[Release-7.3] Cherry-pick Improve distributed consistency checker (#11346)

[kakaiu]

Cherrypick #11346

100K correctness test with 1 irrelevant failure:
20240501-000344-zhewang-86ca7a2789395f44 compressed=True data_size=35049687 duration=7017232 ended=100000 fail=1 fail_fast=10 max_runs=100000 pass=99999 priority=100 remaining=0 runtime=1:15:50 sanity=False started=100000 stopped=20240501-011934 submitted=20240501-000344 timeout=5400 username=zhewang

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[foundationdb-ci]

Result of foundationdb-pr-macos-m1 on macOS Ventura 13.x

• Commit ID: 1d4418e
• Duration 0:32:50
• Result: ✅ SUCCEEDED
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[foundationdb-ci]

Result of foundationdb-pr-macos on macOS Ventura 13.x

• Commit ID: 1d4418e
• Duration 0:44:03
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• Error: N/A
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[foundationdb-ci]

Result of foundationdb-pr-cluster-tests on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: 1d4418e
• Duration 0:55:00
• Result: ✅ SUCCEEDED
• Error: N/A
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[foundationdb-ci]

Result of foundationdb-pr-clang on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: 1d4418e
• Duration 1:01:24
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[foundationdb-ci]

Result of foundationdb-pr on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: 1d4418e
• Duration 1:05:13
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• Error: N/A
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