initial draft, split from SSSO

.gitignore

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+*.ttl
+*.owl
+*.tmp

.gitmodules

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+[submodule "makespec"]
+	path = makespec
+	url = git@github.com:jakobib/makespec.git

Makefile

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+TITLE	= The Service Ontology
+AUTHOR	= Jakob Voß (VZG)
+
+NAME	= service
+GITHUB	= http://github.com/gbv/service/
+FORMATS	= ttl owl
+
+include makespec/Makefile

service.md

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+# Introduction
+
+The **Service Ontology** is a micro-ontology that defines the general concept
+of a service. The ontology is related to [GoodRelations Vocabulary], to
+[Schema.org Vocabulary], and to [DCMI Metadata Terms].
+
+## Status of this document
+
+This document and RDF serializations of the Service Ontology
+([**`service.ttl`**](service.ttl) in RDF/Turtle and 
+[**`service.owl`**](service.owl) in RDF/XML) are based on a source
+file written in Pandoc Markdown syntax, managed with 
+[makespec](http://jakobib.github.io/makespec/). Sources and updates are
+available at <http://github.com/gbv/service>.
+
+This is version {VERSION}, last modified at {GIT_REVISION_DATE} with revision
+{GIT_REVISION_HASH}.
+
+The current version of this ontology is a preliminary draft for open
+discussion. [Feedback](https://github.com/gbv/service/issues) is welcome!
+
+**Revision history**
+
+{GIT_CHANGES}
+
+## Namespaces and ontology
+
+The URI namespace of the Service Ontology is
+[http://purl.org/ontology/service#](http://purl.org/ontology/service#). The
+namespace prefix `service` is recommended. The URI of this ontology as a whole
+is <http://purl.org/ontology/service>.
+
+The following namespace prefixes are used to refer to related ontologies:
+
+    @prefix gr:      <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#> .
+    @prefix schema:  <http://schema.org/> .
+    @prefix owl:     <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+    @prefix rdfs:    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+    @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
+    @prefix dctype:  <http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/> .
+    @prefix vann:    <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
+    @prefix voaf:    <http://purl.org/vocommons/voaf#> .
+    @prefix foaf:    <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+    @prefix vs:      <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .
+    @prefix xsd:     <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+    @prefix cc:      <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
+
+The Service Ontology is defined in RDF/Turtle as following:
+
+    @prefix service: <http://purl.org/ontology/service#> .
+    @base            <http://purl.org/ontology/service> .
+
+    <> a owl:Ontology, voaf:Vocabulary ;
+        dcterms:title "Service Ontology"@en ;
+        vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "service" ;
+        vann:preferredNamespaceUri "http://purl.org/ontology/service#" ;
+        dcterms:description "A micro-ontology that defines the general concept of a service."@en ; 
+        dcterms:modified "{GIT_REVISION_DATE}"^^xsd:date ;
+        owl:versionInfo "{VERSION}" ;
+        cc:license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/> ;
+        dcterms:creator "Jakob Voß" 
+    .
+
+# Overview
+
+The following diagram illustrates the classes and properties defined in the
+Service Ontology:
+
+``` {.ditaa}
+
+     +-----------------+   provides     +---------------+   consumedBy   +-----------------+
+     | ServiceProvider |--------------->|               |--------------->| ServiceConsumer |
+     |                 |<---------------|               |<---------------|                 |
+     +-----------------+   providedBy   |               |   consumes     +-----------------+
+                                        |    Service    |
+   +-------------------+   limits       |               |   delay
+   | ServiceLimitation |--------------->|               |-------------> duration-or-time
+   |                   |<---------------|               |-------------> xsd:nonNegativeInteger
+   +-------------------+  limitedBy     |               |   queue
+                                        +---------------+
+```
+
+A [Service], as defined by the Service Ontology is typically provided by a
+[ServiceProvider] and/or consumed by a [ServiceConsumer]. Services may further
+be constraint by a [ServiceLimitation], by a [delay] and/or by the length of
+waiting [queue].
+
+# Classes
+
+## Service
+
+[Service]: #service
+
+A **service** is some action that is done for someone.
+
+Each instance of a Service is also an instance of [gr:ProductOrService] from
+[GoodRelations Vocabulary], [schema:Product] from [Schema.org Vocabulary] and
+of [dctype:Service] from the [DCMI Metadata Terms].
+
+    service:Service a owl:Class ;
+        rdfs:label "Service"@en ;
+        rdfs:subClassOf gr:ProductOrService, dctype:Service ;
+        rdfs:seeAlso schema:Product ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+A service can be connected to one or more [ServiceProvider] with property
+[providedBy] and to one or more [ServiceConsumer] with property [consumedBy].
+
+[dctype:Service]: http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#dcmitype-Service
+
+
+## ServiceProvider
+
+[ServiceProvider]: #serviceprovider
+
+A **service provider** is an entity that is responsible for providing a
+[Service].  Typical providers, such as organizations and people, are also
+instances of [foaf:Agent] and [gr:BusinessEntity] but the Service Ontology does
+not put any constraints on the nature of providers.
+
+    service:ServiceProvider a owl:Class ;
+        rdfs:label "ServiceProvider"@en ;
+        rdfs:seeAlso foaf:Agent, gr:BusinessEntity ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+## ServiceConsumer
+
+[ServiceConsumer]: #serviceconsumer
+
+A **service consumer** is an entity that requests or consumes a [Service].
+Typical consumers, such as organizations and people, are instances of
+[foaf:Agent] and [gr:BusinessEntity] but the Service Ontology does not put any
+constraints on the nature of consumers.
+
+    service:ServiceConsumer a owl:Class ;
+        rdfs:label "ServiceConsumer"@en ;
+        rdfs:seeAlso foaf:Agent, gr:BusinessEntity ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+## ServiceLimitation
+
+[ServiceLimitation]: #servicelimitation
+
+A **service limitation** is some obstacle that may limit the use of a
+[Service]. For instance the purchase of guns and drugs is limited to
+consumers with special permission. Another example is providing a different
+product or activity than originally requested. Services and limitations are
+connected to each other with properties [limits] and [limitedBy].
+
+    service:ServiceLimitation a owl:Class ;
+        rdfs:label "ServiceLimitation"@en ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+# Properties
+
+## provides
+
+[provides]: #provides
+
+Relates a [ServiceProvider] instance that **provides** a [Service]
+instance to this service.
+
+    service:provides a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "provides"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:ServiceProvider ;
+        rdfs:range service:Service ;
+        owl:inverseOf service:providedBy ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+The existence of a provides relationship between a [ServiceProvider] and a
+[Service] often implies the existence of an offer ([gr:Offering] and/or
+[schema:Offer]) but this implication is no mandatory part of the Service
+Ontology:
+
+```
+#   { ?p service:provides ?s } <=> 
+#   { ?p a gr:BusinessEntity ; 
+#        gr:offers [
+#          a gr:Offering , schema:Offer ;
+#          gr:includesObject ?s
+#       ]
+#   }
+```
+
+## providedBy
+
+[providedBy]: #providedBy
+
+Relates a [Service] instance that is **provided by** a [ServiceProvider]
+instance to this service provider.
+
+    service:providedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "providedBy"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:Service ;
+        rdfs:range service:ServiceProvider ;
+        owl:inverseOf service:provides ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+## consumes
+
+[consumes]: #consumes
+
+Relates a [ServiceConsumer] instance that **consumes** a [Service]
+instance to this service.
+
+    service:consumes a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "consumes"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:ServiceConsumer ;
+        rdfs:range service:Service ;
+        owl:inverseOf service:consumedBy ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+## consumedBy
+
+[consumedBy]: #consumedBy
+
+Relates a [Service] instance that is **consumed by** a [ServiceConsumer]
+instance to this service consumer.
+
+    service:consumedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "consumedBy"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:Service ;
+        rdfs:range service:ServiceConsumer ;
+        owl:inverseOf service:consumes ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+## limits
+
+[limits]: #limits
+
+Relates a [ServiceLimitation] instance that **limits** a [Service]
+instance to this service.
+
+    service:limits a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "limits"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:ServiceLimitation ;
+        rdfs:range service:Service ;
+        owl:inverseOf service:limitedBy ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+## limitedBy
+
+[limitedBy]: #limitedBy
+
+Relates a [Service] instance that is **limited by** a [ServiceLimitation]
+instance to this service limitation.
+
+    service:limitedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "limitedBy"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:Service ;
+        rdfs:range service:ServiceLimitation ;
+        owl:inverseOf service:limits ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+## delay
+
+[delay]: #delay
+
+This property can be used to specify an **estimated period of time or a date**
+when a delayed [Service] is expected to take place. Applications SHOULD
+use values in the range of [xsd:duration], [xsd:date], [xsd:dateTime], or the
+special value "unknown" to indicate a significant delay of unknown duration.
+The range may later be extended to a subset of Extended [Date/Time
+Format](http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) (EDTF).
+
+    service:delay a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "delay"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:Service ;
+        rdfs:seeAlso xsd:duration , xsd:date, xsd:dateTime ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+[xsd:dateTime]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime
+[xsd:date]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#date
+[xsd:duration]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#duration
+
+Applications SHOULD NOT use this property to specify the normal time of
+service. An example of a service with delay is a concert that starts at an
+official time (normal time) but there is a delay until band begins to play
+(delayed time).
+
+## queue
+
+[queue]: #queue
+
+This property can be used to indicate the **size of a waiting queue** for some
+[Service]. Its value MUST be a non-negative integer (0,1,2...).
+
+    service:queue a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+        rdfs:label "queue"@en ;
+        rdfs:domain service:Service ;
+        rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
+        rdfs:isDefinedBy <> .
+
+
+# References
+
+* S. Bradner: *Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels*.
+  RFC 2119, March 1997
+  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119>.
+
+* *Schema.org Vocabular*. 
+  <http://schema.org/>.
+
+* *GoodRelations Vocabulary*.
+  <http://purl.org/goodrelations/>.
+
+* *DCMI Metadata Terms*.
+  <http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/>.
+
+[Schema.org Vocabulary]: http://schema.org
+[GoodRelations Vocabulary]: http://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/
+[DCMI Metadata Terms]: http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
+
+[foaf:Agent]: http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Agent
+[gr:BusinessEntity]: http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#BusinessEntity
+[gr:Offering]: http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Offering
+[gr:ProductOrService]: http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#ProductOrService
+[gr:offers]: http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#offers
+[gr:seeks]: http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#seeks
+
+[schema:Product]: http://schema.org/Product
+[schema:Offer]: http://schema.org/Offer
+