 GNU Make 4.3，（因为 4.2.1 有个 Bug）
-
接着修改 Makefile、Kconfig，但在修改前请用 git 记录一下，修改后用 git diff 生成 patch，并把 patch 放到 rpmbuild/SOURCES 文件夹中；
-
修改 rpmbuild/SPECS/kernel.spec：修改
# define buildid .local为%define buildid .你的名字，在Patch999999: linux-kernel-test.patch上面加入Patch40000: 你的patch文件名字.patch，在ApplyOptionalPatch linux-kernel-test.patch后面加入ApplyOptionalPatch 你的patch文件名字.patch。以后任何代码修改都用 patch 的形式。 -
编译：进入 ~/rpmbuild/SPECS，执行
rpmbuild -bb --target=`uname -m` --without debug --without kabichk --with baseonly kernel.spec 2> build-err.log | tee build-out.log需要注意的是，以上这条指令每次都会删除整个目录、解压缩源代码、从头编译，不仅会清空上次编译的中间文件，还会清空你对代码所做的修改。要想把修改保存下来，只能打成 patch 的形式。
如果报错 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:1054: undefined reference to 'do_vmm_communication'，可能需要把 CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT 打开。
安装 glibc-static，参考这里 使用 busybox：
wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.35.0.tar.bz2
tar -xvf busybox-1.32.1.tar.bz2
cd busybox-1.32.1/
make menuconfig
最后能进 busybox，但我想跑 CentOS。
Dracut 使用参考 openSUSE Wiki。
看这个 后执行dracut --force --fstab --early-microcode --kmoddir /lib/modules/${KERNEL_VERSION} --kver=${KERNEL_VERSION}，还是进不去。
这是某次尝试的输出，后来发现其实内核模块是和内核不对应的。
[ 1.849164] systemd[1]: Running in initial RAM disk.
Welcome to CentOS Linux 8 dracut-049-191.git20210920.el8 (Initramfs)!
[ 1.866408] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <localhost.localdomain>.
[ 1.884334] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0627, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 0.00
[ 1.889004] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=3, SerialNumber=10
[ 1.891738] usb 1-1: Product: QEMU USB Tablet
[ 1.893691] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: QEMU
[ 1.895162] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 42
[ 1.900484] input: QEMU QEMU USB Tablet as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.7/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/0003:0627:0001.0001/input/input4
[ 1.905428] hid-generic 0003:0627:0001.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v0.01 Mouse [QEMU QEMU USB Tablet] on usb-0000:00:05.7-1/input0
[ 1.930058] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.
[ OK ] Reached target Slices.
[ 1.935236] systemd[1]: Reached target Local File Systems.
[ OK ] Reached target Local File Systems.
[ 1.941827] systemd[1]: Reached target Timers.
[ OK ] Reached target Timers.
[ 1.947329] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[ 1.954093] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.
[ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket.
Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories...
Starting Journal Service...
Starting Setup Virtual Console...
[ OK ] Started Memstrack Anylazing Service.
Starting Create list of required st…ce nodes for the current kernel...
[ OK ] Listening on udev Control Socket.
[ OK ] Reached target Swap.
[ OK ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[ OK ] Reached target Sockets.
Starting Apply Kernel Variables...
[ OK ] Started Journal Service.
[ OK ] Started Create Volatile Files and Directories.
[ OK ] Started Create list of required sta…vice nodes for the current kernel.
[ OK ] Started Apply Kernel Variables.
Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...
[ OK ] Started Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.
[ 2.467088] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input3
[ OK ] Started Setup Virtual Console.
Starting dracut cmdline hook...
[ OK ] Started dracut cmdline hook.
Starting dracut pre-udev hook...
[ 2.631160] dm_mod: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.634331] dracut-pre-udev[406]: modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'dm_mod': Exec format error
[ 2.644248] dm_mod: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ OK ] Started dracut pre-udev hook.
Starting udev Kernel Device Manager...
[ OK ] Started udev Kernel Device Manager.
Starting udev Coldplug all Devices...
Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...
[ OK ] Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.
[ OK ] Started udev Coldplug all Devices.
Starting dracut initqueue hook...
[ OK [ 2.796387] virtio_console: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
] Reached target System Initialization.
[ 2.810782] serio_raw: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.810940] serio_raw: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
Starting Show Plymouth Boot Screen...[ 2.819930] virtio_scsi: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.823976] e1000: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.824447] crc32c_intel: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.824521] crc32c_intel: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.845338] crc32c_intel: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.850689] libata: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.858075] libata: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.865456] libata: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.866916] drm: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ 2.872494] crc32c_intel: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
[ OK ] Started Show Plymouth Boot Screen.
[ OK ] Reached target Paths.
[ OK ] Started Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch.
[ OK ] Reached target Basic System.
[ 132.695129] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 133.245994] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 133.783312] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 134.324503] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 134.862973] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 135.402772] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 135.941217] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 136.478489] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 137.016279] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 137.557078] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 138.095766] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 138.636748] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 139.175856] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 139.713505] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 140.251236] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 140.786674] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 141.328152] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 141.863842] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 142.402733] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 142.940472] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 143.478327] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 144.017670] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 144.556859] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 145.096057] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 145.634311] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 146.167534] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 146.703937] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 147.244802] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 147.781944] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 148.320361] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 148.858553] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 149.396918] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 149.929655] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 150.467537] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 150.997244] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 151.529141] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 152.065974] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 152.597371] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 153.128221] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 153.659858] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 154.191585] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 154.727088] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 155.258775] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 155.787760] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 156.321596] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 156.854160] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 157.387598] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 157.921762] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 158.454222] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 158.992096] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 159.533888] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 160.067846] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 160.615590] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 161.149453] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 161.684643] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 162.219237] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 162.759100] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 163.297007] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 163.834983] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 164.375511] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 164.912237] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 165.446602] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 165.983340] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 166.518725] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 167.056873] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 167.592541] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 168.139171] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 168.681791] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 169.216176] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 169.750415] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 170.289122] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 170.825519] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 171.363578] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 171.905669] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 172.440902] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 172.976881] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 173.511014] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 174.046507] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 174.578303] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 175.107678] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 175.643492] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 176.179449] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 176.719622] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 177.255204] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 177.788932] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 178.324111] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 178.859107] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 179.395495] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 179.937266] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 180.477663] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 181.014921] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 181.555335] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 182.097637] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 182.637469] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 183.177110] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 183.711741] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 184.248981] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 184.786378] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 185.327901] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 185.863572] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 186.405231] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 186.947654] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 187.486335] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 188.024612] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 188.567283] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 189.106285] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 189.645583] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 190.188443] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 190.729246] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 191.264069] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 191.800760] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 192.347342] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 192.887047] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 193.424334] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 193.960285] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 194.492594] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 195.026316] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 195.558742] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 196.094988] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 196.625423] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout - starting timeout scripts
[ 196.625513] dracut-initqueue[465]: Warning: Could not boot.
Starting Setup Virtual Console...
[ OK ] Started Setup Virtual Console.
Starting Dracut Emergency Shell...
Warning: /dev/sda does not exist
Generating "/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt"
[ 197.306728] dm_mod: disagrees about version of symbol module_layout
Entering emergency mode. Exit the shell to continue.
Type "journalctl" to view system logs.
You might want to save "/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt" to a USB stick or /boot
after mounting them and attach it to a bug report.
dracut:/# modprobe -f dm_mod
[ 215.859653] dm_mod: module_layout: kernel tainted.
[ 215.863050] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[ 215.866266] dm_mod: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[ 215.874356] kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: 0)
[ 215.876292] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffffffa0076082
[ 215.878399] PGD 2813067 P4D 2813067 PUD 2814063 PMD 100d69067 PTE 8000000106e5f163
[ 215.881213] Oops: 0011 [#1] SMP NOPTI
[ 215.883177] CPU: 0 PID: 5221 Comm: modprobe Tainted: GF E --------- - - 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8_5.x86_64 #27
[ 215.887727] Hardware name: Red Hat KVM, BIOS 1.13.0-2.module_el8.5.0+746+bbd5d70c 04/01/2014
[ 215.891135] RIP: 0010:dm_init+0x0/0x4d [dm_mod]
[ 215.892825] Code: ff e8 6c fc 08 e1 eb 16 83 3d f5 79 ff ff 00 75 14 89 05 ed 79 ff ff eb 0c bb f4 ff ff ff e8 45 c2 fd ff 89 dd 89 e8 5b 5d c3 <0f> 1f 44 00 00 41 54 55 53 31 db 48 8b 04 dd a0 62 07 a0 89 dd e8
[ 215.900326] RSP: 0018:ffffc900065f3dc0 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 215.902227] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 215.904006] RDX: ffffffff828180e0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffffa0076082
[ 215.906703] RBP: ffffffffa0076082 R08: ffffc900065f3df0 R09: ffffffff812b9041
[ 215.909201] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffffffff82a25740 R12: ffffc900065f3e88
[ 215.912269] R13: 000055cb8f2a47d6 R14: ffffffffa006d6d8 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 215.915415] FS: 00007f4ce33a6740(0000) GS:ffff88813bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 215.918292] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 215.921764] CR2: ffffffffa0076082 CR3: 0000000108d04004 CR4: 0000000000370ef0
[ 215.924892] Call Trace:
[ 215.926078] do_one_initcall+0x85/0x1b3
[ 215.928058] ? do_init_module+0x22/0x22d
[ 215.930245] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x136/0x26b
[ 215.932461] do_init_module+0x5a/0x22d
[ 215.934538] load_module+0x402/0x407
[ 215.935756] __do_sys_init_module+0x9b/0xa4
[ 215.937701] __se_sys_init_module+0xa/0xb
[ 215.939527] __x64_sys_init_module+0x16/0x17
[ 215.941703] do_syscall_64+0x80/0x197
[ 215.943180] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x65/0xca
[ 215.945244] RIP: 0033:0x7f4ce237c80e
[ 215.946788] Code: 48 8b 0d 7d 16 2c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 49 89 ca b8 af 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 4a 16 2c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
[ 215.952965] RSP: 002b:00007ffc47cceed8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000af
[ 215.955681] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055cb91403bc0 RCX: 00007f4ce237c80e
[ 215.958196] RDX: 000055cb8f2a47d6 RSI: 000000000004fd04 RDI: 000055cb9140b5a0
[ 215.960648] RBP: 000055cb8f2a47d6 R08: 000000000004fd04 R09: 000055cb914046c0
[ 215.962352] R10: 000000000000000e R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000055cb9140b5a0
[ 215.964869] R13: 000055cb91403a20 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 215.967314] Modules linked in: dm_mod(FE+)
[ 215.968787] CR2: ffffffffa0076082
[ 215.970118] ---[ end trace 5b2276622dcfadbe ]---
[ 215.971791] RIP: 0010:dm_init+0x0/0x4d [dm_mod]
[ 215.973443] Code: ff e8 6c fc 08 e1 eb 16 83 3d f5 79 ff ff 00 75 14 89 05 ed 79 ff ff eb 0c bb f4 ff ff ff e8 45 c2 fd ff 89 dd 89 e8 5b 5d c3 <0f> 1f 44 00 00 41 54 55 53 31 db 48 8b 04 dd a0 62 07 a0 89 dd e8
[ 215.979517] RSP: 0018:ffffc900065f3dc0 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 215.980925] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 215.983249] RDX: ffffffff828180e0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffffa0076082
[ 215.986029] RBP: ffffffffa0076082 R08: ffffc900065f3df0 R09: ffffffff812b9041
[ 215.988969] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffffffff82a25740 R12: ffffc900065f3e88
[ 215.991299] R13: 000055cb8f2a47d6 R14: ffffffffa006d6d8 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 215.993163] FS: 00007f4ce33a6740(0000) GS:ffff88813bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 215.995970] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 215.998013] CR2: ffffffffa0076082 CR3: 0000000108d04004 CR4: 0000000000370ef0
[ 216.000614] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception
[ 216.003394] Kernel Offset: disabled
[ 216.004523] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception ]---
CentOS 解包打包参考https://www.jianshu.com/p/218544a3531b。 执行
make modules
make modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/path/to/rootfs_cpio还是没法进入系统。
挂载虚拟机镜像，
make modules
sudo make modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/mnt/qemu/从 dracut-pre-udev[406]: modprobe: FATAL: Module dm_mod not found in directory /lib/modules/4.18.0，发现编译出内核的版本号似乎不完全一样，发现应该设置localversion：手动创建localversion，写入 -348.7.1.el8_5.x86_64，还是开不了机，输出什么我没有复制。
直接把 vmlinux 什么的复制进 /boot 分区，也不行。
采用 make -C $KDIR M=$PWD，执行不了。
- 使用 RPM 构建
经历了种种失败后，我意识到内核、initramfs 和模块要以一种恰当的方式配置，这让我转向了 RPM 构建系统，我认为这样打出来的包应该是已经配置好的。在编译时遇到卡在 cp python_ext_build/lib/perf*.so python/ ld -r -o pmu-events/pmu-events-in.o pmu-events/pmu-events.o，经查，需要更新 make。
这应该是比较接近成功的输出，但为什么 kernel panic 呢？
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug (qcwl@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-4) (GCC)) #1 SMP Fri May 20 00:35:30 CST 2022
[ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug root=/dev/mapper/vg_qemu-root ro crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/vg_qemu-swap rd.lvm.lv=vg_qemu/root rd.lvm.lv=vg_qemu/swap rhgb nokaslr console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]: 576, xstate_sizes[2]: 256
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using 'compacted' format.
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bffdefff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bffdf000-0x00000000bfffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000feffc000-0x00000000feffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000013fffffff] usable
[ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
[ 0.000000] SMBIOS 2.8 present.
[ 0.000000] DMI: Red Hat KVM, BIOS 1.13.0-2.module_el8.5.0+746+bbd5d70c 04/01/2014
[ 0.000000] Hypervisor detected: KVM
[ 0.000000] kvm-clock: Using msrs 4b564d01 and 4b564d00
[ 0.000000] kvm-clock: cpu 0, msr 3c01001, primary cpu clock
[ 0.000000] kvm-clock: using sched offset of 161886116712 cycles
[ 0.000000] clocksource: kvm-clock: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e4dffb, max_idle_ns: 881590591483 ns
[ 0.000000] tsc: Detected 2904.004 MHz processor
[ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0x140000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[ 0.000000] x86/PAT: Configuration [0-7]: WB WC UC- UC WB WP UC- WT
[ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0xbffdf max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[ 0.000000] found SMP MP-table at [mem 0x000f5ba0-0x000f5baf]
[ 0.000000] Using GB pages for direct mapping
[ 0.000000] RAMDISK: [mem 0x34743000-0x36399fff]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Early table checksum verification disabled
[ 0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 0x00000000000F5B60 000014 (v00 BOCHS )
[ 0.000000] ACPI: RSDT 0x00000000BFFE129A 00002C (v01 BOCHS BXPCRSDT 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: FACP 0x00000000BFFE1196 000074 (v01 BOCHS BXPCFACP 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 0x00000000BFFDFD00 001496 (v01 BOCHS BXPCDSDT 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: FACS 0x00000000BFFDFCC0 000040
[ 0.000000] ACPI: APIC 0x00000000BFFE120A 000090 (v01 BOCHS BXPCAPIC 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Reserving FACP table memory at [mem 0xbffe1196-0xbffe1209]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Reserving DSDT table memory at [mem 0xbffdfd00-0xbffe1195]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Reserving FACS table memory at [mem 0xbffdfcc0-0xbffdfcff]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Reserving APIC table memory at [mem 0xbffe120a-0xbffe1299]
[ 0.000000] No NUMA configuration found
[ 0.000000] Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000013fffffff]
[ 0.000000] NODE_DATA(0) allocated [mem 0x13ffd3000-0x13fffdfff]
[ 0.000000] Using crashkernel=auto, the size chosen is a best effort estimation.
[ 0.000000] Reserving 192MB of memory at 2864MB for crashkernel (System RAM: 4095MB)
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000000ffffff]
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x00000000ffffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000013fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Device empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009efff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bffdefff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000013fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Zeroed struct page in unavailable ranges: 131 pages
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000013fffffff]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x608
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0xff] dfl dfl lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 0, version 17, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 5 global_irq 5 high level)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 10 global_irq 10 high level)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 11 global_irq 11 high level)
[ 0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
[ 0.000000] smpboot: Allowing 4 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
[ 0.000000] kvm-guest: KVM setup pv remote TLB flush
[ 0.000000] kvm-guest: setup PV sched yield
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009f000-0x0009ffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000a0000-0x000effff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000f0000-0x000fffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xbffdf000-0xbfffffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xc0000000-0xfeffbfff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfeffc000-0xfeffffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xff000000-0xfffbffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0xfffc0000-0xffffffff]
[ 0.000000] [mem 0xc0000000-0xfeffbfff] available for PCI devices
[ 0.000000] Booting paravirtualized kernel on KVM
[ 0.000000] clocksource: refined-jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1910969940391419 ns
[ 0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:8192 nr_cpumask_bits:4 nr_cpu_ids:4 nr_node_ids:1
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 53 pages/cpu s180224 r8192 d28672 u524288
[ 0.000000] kvm-guest: stealtime: cpu 0, msr 13bc2b080
[ 0.000000] kvm-guest: PV spinlocks enabled
[ 0.000000] PV qspinlock hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 1031903
[ 0.000000] Policy zone: Normal
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug root=/dev/mapper/vg_qemu-root ro crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/vg_qemu-swap rd.lvm.lv=vg_qemu/root rd.lvm.lv=vg_qemu/swap rhgb nokaslr console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200
[ 0.000000] Specific versions of hardware are certified with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Please see the list of hardware certified with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 at https://catalog.redhat.com.
[ 0.000000] Memory: 2937348K/4193780K available (12293K kernel code, 2206K rwdata, 8240K rodata, 2520K init, 14560K bss, 405948K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] ftrace: allocating 48166 entries in 189 pages
[ 0.000000] ftrace: allocated 189 pages with 6 groups
[ 0.001000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.001000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8192 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
[ 0.001000] Rude variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[ 0.001000] Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[ 0.001000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 100 jiffies.
[ 0.001000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
[ 0.001000] NR_IRQS: 524544, nr_irqs: 456, preallocated irqs: 16
[ 0.001000] random: crng done (trusting CPU's manufacturer)
[ 0.001000] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
[ 0.001000] printk: console [tty0] enabled
[ 0.001000] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.001000] ACPI: Core revision 20210105
[ 0.001000] APIC: Switch to symmetric I/O mode setup
[ 0.001000] x2apic enabled
[ 0.001000] Switched APIC routing to physical x2apic.
[ 0.001000] kvm-guest: setup PV IPIs
[ 0.001000] clocksource: tsc-early: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x29dc09beef1, max_idle_ns: 440795310252 ns
[ 0.001000] Calibrating delay loop (skipped) preset value.. 5808.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=2904004)
[ 0.001000] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.001000] LSM: Security Framework initializing
[ 0.001000] Yama: becoming mindful.
[ 0.001000] SELinux: Initializing.
[ 0.001000] LSM support for eBPF active
[ 0.001000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.001000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.001000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.001000] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.001000] x86/cpu: User Mode Instruction Prevention (UMIP) activated
[ 0.001000] Last level iTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 0
[ 0.001000] Last level dTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 0, 1GB 0
[ 0.001000] FEATURE SPEC_CTRL Present
[ 0.001000] FEATURE IBPB_SUPPORT Present
[ 0.001000] Spectre V1 : Mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
[ 0.001000] Spectre V2 : Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS
[ 0.001000] Spectre V2 : Spectre v2 / SpectreRSB mitigation: Filling RSB on context switch
[ 0.001000] Spectre V2 : mitigation: Enabling conditional Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier
[ 0.001000] Speculative Store Bypass: Mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
[ 0.001000] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 32K
[ 0.001000] smpboot: CPU0: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10400 CPU @ 2.90GHz (family: 0x6, model: 0xa5, stepping: 0x3)
[ 0.001390] Performance Events: Skylake events, core PMU driver.
[ 0.002026] core: CPUID marked event: 'cpu cycles' unavailable
[ 0.003014] core: CPUID marked event: 'instructions' unavailable
[ 0.004010] core: CPUID marked event: 'bus cycles' unavailable
[ 0.005012] core: CPUID marked event: 'cache references' unavailable
[ 0.006011] core: CPUID marked event: 'cache misses' unavailable
[ 0.007017] core: CPUID marked event: 'branch instructions' unavailable
[ 0.008014] core: CPUID marked event: 'branch misses' unavailable
[ 0.009021] ... version: 1
[ 0.010012] ... bit width: 48
[ 0.011011] ... generic registers: 4
[ 0.012019] ... value mask: 0000ffffffffffff
[ 0.013017] ... max period: 000000007fffffff
[ 0.014014] ... fixed-purpose events: 0
[ 0.015011] ... event mask: 000000000000000f
[ 0.016101] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.017602] NMI watchdog: Perf NMI watchdog permanently disabled
[ 0.018543] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.019457] x86: Booting SMP configuration:
[ 0.020018] .... node #0, CPUs: #1
[ 0.001000] kvm-clock: cpu 1, msr 3c01041, secondary cpu clock
[ 0.001000] smpboot: CPU 1 Converting physical 0 to logical die 1
[ 0.032071] kvm-guest: stealtime: cpu 1, msr 13bcab080
[ 0.033547] #2
[ 0.001000] kvm-clock: cpu 2, msr 3c01081, secondary cpu clock
[ 0.001000] smpboot: CPU 2 Converting physical 0 to logical die 2
[ 0.043063] kvm-guest: stealtime: cpu 2, msr 13bd2b080
[ 0.047509] #3
[ 0.001000] kvm-clock: cpu 3, msr 3c010c1, secondary cpu clock
[ 0.001000] smpboot: CPU 3 Converting physical 0 to logical die 3
[ 0.057074] kvm-guest: stealtime: cpu 3, msr 13bdab080
[ 0.061020] smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
[ 0.062018] smpboot: Max logical packages: 4
[ 0.063014] smpboot: Total of 4 processors activated (23232.03 BogoMIPS)
[ 0.073104] node 0 deferred pages initialised in 8ms
[ 0.077472] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.078082] x86/mm: Memory block size: 128MB
[ 0.081367] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275000 ns
[ 0.082028] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.083379] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[ 0.085108] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.086266] DMA: preallocated 512 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.087039] DMA: preallocated 512 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.088044] DMA: preallocated 512 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.089083] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[ 0.092205] cpuidle: using governor menu
[ 0.093024] audit: type=2000 audit(1653033004.659:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
[ 0.099742] ACPI: bus type PCI registered
[ 0.100013] acpiphp: ACPI Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.5
[ 0.101407] PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base access
[ 0.104143] HugeTLB registered 1.00 GiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 0.105017] HugeTLB registered 2.00 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 0.106212] cryptd: max_cpu_qlen set to 1000
[ 0.108209] ACPI: Added _OSI(Module Device)
[ 0.109017] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Device)
[ 0.110014] ACPI: Added _OSI(3.0 _SCP Extensions)
[ 0.111012] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Aggregator Device)
[ 0.112021] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Dell-Video)
[ 0.113026] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Lenovo-NV-HDMI-Audio)
[ 0.114022] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-HPI-Hybrid-Graphics)
[ 0.115642] ACPI: 1 ACPI AML tables successfully acquired and loaded
[ 0.116766] ACPI: Interpreter enabled
[ 0.117022] ACPI: (supports S0 S5)
[ 0.118012] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
[ 0.119098] PCI: Using host bridge windows from ACPI; if necessary, use "pci=nocrs" and report a bug
[ 0.120155] ACPI: Enabled 2 GPEs in block 00 to 0F
[ 0.124362] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (domain 0000 [bus 00-ff])
[ 0.125030] acpi PNP0A03:00: _OSC: OS supports [ASPM ClockPM Segments MSI EDR HPX-Type3]
[ 0.126035] acpi PNP0A03:00: fail to add MMCONFIG information, can't access extended PCI configuration space under this bridge.
[ 0.127463] acpiphp: Slot [3] registered
[ 0.128139] acpiphp: Slot [4] registered
[ 0.129086] acpiphp: Slot [6] registered
[ 0.130051] acpiphp: Slot [7] registered
[ 0.131052] acpiphp: Slot [8] registered
[ 0.132048] acpiphp: Slot [9] registered
[ 0.133091] acpiphp: Slot [10] registered
[ 0.134217] acpiphp: Slot [11] registered
[ 0.135064] acpiphp: Slot [12] registered
[ 0.136059] acpiphp: Slot [13] registered
[ 0.137050] acpiphp: Slot [14] registered
[ 0.138067] acpiphp: Slot [15] registered
[ 0.139102] acpiphp: Slot [16] registered
[ 0.140077] acpiphp: Slot [17] registered
[ 0.141064] acpiphp: Slot [18] registered
[ 0.142075] acpiphp: Slot [19] registered
[ 0.143073] acpiphp: Slot [20] registered
[ 0.144121] acpiphp: Slot [21] registered
[ 0.145082] acpiphp: Slot [22] registered
[ 0.146053] acpiphp: Slot [23] registered
[ 0.147047] acpiphp: Slot [24] registered
[ 0.148048] acpiphp: Slot [25] registered
[ 0.149049] acpiphp: Slot [26] registered
[ 0.150068] acpiphp: Slot [27] registered
[ 0.151089] acpiphp: Slot [28] registered
[ 0.152047] acpiphp: Slot [29] registered
[ 0.153050] acpiphp: Slot [30] registered
[ 0.154075] acpiphp: Slot [31] registered
[ 0.155047] PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[ 0.156019] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0x0cf7 window]
[ 0.157016] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0d00-0xffff window]
[ 0.158015] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x000a0000-0x000bffff window]
[ 0.159015] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0xc0000000-0xfebfffff window]
[ 0.160017] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x140000000-0x1bfffffff window]
[ 0.161036] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.162130] pci 0000:00:00.0: [8086:1237] type 00 class 0x060000
[ 0.164093] pci 0000:00:01.0: [8086:7000] type 00 class 0x060100
[ 0.166376] pci 0000:00:01.1: [8086:7010] type 00 class 0x010180
[ 0.169015] pci 0000:00:01.1: reg 0x20: [io 0xc120-0xc12f]
[ 0.171000] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x10: [io 0x01f0-0x01f7]
[ 0.171016] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x14: [io 0x03f6]
[ 0.172018] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x18: [io 0x0170-0x0177]
[ 0.173041] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x1c: [io 0x0376]
[ 0.174479] pci 0000:00:01.3: [8086:7113] type 00 class 0x068000
[ 0.176059] pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io 0x0600-0x063f] claimed by PIIX4 ACPI
[ 0.177049] pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io 0x0700-0x070f] claimed by PIIX4 SMB
[ 0.178632] pci 0000:00:02.0: [1b36:0100] type 00 class 0x030000
[ 0.181485] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0xf4000000-0xf7ffffff]
[ 0.184457] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0xf8000000-0xfbffffff]
[ 0.187474] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0xfc014000-0xfc015fff]
[ 0.190468] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x1c: [io 0xc080-0xc09f]
[ 0.197499] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0xfc000000-0xfc00ffff pref]
[ 0.202641] pci 0000:00:04.0: [8086:2668] type 00 class 0x040300
[ 0.203637] pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0xfc010000-0xfc013fff]
[ 0.208000] pci 0000:00:05.0: [8086:2934] type 00 class 0x0c0300
[ 0.209979] pci 0000:00:05.0: reg 0x20: [io 0xc0a0-0xc0bf]
[ 0.211182] pci 0000:00:05.1: [8086:2935] type 00 class 0x0c0300
[ 0.213968] pci 0000:00:05.1: reg 0x20: [io 0xc0c0-0xc0df]
[ 0.215189] pci 0000:00:05.2: [8086:2936] type 00 class 0x0c0300
[ 0.217927] pci 0000:00:05.2: reg 0x20: [io 0xc0e0-0xc0ff]
[ 0.219338] pci 0000:00:05.7: [8086:293a] type 00 class 0x0c0320
[ 0.220495] pci 0000:00:05.7: reg 0x10: [mem 0xfc016000-0xfc016fff]
[ 0.223493] pci 0000:00:06.0: [1af4:1003] type 00 class 0x078000
[ 0.225000] pci 0000:00:06.0: reg 0x10: [io 0xc000-0xc03f]
[ 0.225954] pci 0000:00:06.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0xfc017000-0xfc017fff]
[ 0.228681] pci 0000:00:06.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0xfebf4000-0xfebf7fff 64bit pref]
[ 0.230963] pci 0000:00:07.0: [1af4:1002] type 00 class 0x00ff00
[ 0.231991] pci 0000:00:07.0: reg 0x10: [io 0xc100-0xc11f]
[ 0.234015] pci 0000:00:07.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0xfebf8000-0xfebfbfff 64bit pref]
[ 0.237765] pci 0000:00:08.0: [1af4:1004] type 00 class 0x010000
[ 0.239017] pci 0000:00:08.0: reg 0x10: [io 0xc040-0xc07f]
[ 0.240815] pci 0000:00:08.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0xfc018000-0xfc018fff]
[ 0.243699] pci 0000:00:08.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0xfebfc000-0xfebfffff 64bit pref]
[ 0.248518] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 *10 11)
[ 0.249460] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 *10 11)
[ 0.250333] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 10 *11)
[ 0.251169] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 10 *11)
[ 0.252104] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKS] (IRQs *9)
[ 0.259289] iommu: Default domain type: Passthrough
[ 0.268251] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: setting as boot VGA device
[ 0.269000] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: VGA device added: decodes=io+mem,owns=io+mem,locks=none
[ 0.278029] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: bridge control possible
[ 0.283012] vgaarb: loaded
[ 0.287897] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.290483] ACPI: bus type USB registered
[ 0.292333] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.293000] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.297176] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.301248] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 0.305012] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 0.311034] PTP clock support registered
[ 0.312000] EDAC MC: Ver: 3.0.0
[ 0.313358] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
[ 0.319009] NetLabel: Initializing
[ 0.322021] NetLabel: domain hash size = 128
[ 0.325012] NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 CALIPSO
[ 0.326000] NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default
[ 0.327332] clocksource: Switched to clocksource kvm-clock
[ 0.373123] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
[ 0.376922] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[ 0.383075] pnp: PnP ACPI init
[ 0.386716] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 5 devices
[ 0.408418] clocksource: acpi_pm: mask: 0xffffff max_cycles: 0xffffff, max_idle_ns: 2085701024 ns
[ 0.416643] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 4 [io 0x0000-0x0cf7 window]
[ 0.422115] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 5 [io 0x0d00-0xffff window]
[ 0.427379] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 6 [mem 0x000a0000-0x000bffff window]
[ 0.432762] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 7 [mem 0xc0000000-0xfebfffff window]
[ 0.438187] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 8 [mem 0x140000000-0x1bfffffff window]
[ 0.441596] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 0.448460] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 2048 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.456478] TCP established hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.462470] TCP bind hash table entries: 32768 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.466911] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 32768 bind 32768)
[ 0.473002] MPTCP token hash table entries: 4096 (order: 4, 98304 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.478774] UDP hash table entries: 2048 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.485864] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 2048 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, vmalloc)
[ 0.489651] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 0.491820] NET: Registered protocol family 44
[ 0.494741] pci 0000:00:00.0: Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers
[ 0.499845] pci 0000:00:01.0: PIIX3: Enabling Passive Release
[ 0.504309] pci 0000:00:01.0: Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds
[ 0.508675] pci 0000:00:02.0: Video device with shadowed ROM at [mem 0x000c0000-0x000dffff]
[ 0.537116] PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] enabled at IRQ 10
[ 0.564639] pci 0000:00:05.0: quirk_usb_early_handoff+0x0/0x99 took 48763 usecs
[ 0.592685] PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] enabled at IRQ 11
[ 0.619271] pci 0000:00:05.1: quirk_usb_early_handoff+0x0/0x99 took 47459 usecs
[ 0.648867] PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] enabled at IRQ 11
[ 0.676984] pci 0000:00:05.2: quirk_usb_early_handoff+0x0/0x99 took 50392 usecs
[ 0.704816] PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] enabled at IRQ 10
[ 0.731191] pci 0000:00:05.7: quirk_usb_early_handoff+0x0/0x99 took 49799 usecs
[ 0.735819] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64
[ 0.738433] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 1.262580] Freeing initrd memory: 29020K
[ 1.266130] PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB)
[ 1.272167] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x00000000af000000-0x00000000b3000000] (64MB)
[ 1.278422] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x29dc09beef1, max_idle_ns: 440795310252 ns
[ 1.349857] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[ 1.352920] Key type blacklist registered
[ 1.356067] workingset: timestamp_bits=36 max_order=20 bucket_order=0
[ 1.363818] zbud: loaded
[ 1.367281] pstore: using deflate compression
[ 1.373492] Platform Keyring initialized
[ 1.514080] NET: Registered protocol family 38
[ 1.517001] Key type asymmetric registered
[ 1.521371] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
[ 1.525421] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 247)
[ 1.531404] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 1.535299] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 1.538227] io scheduler bfq registered
[ 1.542867] atomic64_test: passed for x86-64 platform with CX8 and with SSE
[ 1.547492] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[ 1.552485] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input0
[ 1.556138] ACPI: Power Button [PWRF]
[ 1.633887] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[ 1.669640] 00:04: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
[ 1.676889] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3
[ 1.681650] rdac: device handler registered
[ 1.685823] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 1.691391] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[ 1.718552] ehci-pci 0000:00:05.7: EHCI Host Controller
[ 1.723470] ehci-pci 0000:00:05.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[ 1.729110] ehci-pci 0000:00:05.7: irq 10, io mem 0xfc016000
[ 1.742397] ehci-pci 0000:00:05.7: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[ 1.747810] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002, bcdDevice= 4.18
[ 1.755329] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.761209] usb usb1: Product: EHCI Host Controller
[ 1.769248] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug ehci_hcd
[ 1.775367] usb usb1: SerialNumber: 0000:00:05.7
[ 1.778896] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.782846] hub 1-0:1.0: 6 ports detected
[ 1.787097] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[ 1.791964] ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver
[ 1.796321] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
[ 1.823369] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.0: UHCI Host Controller
[ 1.827390] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[ 1.832592] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.0: detected 2 ports
[ 1.835353] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.0: irq 10, io base 0x0000c0a0
[ 1.838276] usb usb2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 4.18
[ 1.845542] usb usb2: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.851774] usb usb2: Product: UHCI Host Controller
[ 1.854097] usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug uhci_hcd
[ 1.860595] usb usb2: SerialNumber: 0000:00:05.0
[ 1.865764] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.868273] hub 2-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[ 1.894481] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.1: UHCI Host Controller
[ 1.898062] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
[ 1.902756] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.1: detected 2 ports
[ 1.907563] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.1: irq 11, io base 0x0000c0c0
[ 1.912844] usb usb3: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 4.18
[ 1.918363] usb usb3: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.925243] usb usb3: Product: UHCI Host Controller
[ 1.927649] usb usb3: Manufacturer: Linux 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug uhci_hcd
[ 1.932079] usb usb3: SerialNumber: 0000:00:05.1
[ 1.936557] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.940056] hub 3-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[ 1.969169] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.2: UHCI Host Controller
[ 1.973052] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
[ 1.977111] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.2: detected 2 ports
[ 1.982576] uhci_hcd 0000:00:05.2: irq 11, io base 0x0000c0e0
[ 1.987061] usb usb4: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 4.18
[ 1.992090] usb usb4: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.995684] usb usb4: Product: UHCI Host Controller
[ 2.000626] usb usb4: Manufacturer: Linux 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug uhci_hcd
[ 2.006313] usb usb4: SerialNumber: 0000:00:05.2
[ 2.008798] hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 2.012553] hub 4-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[ 2.016876] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic
[ 2.022409] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for generic
[ 2.026262] i8042: PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:KBD,PNP0f13:MOU] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12
[ 2.042192] serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
[ 2.046230] serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
[ 2.051353] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[ 2.055506] rtc_cmos 00:00: RTC can wake from S4
[ 2.060721] rtc_cmos 00:00: registered as rtc0
[ 2.064383] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input1
[ 2.071445] rtc_cmos 00:00: alarms up to one day, y3k, 114 bytes nvram
[ 2.079307] intel_pstate: CPU model not supported
[ 2.083272] hid: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[ 2.093573] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 2.097865] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 2.100009] drop_monitor: Initializing network drop monitor service
[ 2.105335] Initializing XFRM netlink socket
[ 2.108481] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[ 2.113103] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 2.115183] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 2.123067] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci
[ 2.129952] mpls_gso: MPLS GSO support
[ 2.134166] AVX2 version of gcm_enc/dec engaged.
[ 2.137427] AES CTR mode by8 optimization enabled
[ 2.238294] sched_clock: Marking stable (2238285024, 0)->(3715784284, -1477499260)
[ 2.245731] registered taskstats version 1
[ 2.248853] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[ 2.281164] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0627, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 0.00
[ 2.302404] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=3, SerialNumber=10
[ 2.302448] Loaded X.509 cert 'CentOS kernel signing key: feb3284d260c683598f4549cf482591ce07757de'
[ 2.308287] usb 1-1: Product: QEMU USB Tablet
[ 2.323286] Loaded X.509 cert 'CentOS Linux Driver update signing key: 7f421ee0ab69461574bb358861dbe77762a4201b'
[ 2.327307] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: QEMU
[ 2.333204] Loaded X.509 cert 'CentOS Linux kpatch signing key: ea0413152cde1d98ebdca3fe6f0230904c9ef717'
[ 2.335483] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 42
[ 2.340954] zswap: loaded using pool lzo/zbud
[ 2.351355] page_owner is disabled
[ 2.362293] input: QEMU QEMU USB Tablet as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.7/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/0003:0627:0001.0001/input/input4
[ 2.369683] hid-generic 0003:0627:0001.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v0.01 Mouse [QEMU QEMU USB Tablet] on usb-0000:00:05.7-1/input0
[ 2.385694] Key type big_key registered
[ 2.399911] Key type encrypted registered
[ 2.403340] ima: No TPM chip found, activating TPM-bypass!
[ 2.406857] ima: Allocated hash algorithm: sha256
[ 2.411418] ima: No architecture policies found
[ 2.417141] evm: Initialising EVM extended attributes:
[ 2.421498] evm: security.selinux
[ 2.423587] evm: security.ima
[ 2.427120] evm: security.capability
[ 2.429770] evm: HMAC attrs: 0x1
[ 2.433263] rtc_cmos 00:00: setting system clock to 2022-05-20 07:50:08 UTC (1653033008)
[ 3.080962] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input3
[ 3.131757] Freeing unused decrypted memory: 2036K
[ 3.167046] Freeing unused kernel memory: 2520K
[ 3.183766] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
[ 3.389083] systemd[1]: systemd 239 (239-51.el8_5.2) running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=legacy)
[ 3.448380] systemd[1]: Detected virtualization kvm.
[ 3.461337] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
[ 3.475657] systemd[1]: Running in initial RAM disk.
Welcome to CentOS Linux 8 dracut-049-191.git20210920.el8 (Initramfs)!
[ 3.601321] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <qcwl-vm>.
[ 3.887874] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.
[ OK ] Reached target Slices.
[ 3.910155] systemd[1]: Reached target Swap.
[ OK ] Reached target Swap.
[ 3.932427] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.
[ OK ] Listening on udev Control Socket.
[ 3.955502] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[ OK ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[ 3.985113] systemd[1]: Created slice system-systemd\x2dhibernate\x2dresume.slice.
[ OK ] Created slice system-systemd\x2dhibernate\x2dresume.slice.
[ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[ OK ] Reached target Timers.
[ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket.
[ OK ] Started Memstrack Anylazing Service.
Starting Create list of required st…ce nodes for the current kernel...
Starting Journal Service...
Starting Setup Virtual Console...
[ OK ] Reached target Sockets.
Starting Apply Kernel Variables...
[ OK ] Started Create list of required sta…vice nodes for the current kernel.
[ OK ] Started Journal Service.
[ OK ] Started Apply Kernel Variables.
Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...
[ OK ] Started Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.
[ OK ] Started Setup Virtual Console.
Starting dracut cmdline hook...
[ OK ] Started dracut cmdline hook.
Starting dracut pre-udev hook...
[ 5.025862] kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: 0)
[ 5.032029] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffffffa0053082
[ 5.037457] PGD 2813067 P4D 2813067 PUD 2814063 PMD 13bc43067 PTE 800000010649c163
[ 5.043954] Oops: 0011 [#1] SMP NOPTI
[ 5.047145] CPU: 2 PID: 421 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8.qunchuwolao.x86_64+debug #1
[ 5.051545] Hardware name: Red Hat KVM, BIOS 1.13.0-2.module_el8.5.0+746+bbd5d70c 04/01/2014
[ 5.055417] RIP: 0010:dm_init+0x0/0x4e [dm_mod]
[ 5.059150] Code: ff e8 87 a5 0a e1 e8 9b b3 fd ff 89 dd eb 0f 83 3d 6e 6d ff ff 00 75 06 89 05 66 6d ff ff 89 e8 5b 5d c3 bb f4 ff ff ff eb dc <0f> 1f 44 00 00 41 54 55 53 bb 00 00 00 00 89 dd 48 8b 04 dd 80 32
[ 5.069616] RSP: 0018:ffffc90000c17dc0 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 5.073611] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 5.078504] RDX: ffffffff828180e0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffffa0053082
[ 5.083216] RBP: ffffffffa0053082 R08: ffffc90000c17df0 R09: ffffffff8127d38c
[ 5.086445] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffffffff82a1b7c0 R12: ffffc90000c17e88
[ 5.091223] R13: 000055e550fa87d6 R14: ffffffffa0049a58 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 5.095931] FS: 00007f4a886e0740(0000) GS:ffff88813bd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 5.100318] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 5.105174] CR2: ffffffffa0053082 CR3: 0000000106662006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0
[ 5.110591] Call Trace:
[ 5.112902] do_one_initcall+0x85/0x1b3
[ 5.116479] ? do_init_module+0x22/0x22d
[ 5.119870] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x136/0x26b
[ 5.123708] do_init_module+0x5a/0x22d
[ 5.126939] load_module+0x402/0x407
[ 5.129679] __do_sys_init_module+0x9b/0xa4
[ 5.132807] __se_sys_init_module+0xa/0xb
[ 5.137399] __x64_sys_init_module+0x16/0x17
[ 5.141079] do_syscall_64+0x80/0x197
[ 5.144347] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x65/0xca
[ 5.148840] RIP: 0033:0x7f4a876b680e
[ 5.151707] Code: 48 8b 0d 7d 16 2c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 49 89 ca b8 af 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 4a 16 2c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
[ 5.163192] RSP: 002b:00007ffe42c0da48 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000af
[ 5.171272] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055e551e52960 RCX: 00007f4a876b680e
[ 5.177346] RDX: 000055e550fa87d6 RSI: 000000000005206c RDI: 00007f4a88648010
[ 5.181479] RBP: 000055e550fa87d6 R08: 000055e551e5201a R09: 0000000000000000
[ 5.187801] R10: 000055e551e52010 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007f4a88648010
[ 5.191063] R13: 000055e551e52a00 R14: 0000000000040000 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 5.195164] Modules linked in: dm_mod(+)
[ 5.200083] CR2: ffffffffa0053082
[ 5.205642] ---[ end trace a43eee7d75114acb ]---
[ 5.209067] RIP: 0010:dm_init+0x0/0x4e [dm_mod]
[ 5.212595] Code: ff e8 87 a5 0a e1 e8 9b b3 fd ff 89 dd eb 0f 83 3d 6e 6d ff ff 00 75 06 89 05 66 6d ff ff 89 e8 5b 5d c3 bb f4 ff ff ff eb dc <0f> 1f 44 00 00 41 54 55 53 bb 00 00 00 00 89 dd 48 8b 04 dd 80 32
[ 5.222819] RSP: 0018:ffffc90000c17dc0 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 5.225606] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 5.232420] RDX: ffffffff828180e0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffffa0053082
[ 5.237095] RBP: ffffffffa0053082 R08: ffffc90000c17df0 R09: ffffffff8127d38c
[ 5.240529] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffffffff82a1b7c0 R12: ffffc90000c17e88
[ 5.245123] R13: 000055e550fa87d6 R14: ffffffffa0049a58 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 5.250215] FS: 00007f4a886e0740(0000) GS:ffff88813bd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 5.253983] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 5.256983] CR2: ffffffffa0053082 CR3: 0000000106662006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0
[ 5.262680] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception
[ 5.267595] Kernel Offset: disabled
[ 5.270109] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception ]---
最后我看到了 QEMU 编译选项，决定再试一下。这次接近成功了。