MySQL driver for Ruby 1.9.1
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<h1>MySQL/Ruby</h1>
<p><a href="README_ja.html">[Japanese]</a></p>
<hr>
<p>
This is the <a href="http://www.mysql.com">MySQL</a> API module for Ruby.
It provides the same functions for Ruby programs that the MySQL C API provides for C programs.
</p>
<h2>Download</h2>
<a href="http://tmtm.org/downloads/mysql/ruby/">tmtm.org</a>
<h2>Requirement</h2>
<ul>
<li>MySQL 5.0.67
<li>Ruby 1.8.7, 1.9.1
</ul>
<p>
The module may work for other versions, but that has not been verified.
</p>
<h2>License</h2>
<p>
This program is under <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/LICENSE.txt">Ruby's license</a>.
</p>
<h2>Install</h2>
<p>
1st:
</p>
<pre class="code">
% ruby extconf.rb
</pre>
<p>
or
</p>
<pre class="code">
% ruby extconf.rb --with-mysql-dir=/usr/local/mysql
</pre>
<p>
or
</p>
<pre clas="code">
% ruby extconf.rb --with-mysql-config
</pre>
<p>
then
</p>
<pre>
% make
</pre>
<p>
extconf.rb has following options:
</p>
<dl>
<dt>--with-mysql-include=<i>dir</i>
<dd>
MySQL header file directory. Default is /usr/local/include.
<dt>--with-mysql-lib=<i>dir</i>
<dd>
MySQL library directory. Default is /usr/local/lib.
<dt>--with-mysql-dir=<i>dir</i>
<dd>
Same as --with-mysql-include=<i>dir</i>/include,
--with-mysql-lib=<i>dir</i>/lib.
<dt>--with-mysql-config[=<i>/path/to/mysql_config</i>]
<dd>
Get compile-parameter from mysql_config command.
</dl>
<p>
2nd:
</p>
<pre class="code">
% ruby ./test.rb -- [<i>hostname</i> [<i>user</i> [<i>passwd</i> [<i>dbname</i> [<i>port</i> [<i>socket</i> [<i>flag</i>]]]]]]]
</pre>
<p>
3rd:
</p>
<pre class="code">
# make install
</pre>
<h3>Note</h3>
<p>
If you get error like 'libmysqlclient not found' when testing,
you need to specify the directory in which the library is
located so that make can find it.
</p>
<pre class="code">
% env LD_RUN_PATH=<i>libmysqlclient.so directory</i> make
</pre>
<p>
test.rb is tested on Linux only.
</p>
<h2>Usage</h2>
<p>
The names of methods provided by this module basically are the
same as the names of the functions in the C API, except that the
Ruby method names do not begin with a 'mysql_' prefix. For
example, the Ruby query() method corresponds to the C API
mysql_query() function. For details on the use of each Ruby
method, see the descriptions of the corresponding C functions in
the MySQL Reference Manual.
</p>
<p>
Some Ruby methods may be invoked under other names that serve as
equivalent aliases, as noted below.
</p>
<p>
If an error occurs when a method executes, it raises a
Mysql::Error exception.
</p>
<h2>Mysql class</h2>
<h3>CLASS METHODS</h3>
<dl>
<dt>init()
<dd>
<p>
It return Mysql object. It not connect to mysqld.
</p>
<dt>real_connect(host=nil, user=nil, passwd=nil, db=nil, port=nil, sock=nil, flag=nil)
<dt>connect(host=nil, user=nil, passwd=nil, db=nil, port=nil, sock=nil, flag=nil)
<dt>new(host=nil, user=nil, passwd=nil, db=nil, port=nil, sock=nil, flag=nil)
<dd>
<p>
connect to mysqld and return Mysql object.
</p>
<dt>escape_string(str)
<dt>quote(str)
<dd>
<p>
quote string for insert/update.
</p>
<dt>get_client_info()
<dt>client_info()
<dd>
<p>
return client version information.
</p>
<dt>get_client_version()
<dt>client_version()
<dd>
<p>
return client version as number.
</p>
<dt>debug(str)
<dd>
<p>
same as C API mysql_debug().
</p>
</dl>
<h3>OBJECT METHODS</h3>
<dl>
<dt>options(opt, val=nil)
<dd>
<p>
same as C API mysql_options().
</p>
<dt>real_connect(host=nil, user=nil, passwd=nil, db=nil, port=nil, sock=nil, flag=nil)
<dt>connect(host=nil, user=nil, passwd=nil, db=nil, port=nil, sock=nil, flag=nil)
<dd>
<p>
same as Mysql.real_connect().
</p>
<dt>affected_rows()
<dd>
<p>
return affected rows.
</p>
<dt>autocommit(mode)
<dd>
<p>
set autocommit mode.
</p>
<dt>change_user(user=nil, passwd=nil, db=nil)
<dd>
<p>
change user.
</p>
<dt>character_set_name()
<dd>
<p>
return character set.
</p>
<dt>close()
<dd>
<p>
close connection.
</p>
<dt>commit()
<dd>
<p>
commit transaction.
</p>
<dt>create_db(db)
<dd>
<p>
create database.
</p>
<dt>drop_db(db)
<dd>
<p>
drop database.
</p>
<dt>dump_debug_info()
<dd>
<p>
same as C API mysql_dump_debug_info().
</p>
<dt>errno()
<dd>
<p>
return error number.
</p>
<dt>error()
<dd>
<p>
return error message.
</p>
<dt>escape_string(str)
<dt>quote(str)
<dd>
<p>
quote strings for insert/update.
same as C API mysql_real_escape_string().
</p>
<dt>field_count()
<dd>
<p>
return number of columns of last query.
</p>
<dt>get_client_info()
<dt>client_info()
<dd>
<p>
return client version information.
</p>
<dt>get_client_version()
<dt>client_version()
<dd>
<p>
return client version number.
</p>
<dt>get_host_info()
<dt>host_info()
<dd>
<p>
return connection information.
</p>
<dt>get_proto_info()
<dt>proto_info()
<dd>
<p>
return connection protocol version.
</p>
<dt>get_server_info()
<dt>server_info()
<dd>
<p>
return server version information.
</p>
<dt>get_server_version()
<dt>server_version()
<dd>
<p>
return server version number.
</p>
<dt>info()
<dd>
<p>
return information of last query.
</p>
<dt>insert_id()
<dd>
<p>
return last AUTO_INCREMENT value.
</p>
<dt>kill(id)
<dd>
<p>
kill thread.
</p>
<dt>list_dbs(db=nil)
<dd>
<p>
return database list.
</p>
<dt>list_fields(table, field=nil)
<dd>
<p>
return Mysql::Result object.
</p>
<dt>list_processes()
<dd>
<p>
return Mysql::Result object.
</p>
<dt>list_tables(table=nil)
<dd>
<p>
return table list Array.
</p>
<dt>more_results?()
<dd>
<p>
returns true if more results exist from the currently executed query.
</p>
<dt>next_result()
<dd>
<p>
returns true if more results exist from the currently executed query.
after this, you do store_result() to get result table of query.
</p>
<dt>ping()
<dd>
<p>
check server.
</p>
<dt>prepare(q)
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>query(q)
<dt>real_query(q)
<dd>
<p>
do query and store_result(). return Mysql::Result object.
If query_with_result is false, it does not store_result().
</p>
<dt>query(q) {|res| ...}
<dt>real_query(q) {|res| ...}
<dd>
<p>
do query and execute block with Mysql::Result object.
Mysql::Result object is freed when exiting block.
If multiple statement mode, it does repeat block each query.
</p>
<p>
Since MySQL/Ruby 2.8, it no longer turn on multiple statement mode automatically.
If you want to turn on multiple statement mode, set Mysql::CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS for Mysql.connect or execute Mysql#set_server_option(Mysql::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON).
</p>
<dt>refresh(r)
<dd>
<p>
flush server log or cache.
</p>
<dt>reload()
<dd>
<p>
reload access privilege table.
</p>
<dt>rollback()
<dd>
<p>
rollback transaction.
</p>
<dt>select_db(db)
<dd>
<p>
select database.
</p>
<dt>set_server_option(opt)
<dd>
<p>
set option to server.
options is one of Mysql::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON, Mysql::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_OFF.
</p>
<dt>shutdown()
<dd>
<p>
shutdown server.
</p>
<dt>ssl_set(key=nil, cert=nil, ca=nil, capath=nil, cipher=nil)
<dd>
<p>
use SSL.
</p>
<dt>stat()
<dd>
<p>
return server status.
</p>
<dt>stmt_init()
<dd>
<p>
return Mysql::Stmt class object.
</p>
<dt>store_result()
<dd>
<p>
return Mysql::Result object.
</p>
<dt>thread_id()
<dd>
<p>
retrun thread id.
</p>
<dt>use_result()
<dd>
<p>
return Mysql::Result object.
</p>
<dt>warning_count()
<dd>
<p>
return warning count last query.
</p>
</dl>
<h3>OBJECT VARIABLES</h3>
<dl>
<dt>query_with_result
<dd>
<p>
If true, query() also invokes store_result() and returns a
Mysql::Result object. Default is true.
</p>
<dt>reconnect
<dd>
<p>
If true, reconnect to server automatically when disconect to server.
Default is false.
</p>
</dl>
<h2>Mysql::Result class</h2>
<h3>OBJECT METHODS</h3>
<dl>
<dt>free()
<dd>
<p>
free memory of result table.
</p>
<dt>data_seek(offset)
<dd>
<p>
seek row.
</p>
<dt>fetch_field()
<dd>
<p>
return next Mysql::Field object.
</p>
<dt>fetch_fields()
<dd>
<p>
return Array of Mysql::Field object.
</p>
<dt>fetch_field_direct(fieldnr)
<dd>
<p>
return Mysql::Field object.
</p>
<dt>fetch_lengths()
<dd>
<p>
return Array of field length.
</p>
<dt>fetch_row()
<dd>
<p>
return row as Array.
</p>
<dt>fetch_hash(with_table=false)
<dd>
<p>
return row as Hash.
If with_table is true, hash key format is "tablename.fieldname".
</p>
<dt>field_seek(offset)
<dd>
<p>
seek field.
</p>
<dt>field_tell()
<dd>
<p>
return field position.
</p>
<dt>num_fields()
<dd>
<p>
return number of fields.
</p>
<dt>num_rows()
<dd>
<p>
return number of rows.
</p>
<dt>row_seek(offset)
<dd>
<p>
seek row.
</p>
<dt>row_tell()
<dd>
<p>
return row position.
</p>
</dl>
<h3>ITERATOR</h3>
<dl>
<dt>each() {|x| ...}
<dd>
<p>
'x' is array of column values.
</p>
<dt>each_hash(with_table=false) {|x| ...}
<dd>
<p>
'x' is hash of column values, and the keys are the column names.
</p>
</dl>
<h2>Mysql::Field class</h2>
<h3>OBJECT VARIABLES(read only)</h3>
<dl>
<dt>name<dd>field name
<dt>table<dd>table name
<dt>def<dd>default value
<dt>type<dd>field type
<dt>length<dd>field length
<dt>max_length<dd>max field length
<dt>flags<dd>field flag
<dt>decimals<dd>number of decimals
</dl>
<h3>OBJECT METHODS</h3>
<dl>
<dt>hash()
<dd>
<p>
return field as Hash.
</p>
<p>
ex.) obj.name == obj.hash['name']
</p>
<dt>is_not_null?()
<dd>
<p>
True if this field is defined as NOT NULL.
</p>
<dt>is_num?()
<dd>
<p>
True if this field type is numeric.
</p>
<dt>is_pri_key?()
<dd>
<p>
True if this field is a primary key.
</p>
<dt>inspect()
<dd>
<p>
return "#<Mysql::Field:fieldname>"
</p>
</dl>
<h2>Mysql::Stmt class</h2>
<p>
Example:
</p>
<pre class="code">
my = Mysql.new(hostname, username, password, databasename)
st = my.prepare("insert into tblname (col1,col2,col3) values (?,?,?)")
st.execute("abc",123,Time.now)
st.prepare("select col1,col2,col3 from tblname")
st.execute
st.fetch # => ["abc", 123, #<Mysql::Time:2005-07-24 23:52:55>]
st.close
</pre>
<h3>OBJECT METHODS</h3>
<dl>
<dt>affected_rows()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>bind_result(class, ...)
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>close()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>data_seek(offset)
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>execute(arg, ...)
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>fetch()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Type mapping:
</p>
<table>
<tr><th>MySQL type<th>Ruby class
<tr><td>TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, YEAR<td>Fixnum
<tr><td>INT, BIGINT<td>Fixnum or Bignum
<tr><td>FLOAT, DOUBLE<td>Float
<tr><td>DECIMAL<td>String
<tr><td>DATE, DATETIME, TIMESTAMP, TIME<td>Mysql::Time
<tr><td>CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT, TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT, MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT, LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT, ENUM, SET, BIT<td>String
<tr><td>NULL<td>NilClass
</table>
<dt>field_count()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>free_result()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>insert_id()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>num_rows()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>param_count()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>prepare(q)
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>result_metadata()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>row_seek(offset)
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>row_tell()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
<dt>sqlstate()
<dd>
<p>
</p>
</dl>
<h3>ITERATOR</h3>
<dl>
<dt>each() {|x| ...}
<dd>
<p>
</p>
</dl>
<h2>Mysql::Time class</h2>
<p>
</p>
<h3>CLASS METHODS</h3>
<dl>
<dt>new(year=0,month=0,day=0,hour=0,minute=0,second=0,neg=false,second_part=0)
<dd>
<p>
</p>
</dl>
<h3>OBJECT VARIABLES</h3>
<dl>
<dt>year
<dd>
<dt>month
<dd>
<dt>day
<dd>
<dt>hour
<dd>
<dt>minute
<dd>
<dt>second
<dd>
<dt>neg
<dd>
<dt>second_part
<dd>
</dl>
<h2>Mysql::Error class</h2>
<h3>OBJECT VARIABLES(read only)</h3>
<dl>
<dt>error
<dd>eror message
<dt>errno
<dd>error number
</dl>
<h2>History</h2>
<dl>
<dt>2009-02-01
<dd>
version 2.8.1<br>
<ul>
<li>correspond to Ruby 1.9.1
</ul>
<dt>2008-09-29
<dd>
version 2.8<br>
version 2.7.7
<ul>
<li>When connecting to MySQL, EINTR is occurred sometimes ([ruby-dev:31842])
<li>MySQL/Ruby 2.7.* can not be compiled on Ruby 1.8.5.
</ul>
<dt>2008-06-20
<dd>
version 2.8pre4<br>
<ul>
<li>[ruby-dev:35152]
</ul>
<dt>2008-06-17
<dd>
version 2.8pre3<br>
version 2.7.6
<ul>
<li>On 64bit machine, Mysql::Stmt#execute raise error on large numeric value(>= 2**30).
</ul>
<dt>2008-03-08
<dd>
version 2.8pre2<br>
version 2.7.5
<ul>
<li>On 64bit machine, Mysql::Stmt#fetch return invalid numeric value.
</ul>
<dt>2007-12-26
<dd>
version 2.8pre1
<ul>
<li>for Ruby 1.9.0
<li>Incompat: Mysql::Result#each_hash don't create column name string each row. it's shared.
<li>Incompat: Mysql#query with block no longer turn on multi-statements mode automatically.
</ul>
<dt>2007-08-22
<dd>
version 2.7.4
<ul>
<li>BUG: Mysql::Stmt#execute memory leak.
</ul>
<dt>2006-12-20
<dd>
version 2.7.3
<ul>
<li>BUG: Mysql#query with block is stopped when last query failed.
</ul>
<dt>2006-10-28
<dd>
version 2.7.2
<ul>
<li>BUG: Mysql::Stmt#result_metadata don't return nil. (Thanks to Hidetoshi)
<li>BUG: Mysql#close check mysql_errno.
<li>BUG: multistatement Mysql#query with block ignore error.
<li>extconf.rb for Visual C++. (Thanks to Shugo Maeda)
<li>support MySQL BIT type.
<li>add Mysql::Field::TYPE_BIT, TYPE_NEWDECIMAL.
</ul>
<dt>2006-06-04
<dd>
version 2.7.1
<ul>
<li>change free() to xfree(). To avoid crash on Windows. (Thanks Tobias Grimm)
</ul>
<dt>2005-08-22
<dd>
version 2.7
<ul>
<li>add constants for Mysql#options: Mysql::OPT_GUESS_CONNECTION, Mysql::OPT_USE_EMBEDDED_CONNECTION, Mysql::OPT_USE_REMOTE_CONNECTION, Mysql::SET_CLIENT_IP
<li>test.rb: for 4.0.x, 5.0.x
</ul>
<dt>2005-08-16
<dd>
version 2.7-beta3
<ul>
<li>add Mysql::Stmt#bind_result
</ul>
<dt>2005-08-02
<dd>
version 2.7-beta2
<ul>
<li>BUG: mysql.c.in: fetch_hash: nil value doesn't exist in hash. (Thanks Stefan Kaes)
<li>add constant Mysql::VERSION.
<li>add Mysql#prepare
</ul>
<dt>2005-07-24
<dd>
version 2.7-beta
<ul>
<li>add Mysql#stmt_init method
<li>add Mysql::Stmt, Mysql::Time, Mysql::RowOffset class
<li>add Mysql::Error#sqlstate method
<li>change offset value to Mysql::RowOffset object that is used by Mysql::Result#row_seek,row_tell
</ul>
<dt>2005-07-31
<dd>
version 2.6.3
<ul>
<li>add constant Mysql::VERSION.
</ul>
<dt>2005-07-26
<dd>
version 2.6.2
<ul>
<li>BUG: mysql.c.in: fetch_hash: nil value doesn't exist in hash. (Thanks Stefan Kaes)
</ul>
<dt>2005-06-28
<dd>
version 2.6.1
<ul>
<li>mysql.c.in: fix to compile error on MacOSX.
</ul>
<dt>2005-04-25
<dd>
version 2.6
<ul>
<li>add constants for Mysql#option():
Mysql::OPT_PROTOCOL, Mysql::OPT_READ_TIMEOUT,
Mysql::OPT_WRITE_TIMEOUT, Mysql::SET_CHARSET_DIR,
Mysql::SET_CHARSET_NAME, Mysql::SHARED_MEMORY_BASE_NAME,
Mysql::SECURE_AUTH
<li>add methods: Mysql#more_results?(), Mysql#next_result(),
Mysql#set_server_option(), Mysql#sqlstate()
<li>add constants for Mysql#connect():
Mysql::CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS, Mysql::CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS
<li>add constants for Mysql#set_server_option():
Mysql::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON,
Mysql::OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_OFF
<li>add Mysql#query() with block
<li>add Mysql#reconnect(), Mysql#reconnect=()
<li>When connection was closed, it don't try to reconnect by default.
</ul>
<dt>2005-02-12
<dd>
version 2.5.2
<ul>
<li>BUG: Mysql#connect make object to not close. (Thanks Andres Salomon)
</ul>
<dt>2004-09-20
<dd>
version 2.5.1
<ul>
<li>add Mysql#set_ssl().
</ul>
<dt>2004-08-31
<dd>
version 2.5
<ul>
<li>correspond to MySQL 4.1.x.
<li>change MysqlRes, MysqlField, MysqlError to Mysql::Result, Mysql::Field, Mysql::Error.
<li>add Mysql.client_version(), Mysql.get_client_version(),
Mysql#client_version(), Mysql#get_client_version(),
Mysql#server_version(), Mysql#get_server_version(),
Mysql#warning_count(), Mysql#commit(), Mysql#rollback(),
Mysql#autocommit().
<li>add Mysql::Field#is_not_null?(), Mysql::Field#is_pri_key?(),
Mysql::Field#is_num?().
<li>add MysqlField::TYPE_VAR_STRING.
</ul>
<dt>2003-08-10
<dd>
version 2.4.5
<ul>
<li>extconf.rb: correspond to MySQL 4.1.
<li>mysql.c.in: correspond to Ruby 1.8.
</ul>
<dt>2003-02-23
<dd>
version 2.4.4a
<ul>
<li>make extconf.rb to correspond to Ruby 1.8.0
</ul>
<dt>2003-01-29
<dd>
version 2.4.4
<ul>
<li>add Mysql::OPT_LOCAL_INFILE.
<li>add --with-mysql-config option to extconf.rb.
<li>extconf.rb automatically detect typical library.
</ul>
<dt>2003-01-05
<dd>
version 2.4.3c
<ul>
<li>modified English README. Thanks to Paul DuBois.
</ul>
<dt>2002-12-24
<dd>
version 2.4.3b
<ul>
<li>make extconf.rb to correspond to Ruby 1.6.8.
</ul>
<dt>2002-11-07
<dd>
version 2.4.3a
<ul>
<li>fix bug duplicating constant.
</ul>
<dt>2002-09-10
<dd>
version 2.4.3
<ul>
<li>for error number with prefix ER_ .
<li>get error constant from errmsg.h and mysqld_error.h automatically.
</ul>
<dt>2002-01-07
<dd>
version 2.4.2
<ul>
<li>for MySQL 4.0.
<li>change `uint' to `unsigned int' (for mswin).
</ul>
<dt>2001-12-02
<dd>
version 2.4.1
<ul>
<li>remove `extern' (for Cygiwn).
<li>change option of extconf.rb.
</ul>
<dt>2001-10-12
<dd>
version 2.4.0
<ul>
<li>for Ruby 1.7.
<li>add Mysql::debug(), Mysql#change_user(), Mysql#character_set_name(), Mysql#dump_debug_info().
</ul>
</dl>
<h2>Author</h2>
<p>
e-mail: TOMITA Masahiro <a href="mailto:tommy@tmtm.org">tommy@tmtm.org</a>
<a href="http://tmtm.org">http://tmtm.org</a>
</p>
<hr>
<address><a href="mailto:tommy@tmtm.org">TOMITA Masahiro</a></address>
<!-- Created: Sun Aug 29 11:52:09 JST 2004 -->
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Last modified: Sun Feb 1 17:40:49 JST 2009
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