[9.x] Fix job delay override + data_get() improvement to deal with closures

[bert-w]

Fix for #46568 and an improvement for #46505. Minor changes have been added for all queue drivers (Database, SQS, Redis, Beanstalkd) so a $delay property can be passed.

I would say this still is an issue on the basis of:

$job = new MyTestJob;
$job->delay(now()->addMinute());
Queue::push($job);

The code sample above should delay the job obviously (which before it didnt). Setting public $delay = 60; in some job class should now always make sure the job is delayed 60 seconds (unless you override it using Queue::later(30, new MyTestJob)) which imho is also expected behaviour.

Trace/Explanation: Everything goes through the Illuminate\Queue::enqueueUsing(...) which in turn calls the $callback which is its fifth argument. This callback differs per queue driver and has a $queue param.

[taylorotwell]

We never document delaying queued jobs this way or say that it will work.