Add page-context logic

[vordgi]

What?

We need the ability to obtain data about the page in server components. Primarily for localization, but there are hundreds and thousands of cases where this is necessary. I understand the problems of creating context functions (and recently wrote my results on this here).

But we need a method. Here I propose another way (although I am still waiting for PR on getPathname, despite the fact that it feels great in my package). This is the same functionality that you use when generating pages. It covers a huge number of cases.

Please, look in this direction. This is a very, very serious problem for static applications.

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I still do not know all the intricacies of next.js. Therefore, please, give an answer - what is wrong, where else to add this logic, where to write tests, what to consider and check!

Fixes #50405, #43704, #42301, #58862, #50575, etc.

[ijjk]

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