Request.php

<?php
/**
 * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (http://cakephp.org)
 * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 *
 * Licensed under The MIT License
 * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
 * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
 *
 * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 * @link          http://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
 * @since         2.0.0
 * @license       http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
 */
namespace Cake\Network;

use BadMethodCallException;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Network\Exception\MethodNotAllowedException;
use Cake\Network\Session;
use Cake\Utility\Hash;

/**
 * A class that helps wrap Request information and particulars about a single request.
 * Provides methods commonly used to introspect on the request headers and request body.
 *
 * Has both an Array and Object interface. You can access framework parameters using indexes:
 *
 * `$request['controller']` or `$request->controller`.
 */
class Request implements \ArrayAccess {

/**
 * Array of parameters parsed from the URL.
 *
 * @var array
 */
	public $params = array(
		'plugin' => null,
		'controller' => null,
		'action' => null,
		'_ext' => null,
		'pass' => []
	);

/**
 * Array of POST data. Will contain form data as well as uploaded files.
 * In PUT/PATCH/DELETE requests this property will contain the form-urlencoded
 * data.
 *
 * @var array
 */
	public $data = [];

/**
 * Array of querystring arguments
 *
 * @var array
 */
	public $query = [];

/**
 * Array of cookie data.
 *
 * @var array
 */
	public $cookies = [];

/**
 * Array of environment data.
 *
 * @var array
 */
	protected $_environment = [];

/**
 * The URL string used for the request.
 *
 * @var string
 */
	public $url;

/**
 * Base URL path.
 *
 * @var string
 */
	public $base;

/**
 * webroot path segment for the request.
 *
 * @var string
 */
	public $webroot = '/';

/**
 * The full address to the current request
 *
 * @var string
 */
	public $here;

/**
 * Whether or not to trust HTTP_X headers set by most load balancers.
 * Only set to true if your application runs behind load balancers/proxies
 * that you control.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
	public $trustProxy = false;

/**
 * The built in detectors used with `is()` can be modified with `addDetector()`.
 *
 * There are several ways to specify a detector, see Cake\Network\Request::addDetector() for the
 * various formats and ways to define detectors.
 *
 * @var array
 */
	protected static $_detectors = array(
		'get' => array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'GET'),
		'post' => array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'POST'),
		'put' => array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'PUT'),
		'patch' => array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'PATCH'),
		'delete' => array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'DELETE'),
		'head' => array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'HEAD'),
		'options' => array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'OPTIONS'),
		'ssl' => array('env' => 'HTTPS', 'options' => [1, 'on']),
		'ajax' => array('env' => 'HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH', 'value' => 'XMLHttpRequest'),
		'flash' => array('env' => 'HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'pattern' => '/^(Shockwave|Adobe) Flash/'),
		'requested' => array('param' => 'requested', 'value' => 1)
	);

/**
 * Instance cache for results of is(something) calls
 *
 * @var array
 */
	protected $_detectorCache = [];

/**
 * Copy of php://input. Since this stream can only be read once in most SAPI's
 * keep a copy of it so users don't need to know about that detail.
 *
 * @var string
 */
	protected $_input = '';

/**
 * Instance of a Session object relative to this request
 *
 * @var \Cake\Network\Session
 */
	protected $_session;

/**
 * Wrapper method to create a new request from PHP superglobals.
 *
 * Uses the $_GET, $_POST, $_FILES, $_COOKIE, $_SERVER, $_ENV and php://input data to construct
 * the request.
 *
 * @return \Cake\Network\Request
 */
	public static function createFromGlobals() {
		list($base, $webroot) = static::_base();
		$sessionConfig = (array)Configure::read('Session') + [
			'defaults' => 'php',
			'cookiePath' => $base
		];

		$config = array(
			'query' => $_GET,
			'post' => $_POST,
			'files' => $_FILES,
			'cookies' => $_COOKIE,
			'environment' => $_SERVER + $_ENV,
			'base' => $base,
			'webroot' => $webroot,
			'session' => Session::create($sessionConfig)
		);
		$config['url'] = static::_url($config);
		return new static($config);
	}

/**
 * Create a new request object.
 *
 * You can supply the data as either an array or as a string.  If you use
 * a string you can only supply the url for the request.  Using an array will
 * let you provide the following keys:
 *
 * - `post` POST data or non query string data
 * - `query` Additional data from the query string.
 * - `files` Uploaded file data formatted like $_FILES.
 * - `cookies` Cookies for this request.
 * - `environment` $_SERVER and $_ENV data.
 * - `url` The url without the base path for the request.
 * - `base` The base url for the request.
 * - `webroot` The webroot directory for the request.
 * - `input` The data that would come from php://input this is useful for simulating
 * - `session` An instance of a Session object
 *   requests with put, patch or delete data.
 *
 * @param string|array $config An array of request data to create a request with.
 */
	public function __construct($config = array()) {
		if (is_string($config)) {
			$config = array('url' => $config);
		}
		$config += array(
			'params' => $this->params,
			'query' => array(),
			'post' => array(),
			'files' => array(),
			'cookies' => array(),
			'environment' => array(),
			'url' => '',
			'base' => '',
			'webroot' => '',
			'input' => null,
		);

		$this->_setConfig($config);
	}

/**
 * Process the config/settings data into properties.
 *
 * @param array $config The config data to use.
 * @return void
 */
	protected function _setConfig($config) {
		if (!empty($config['url']) && $config['url'][0] === '/') {
			$config['url'] = substr($config['url'], 1);
		}

		if (empty($config['session'])) {
			$config['session'] = new Session([
				'cookiePath' => $config['base']
			]);
		}

		$this->url = $config['url'];
		$this->base = $config['base'];
		$this->cookies = $config['cookies'];
		$this->here = $this->base . '/' . $this->url;
		$this->webroot = $config['webroot'];

		$this->_environment = $config['environment'];
		if (isset($config['input'])) {
			$this->_input = $config['input'];
		}
		$config['post'] = $this->_processPost($config['post']);
		$this->data = $this->_processFiles($config['post'], $config['files']);
		$this->query = $this->_processGet($config['query']);
		$this->params = $config['params'];
		$this->_session = $config['session'];
	}

/**
 * Sets the REQUEST_METHOD environment variable based on the simulated _method
 * HTTP override value. The 'ORIGINAL_REQUEST_METHOD' is also preserved, if you
 * want the read the non-simulated HTTP method the client used.
 *
 * @param array $data Array of post data.
 * @return array
 */
	protected function _processPost($data) {
		$method = $this->env('REQUEST_METHOD');
		if (
			in_array($method, array('PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH')) &&
			strpos($this->env('CONTENT_TYPE'), 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') === 0
		) {
			$data = $this->input();
			parse_str($data, $data);
		}
		if ($this->env('HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE')) {
			$data['_method'] = $this->env('HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE');
		}
		$this->_environment['ORIGINAL_REQUEST_METHOD'] = $method;
		if (isset($data['_method'])) {
			$this->_environment['REQUEST_METHOD'] = $data['_method'];
			unset($data['_method']);
		}
		return $data;
	}

/**
 * Process the GET parameters and move things into the object.
 *
 * @param array $query Contains querystring data such as `pag`
 * @return void
 */
	protected function _processGet($query) {
		$unsetUrl = '/' . str_replace(array('.', ' '), '_', urldecode($this->url));
		unset($query[$unsetUrl]);
		unset($query[$this->base . $unsetUrl]);
		if (strpos($this->url, '?') !== false) {
			list(, $querystr) = explode('?', $this->url);
			parse_str($querystr, $queryArgs);
			$query += $queryArgs;
		}
		return $query;
	}

/**
 * Get the request uri. Looks in PATH_INFO first, as this is the exact value we need prepared
 * by PHP. Following that, REQUEST_URI, PHP_SELF, HTTP_X_REWRITE_URL and argv are checked in that order.
 * Each of these server variables have the base path, and query strings stripped off
 *
 * @param array $config Configuration to set.
 * @return string URI The CakePHP request path that is being accessed.
 */
	protected static function _url($config) {
		if (!empty($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) {
			return $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'];
		} elseif (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) && strpos($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '://') === false) {
			$uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
		} elseif (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
			$qPosition = strpos($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '?');
			if ($qPosition !== false && strpos($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '://') > $qPosition) {
				$uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
			} else {
				$uri = substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], strlen(Configure::read('App.fullBaseUrl')));
			}
		} elseif (isset($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) && isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'])) {
			$uri = str_replace($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], '', $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
		} elseif (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REWRITE_URL'])) {
			$uri = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REWRITE_URL'];
		} elseif ($var = env('argv')) {
			$uri = $var[0];
		}

		$base = $config['base'];

		if (strlen($base) > 0 && strpos($uri, $base) === 0) {
			$uri = substr($uri, strlen($base));
		}
		if (strpos($uri, '?') !== false) {
			list($uri) = explode('?', $uri, 2);
		}
		if (empty($uri) || $uri === '/' || $uri === '//' || $uri === '/index.php') {
			$uri = '/';
		}
		$endsWithIndex = '/webroot/index.php';
		$endsWithLength = strlen($endsWithIndex);
		if (
			strlen($uri) >= $endsWithLength &&
			substr($uri, -$endsWithLength) === $endsWithIndex
		) {
			$uri = '/';
		}
		return $uri;
	}

/**
 * Returns a base URL and sets the proper webroot
 *
 * If CakePHP is called with index.php in the URL even though
 * URL Rewriting is activated (and thus not needed) it swallows
 * the unnecessary part from $base to prevent issue #3318.
 *
 * @return array Base URL, webroot dir ending in /
 * @link https://cakephp.lighthouseapp.com/projects/42648-cakephp/tickets/3318
 */
	protected static function _base() {
		$base = $webroot = $baseUrl = null;
		$config = Configure::read('App');
		extract($config);

		if ($base !== false && $base !== null) {
			return array($base, $base . '/');
		}

		if (!$baseUrl) {
			$base = dirname(env('PHP_SELF'));

			$indexPos = strpos($base, '/' . $webroot . '/index.php');
			if ($indexPos !== false) {
				$base = substr($base, 0, $indexPos) . '/' . $webroot;
			}
			if ($webroot === basename($base)) {
				$base = dirname($base);
			}

			if ($base === DS || $base === '.') {
				$base = '';
			}
			$base = implode('/', array_map('rawurlencode', explode('/', $base)));
			return array($base, $base . '/');
		}

		$file = '/' . basename($baseUrl);
		$base = dirname($baseUrl);

		if ($base === DS || $base === '.') {
			$base = '';
		}
		$webrootDir = $base . '/';

		$docRoot = env('DOCUMENT_ROOT');
		$docRootContainsWebroot = strpos($docRoot, $webroot);

		if (!empty($base) || !$docRootContainsWebroot) {
			if (strpos($webrootDir, '/' . $webroot . '/') === false) {
				$webrootDir .= $webroot . '/';
			}
		}
		return array($base . $file, $webrootDir);
	}

/**
 * Process uploaded files and move things onto the post data.
 *
 * @param array $post Post data to merge files onto.
 * @param array $files Uploaded files to merge in.
 * @return array merged post + file data.
 */
	protected function _processFiles($post, $files) {
		if (is_array($files)) {
			foreach ($files as $key => $data) {
				if (isset($data['tmp_name']) && is_string($data['tmp_name'])) {
					$post[$key] = $data;
				} else {
					$keyData = isset($post[$key]) ? $post[$key] : [];
					$post[$key] = $this->_processFileData($keyData, $data);
				}
			}
		}
		return $post;
	}

/**
 * Recursively walks the FILES array restructuring the data
 * into something sane and usable.
 *
 * @param array $data The data being built
 * @param array $post The post data being traversed
 * @param string $path The dot separated path to insert $data into.
 * @param string $field The terminal field in the path. This is one of the
 *   $_FILES properties e.g. name, tmp_name, size, error
 * @return void
 */
	protected function _processFileData($data, $post, $path = '', $field = '') {
		foreach ($post as $key => $fields) {
			$newField = $field;
			$newPath = $path;
			if ($path === '' && $newField === '') {
				$newField = $key;
			}
			if ($field === $newField) {
				$newPath .= '.' . $key;
			}
			if (is_array($fields)) {
				$data = $this->_processFileData($data, $fields, $newPath, $newField);
			} else {
				$newPath = trim($newPath . '.' . $field, '.');
				$data = Hash::insert($data, $newPath, $fields);
			}
		}
		return $data;
	}

/**
 * Returns the instance of the Session object for this request
 *
 * If a session object is passed as first argument it will be set as
 * the session to use for this request
 *
 * @param \Cake\Network\Session $session the session object to use
 * @return \Cake\Network\Session
 */
	public function session(Session $session = null) {
		if ($session === null) {
			return $this->_session;
		}
		return $this->_session = $session;
	}

/**
 * Get the IP the client is using, or says they are using.
 *
 * @return string The client IP.
 */
	public function clientIp() {
		if ($this->trustProxy && $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')) {
			$ipaddr = preg_replace('/(?:,.*)/', '', $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'));
		} else {
			if ($this->env('HTTP_CLIENT_IP')) {
				$ipaddr = $this->env('HTTP_CLIENT_IP');
			} else {
				$ipaddr = $this->env('REMOTE_ADDR');
			}
		}

		if ($this->env('HTTP_CLIENTADDRESS')) {
			$tmpipaddr = $this->env('HTTP_CLIENTADDRESS');

			if (!empty($tmpipaddr)) {
				$ipaddr = preg_replace('/(?:,.*)/', '', $tmpipaddr);
			}
		}
		return trim($ipaddr);
	}

/**
 * Returns the referer that referred this request.
 *
 * @param bool $local Attempt to return a local address.
 *   Local addresses do not contain hostnames.
 * @return string The referring address for this request.
 */
	public function referer($local = false) {
		$ref = $this->env('HTTP_REFERER');

		$base = Configure::read('App.fullBaseUrl') . $this->webroot;
		if (!empty($ref) && !empty($base)) {
			if ($local && strpos($ref, $base) === 0) {
				$ref = substr($ref, strlen($base));
				if ($ref[0] !== '/') {
					$ref = '/' . $ref;
				}
				return $ref;
			} elseif (!$local) {
				return $ref;
			}
		}
		return '/';
	}

/**
 * Missing method handler, handles wrapping older style isAjax() type methods
 *
 * @param string $name The method called
 * @param array $params Array of parameters for the method call
 * @return mixed
 * @throws \BadMethodCallException when an invalid method is called.
 */
	public function __call($name, $params) {
		if (strpos($name, 'is') === 0) {
			$type = strtolower(substr($name, 2));
			return $this->is($type);
		}
		throw new BadMethodCallException(sprintf('Method %s does not exist', $name));
	}

/**
 * Magic get method allows access to parsed routing parameters directly on the object.
 *
 * Allows access to `$this->params['controller']` via `$this->controller`
 *
 * @param string $name The property being accessed.
 * @return mixed Either the value of the parameter or null.
 */
	public function __get($name) {
		if (isset($this->params[$name])) {
			return $this->params[$name];
		}
		return null;
	}

/**
 * Magic isset method allows isset/empty checks
 * on routing parameters.
 *
 * @param string $name The property being accessed.
 * @return bool Existence
 */
	public function __isset($name) {
		return isset($this->params[$name]);
	}

/**
 * Check whether or not a Request is a certain type.
 *
 * Uses the built in detection rules as well as additional rules
 * defined with Cake\Network\CakeRequest::addDetector(). Any detector can be called
 * as `is($type)` or `is$Type()`.
 *
 * @param string|array $type The type of request you want to check. If an array
 *   this method will return true if the request matches any type.
 * @return bool Whether or not the request is the type you are checking.
 */
	public function is($type) {
		if (is_array($type)) {
			$result = array_map(array($this, 'is'), $type);
			return count(array_filter($result)) > 0;
		}

		$type = strtolower($type);
		if (!isset(static::$_detectors[$type])) {
			return false;
		}

		if (!isset($this->_detectorCache[$type])) {
			$this->_detectorCache[$type] = $this->_is($type);
		}

		return $this->_detectorCache[$type];
	}

/**
 * Clears the instance detector cache, used by the is() function
 *
 * @return void
 */
	public function clearDetectorCache() {
		$this->_detectorCache = [];
	}

/**
 * Worker for the public is function
 *
 * @param string|array $type The type of request you want to check. If an array
 *   this method will return true if the request matches any type.
 * @return bool Whether or not the request is the type you are checking.
 */
	protected function _is($type) {
		$detect = static::$_detectors[$type];
		if (is_callable($detect)) {
			return call_user_func($detect, $this);
		}
		if (isset($detect['env'])) {
			if (isset($detect['value'])) {
				return $this->env($detect['env']) == $detect['value'];
			}
			if (isset($detect['pattern'])) {
				return (bool)preg_match($detect['pattern'], $this->env($detect['env']));
			}
			if (isset($detect['options'])) {
				$pattern = '/' . implode('|', $detect['options']) . '/i';
				return (bool)preg_match($pattern, $this->env($detect['env']));
			}
		}
		if (isset($detect['param'])) {
			$key = $detect['param'];
			if (isset($detect['value'])) {
				$value = $detect['value'];
				return isset($this->params[$key]) ? $this->params[$key] == $value : false;
			}
			if (isset($detect['options'])) {
				return isset($this->params[$key]) ? in_array($this->params[$key], $detect['options']) : false;
			}
		}
		if (isset($detect['callback']) && is_callable($detect['callback'])) {
			return call_user_func($detect['callback'], $this);
		}
		return false;
	}

/**
 * Check that a request matches all the given types.
 *
 * Allows you to test multiple types and union the results.
 * See Request::is() for how to add additional types and the
 * built-in types.
 *
 * @param array $types The types to check.
 * @return bool Success.
 * @see \Cake\Network\Request::is()
 */
	public function isAll(array $types) {
		$result = array_filter(array_map(array($this, 'is'), $types));
		return count($result) === count($types);
	}

/**
 * Add a new detector to the list of detectors that a request can use.
 * There are several different formats and types of detectors that can be set.
 *
 * ### Callback detectors
 *
 * Callback detectors allow you to provide a callable to handle the check.
 * The callback will receive the request object as its only parameter.
 *
 * e.g `addDetector('custom', function ($request) { //Return a boolean });`
 * e.g `addDetector('custom', array('SomeClass', 'somemethod'));`
 *
 * ### Environment value comparison
 *
 * An environment value comparison, compares a value fetched from `env()` to a known value
 * the environment value is equality checked against the provided value.
 *
 * e.g `addDetector('post', array('env' => 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'value' => 'POST'))`
 *
 * ### Pattern value comparison
 *
 * Pattern value comparison allows you to compare a value fetched from `env()` to a regular expression.
 *
 * e.g `addDetector('iphone', array('env' => 'HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'pattern' => '/iPhone/i'));`
 *
 * ### Option based comparison
 *
 * Option based comparisons use a list of options to create a regular expression. Subsequent calls
 * to add an already defined options detector will merge the options.
 *
 * e.g `addDetector('mobile', array('env' => 'HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'options' => array('Fennec')));`
 *
 * ### Request parameter detectors
 *
 * Allows for custom detectors on the request parameters.
 *
 * e.g `addDetector('requested', array('param' => 'requested', 'value' => 1)`
 *
 * You can also make parameter detectors that accept multiple values
 * using the `options` key. This is useful when you want to check
 * if a request parameter is in a list of options.
 *
 * `addDetector('extension', array('param' => 'ext', 'options' => array('pdf', 'csv'))`
 *
 * @param string $name The name of the detector.
 * @param callable|array $callable A callable or options array for the detector definition.
 * @return void
 */
	public static function addDetector($name, $callable) {
		$name = strtolower($name);
		if (is_callable($callable)) {
			static::$_detectors[$name] = $callable;
			return;
		}
		if (isset(static::$_detectors[$name]) && isset($callable['options'])) {
			$callable = Hash::merge(static::$_detectors[$name], $callable);
		}
		static::$_detectors[$name] = $callable;
	}

/**
 * Add parameters to the request's parsed parameter set. This will overwrite any existing parameters.
 * This modifies the parameters available through `$request->params`.
 *
 * @param array $params Array of parameters to merge in
 * @return $this The current object, you can chain this method.
 */
	public function addParams(array $params) {
		$this->params = array_merge($this->params, $params);
		return $this;
	}

/**
 * Add paths to the requests' paths vars. This will overwrite any existing paths.
 * Provides an easy way to modify, here, webroot and base.
 *
 * @param array $paths Array of paths to merge in
 * @return $this The current object, you can chain this method.
 */
	public function addPaths(array $paths) {
		foreach (array('webroot', 'here', 'base') as $element) {
			if (isset($paths[$element])) {
				$this->{$element} = $paths[$element];
			}
		}
		return $this;
	}

/**
 * Get the value of the current requests URL. Will include querystring arguments.
 *
 * @param bool $base Include the base path, set to false to trim the base path off.
 * @return string The current request URL including query string args.
 */
	public function here($base = true) {
		$url = $this->here;
		if (!empty($this->query)) {
			$url .= '?' . http_build_query($this->query, null, '&');
		}
		if (!$base) {
			$url = preg_replace('/^' . preg_quote($this->base, '/') . '/', '', $url, 1);
		}
		return $url;
	}

/**
 * Read an HTTP header from the Request information.
 *
 * @param string $name Name of the header you want.
 * @return mixed Either null on no header being set or the value of the header.
 */
	public function header($name) {
		$name = 'HTTP_' . str_replace('-', '_', $name);
		return $this->env($name);
	}

/**
 * Get the HTTP method used for this request.
 * There are a few ways to specify a method.
 *
 * - If your client supports it you can use native HTTP methods.
 * - You can set the HTTP-X-Method-Override header.
 * - You can submit an input with the name `_method`
 *
 * Any of these 3 approaches can be used to set the HTTP method used
 * by CakePHP internally, and will effect the result of this method.
 *
 * @return string The name of the HTTP method used.
 */
	public function method() {
		return $this->env('REQUEST_METHOD');
	}

/**
 * Get the host that the request was handled on.
 *
 * @return string
 */
	public function host() {
		if ($this->trustProxy && $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST')) {
			return $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST');
		}
		return $this->env('HTTP_HOST');
	}

/**
 * Get the port the request was handled on.
 *
 * @return string
 */
	public function port() {
		if ($this->trustProxy && $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT')) {
			return $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT');
		}
		return $this->env('SERVER_PORT');
	}

/**
 * Get the current url scheme used for the request.
 *
 * e.g. 'http', or 'https'
 *
 * @return string The scheme used for the request.
 */
	public function scheme() {
		if ($this->trustProxy && $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO')) {
			return $this->env('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO');
		}
		return $this->env('HTTPS') ? 'https' : 'http';
	}

/**
 * Get the domain name and include $tldLength segments of the tld.
 *
 * @param int $tldLength Number of segments your tld contains. For example: `example.com` contains 1 tld.
 *   While `example.co.uk` contains 2.
 * @return string Domain name without subdomains.
 */
	public function domain($tldLength = 1) {
		$segments = explode('.', $this->host());
		$domain = array_slice($segments, -1 * ($tldLength + 1));
		return implode('.', $domain);
	}

/**
 * Get the subdomains for a host.
 *
 * @param int $tldLength Number of segments your tld contains. For example: `example.com` contains 1 tld.
 *   While `example.co.uk` contains 2.
 * @return array An array of subdomains.
 */
	public function subdomains($tldLength = 1) {
		$segments = explode('.', $this->host());
		return array_slice($segments, 0, -1 * ($tldLength + 1));
	}

/**
 * Find out which content types the client accepts or check if they accept a
 * particular type of content.
 *
 * #### Get all types:
 *
 * `$this->request->accepts();`
 *
 * #### Check for a single type:
 *
 * `$this->request->accepts('application/json');`
 *
 * This method will order the returned content types by the preference values indicated
 * by the client.
 *
 * @param string $type The content type to check for. Leave null to get all types a client accepts.
 * @return mixed Either an array of all the types the client accepts or a boolean if they accept the
 *   provided type.
 */
	public function accepts($type = null) {
		$raw = $this->parseAccept();
		$accept = array();
		foreach ($raw as $types) {
			$accept = array_merge($accept, $types);
		}
		if ($type === null) {
			return $accept;
		}
		return in_array($type, $accept);
	}

/**
 * Parse the HTTP_ACCEPT header and return a sorted array with content types
 * as the keys, and pref values as the values.
 *
 * Generally you want to use Cake\Network\Request::accept() to get a simple list
 * of the accepted content types.
 *
 * @return array An array of prefValue => array(content/types)
 */
	public function parseAccept() {
		return $this->_parseAcceptWithQualifier($this->header('accept'));
	}

/**
 * Get the languages accepted by the client, or check if a specific language is accepted.
 *
 * Get the list of accepted languages:
 *
 * {{{ \Cake\Network\Request::acceptLanguage(); }}}
 *
 * Check if a specific language is accepted:
 *
 * {{{ \Cake\Network\Request::acceptLanguage('es-es'); }}}
 *
 * @param string $language The language to test.
 * @return mixed If a $language is provided, a boolean. Otherwise the array of accepted languages.
 */
	public function acceptLanguage($language = null) {
		$raw = $this->_parseAcceptWithQualifier($this->header('Accept-Language'));
		$accept = array();
		foreach ($raw as $languages) {
			foreach ($languages as &$lang) {
				if (strpos($lang, '_')) {
					$lang = str_replace('_', '-', $lang);
				}
				$lang = strtolower($lang);
			}
			$accept = array_merge($accept, $languages);
		}
		if ($language === null) {
			return $accept;
		}
		return in_array(strtolower($language), $accept);
	}

/**
 * Parse Accept* headers with qualifier options.
 *
 * Only qualifiers will be extracted, any other accept extensions will be
 * discarded as they are not frequently used.
 *
 * @param string $header Header to parse.
 * @return array
 */
	protected function _parseAcceptWithQualifier($header) {
		$accept = array();
		$header = explode(',', $header);
		foreach (array_filter($header) as $value) {
			$prefValue = '1.0';
			$value = trim($value);

			$semiPos = strpos($value, ';');
			if ($semiPos !== false) {
				$params = explode(';', $value);
				$value = trim($params[0]);
				foreach ($params as $param) {
					$qPos = strpos($param, 'q=');
					if ($qPos !== false) {
						$prefValue = substr($param, $qPos + 2);
					}
				}
			}

			if (!isset($accept[$prefValue])) {
				$accept[$prefValue] = array();
			}
			if ($prefValue) {
				$accept[$prefValue][] = $value;
			}
		}
		krsort($accept);
		return $accept;
	}

/**
 * Provides a read accessor for `$this->query`. Allows you
 * to use a syntax similar to `CakeSession` for reading URL query data.
 *
 * @param string $name Query string variable name
 * @return mixed The value being read
 */
	public function query($name) {
		return Hash::get($this->query, $name);
	}

/**
 * Provides a read/write accessor for `$this->data`. Allows you
 * to use a syntax similar to `Cake\Model\Datasource\Session` for reading post data.
 *
 * ### Reading values.
 *
 * `$request->data('Post.title');`
 *
 * When reading values you will get `null` for keys/values that do not exist.
 *
 * ### Writing values
 *
 * `$request->data('Post.title', 'New post!');`
 *
 * You can write to any value, even paths/keys that do not exist, and the arrays
 * will be created for you.
 *
 * @param string|null $name Dot separated name of the value to read/write
 * @return mixed|$this Either the value being read, or this so you can chain consecutive writes.
 */
	public function data($name = null) {
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) === 2) {
			$this->data = Hash::insert($this->data, $name, $args[1]);
			return $this;
		}
		if ($name !== null) {
			return Hash::get($this->data, $name);
		}
		return $this->data;
	}

/**
 * Safely access the values in $this->params.
 *
 * @param string $name The name of the parameter to get.
 * @return mixed The value of the provided parameter. Will
 *   return false if the parameter doesn't exist or is falsey.
 */
	public function param($name) {
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) === 2) {
			$this->params = Hash::insert($this->params, $name, $args[1]);
			return $this;
		}
		if (!isset($this->params[$name])) {
			return Hash::get($this->params, $name, false);
		}
		return $this->params[$name];
	}

/**
 * Read data from `php://input`. Useful when interacting with XML or JSON
 * request body content.
 *
 * Getting input with a decoding function:
 *
 * `$this->request->input('json_decode');`
 *
 * Getting input using a decoding function, and additional params:
 *
 * `$this->request->input('Xml::build', array('return' => 'DOMDocument'));`
 *
 * Any additional parameters are applied to the callback in the order they are given.
 *
 * @param string $callback A decoding callback that will convert the string data to another
 *     representation. Leave empty to access the raw input data. You can also
 *     supply additional parameters for the decoding callback using var args, see above.
 * @return string The decoded/processed request data.
 */
	public function input($callback = null) {
		$input = $this->_readInput();
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (!empty($args)) {
			$callback = array_shift($args);
			array_unshift($args, $input);
			return call_user_func_array($callback, $args);
		}
		return $input;
	}

/**
 * Read cookie data from the request's cookie data.
 *
 * @param string $key The key you want to read.
 * @return null|string Either the cookie value, or null if the value doesn't exist.
 */
	public function cookie($key) {
		if (isset($this->cookies[$key])) {
			return $this->cookies[$key];
		}
		return null;
	}

/**
 * Get/Set value from the request's environment data.
 * Fallback to using env() if key not set in $environment property.
 *
 * @param string $key The key you want to read/write from/to.
 * @param string $value Value to set. Default null.
 * @return null|string|\Cake\Network\Request Request instance if used as setter,
 *   if used as getter either the environment value, or null if the value doesn't exist.
 */
	public function env($key, $value = null) {
		if ($value !== null) {
			$this->_environment[$key] = $value;
			$this->clearDetectorCache();
			return $this;
		}

		$key = strtoupper($key);
		if (!array_key_exists($key, $this->_environment)) {
			$this->_environment[$key] = env($key);
		}
		return $this->_environment[$key];
	}

/**
 * Allow only certain HTTP request methods, if the request method does not match
 * a 405 error will be shown and the required "Allow" response header will be set.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * $this->request->allowMethod('post');
 * or
 * $this->request->allowMethod(['post', 'delete']);
 *
 * If the request would be GET, response header "Allow: POST, DELETE" will be set
 * and a 405 error will be returned.
 *
 * @param string|array $methods Allowed HTTP request methods.
 * @return bool true
 * @throws \Cake\Network\Exception\MethodNotAllowedException
 */
	public function allowMethod($methods) {
		$methods = (array)$methods;
		foreach ($methods as $method) {
			if ($this->is($method)) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		$allowed = strtoupper(implode(', ', $methods));
		$e = new MethodNotAllowedException();
		$e->responseHeader('Allow', $allowed);
		throw $e;
	}

/**
 * Read data from php://input, mocked in tests.
 *
 * @return string contents of php://input
 */
	protected function _readInput() {
		if (empty($this->_input)) {
			$fh = fopen('php://input', 'r');
			$content = stream_get_contents($fh);
			fclose($fh);
			$this->_input = $content;
		}
		return $this->_input;
	}

/**
 * Modify data originally from `php://input`. Useful for altering json/xml data
 * in middleware or DispatcherFilters before it gets to RequestHandlerComponent
 *
 * @param string $input A string to replace original parsed data from input()
 * @return void
 */
	public function setInput($input) {
		$this->_input = $input;
	}

/**
 * Array access read implementation
 *
 * @param string $name Name of the key being accessed.
 * @return mixed
 */
	public function offsetGet($name) {
		if (isset($this->params[$name])) {
			return $this->params[$name];
		}
		if ($name === 'url') {
			return $this->query;
		}
		if ($name === 'data') {
			return $this->data;
		}
		return null;
	}

/**
 * Array access write implementation
 *
 * @param string $name Name of the key being written
 * @param mixed $value The value being written.
 * @return void
 */
	public function offsetSet($name, $value) {
		$this->params[$name] = $value;
	}

/**
 * Array access isset() implementation
 *
 * @param string $name thing to check.
 * @return bool
 */
	public function offsetExists($name) {
		return isset($this->params[$name]);
	}

/**
 * Array access unset() implementation
 *
 * @param string $name Name to unset.
 * @return void
 */
	public function offsetUnset($name) {
		unset($this->params[$name]);
	}

}