Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, and Bing are constantly trying to view your website... but they don't execute javascript. That's why Prerender was built. Prerendering is useful for AngularJS SEO, BackboneJS SEO, EmberJS SEO, and any other javascript framework.
Behind the scenes, Prerender is a node server forked from prerender.io that uses headless chrome to create static HTML out of a javascript page. Netlify hosts this as a service which you can configure in our UI to work automatically with your page.
Prerender adheres to google's _escaped_fragment_ proposal, which we recommend you use. It's straightforward:
- add <meta name="fragment" content="!"> to the <head> of all of your pages
- If you use hash urls (#), change them to the hash-bang (#!)
- Turn on prerendering in the Netlify Build & Deploy Settings
- That's it! Perfect SEO on javascript pages.
This is a simple service that only takes a url and returns the rendered HTML (with all script tags removed).
Note: you should proxy the request through your server (using middleware) so that any relative links to CSS/images/etc still work. If you don't, you'll see the relative links fail but the HTML output will still be useful for debugging purposes.
If you are trying to test Prerender with your website on localhost, you'll have to run the Prerender server locally so that Prerender can access your local dev website.
$ git clone https://github.com/netlify/prerender.git
$ cd prerender
$ npm install
$ npm start
Prerender will now be running on http://localhost:3000 and you can test your page (deployed on netlify or elsewhere!) using links like this:
http://localhost:3000/https://www.netlify.com/pricing
You will see debug output in the shell you're running the service in that may help you in debugging why rendering isn't working as you're expecting.
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
workers: 1
});
server.start();
The number of Prerender workers that you'd like to start. We suggest 1 per CPU on your machine. Default: os.cpus().length
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
iterations: 40
});
server.start();
The number of pages Prerender should render before restarting the worker. WARNING: Will restart Prerender mid-request if two requests are in flight, causing a 504 response to be sent.
Shutting Prerender down reclaims memory to ensure good performance. You can also set the environment variable of NUM_ITERATIONS instead of passing in the iterations parameter. Default: 40
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
softIterations: 5
});
server.start();
The number of pages Prerender should render before restarting the worker. This option counts the number of requests in flight and only restarts the worker if no requests are in flight. If you constantly have more than 1 request in flight, this won't restart the server.
Shutting Prerender down reclaims memory to ensure good performance. You can also set the environment variable of NUM_SOFT_ITERATIONS instead of passing in the softIterations parameter. Default: 30
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
cookiesEnabled: true
});
server.start();
If Prerender should use Cookies. You can also set the environment variable of COOKIES_ENABLED instead of passing in the cookiesEnabled parameter. Default: false
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
logRequests: true
});
server.start();
Causes the Prerender server to print out every request made represented by a + and every response received represented by a -. Lets you analyze page load times. Default: false
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
pageDoneCheckTimeout: 300
});
server.start();
Number of milliseconds between the interval of checking whether the page is done loading or not. You can also set the environment variable of PAGE_DONE_CHECK_TIMEOUT instead of passing in the pageDoneCheckTimeout parameter. Default: 300
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
resourceDownloadTimeout: 10000
});
server.start();
Number of milliseconds to wait while downloading the page, waiting for all pending requests/ajax calls to complete before timing out and continuing on. Time out condition does not cause an error, it just moves on to the javascript execution stage. You can also set the environment variable of RESOURCE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT instead of passing in the resourceDownloadTimeout parameter. Default: 10000
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
waitAfterLastRequest: 500
});
server.start();
Number of milliseconds to wait after the number of requests/ajax calls in flight reaches zero. Javascript execution begins after this in order to pull the HTML off of the page. You can also set the environment variable of WAIT_AFTER_LAST_REQUEST instead of passing in the waitAfterLastRequest parameter. Default: 500
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
jsTimeout: 10000
});
server.start();
Number of milliseconds to continue trying to pull the HTML off of the page using javascript before timing out. Once the timeout is hit, Prerender returns a 200 response with the last HTML that it was able to pull off of the page. You can also set the environment variable of JS_TIMEOUT instead of passing in the jsTimeout parameter. Default: 10000
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
jsCheckTimeout: 300
});
server.start();
Number of milliseconds between the interval of checking whether the javascript timeout has been reached or not. You can also set the environment variable of JS_CHECK_TIMEOUT instead of passing in the jsCheckTimeout parameter. Default: 300
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
noJsExecutionTimeout: 3000
});
server.start();
Number of milliseconds to wait while not being able to execute javascript before determining that the Prerender server hasn't been able to execute javascript, usually due to a webpage not giving up control of the JS execution thread (infinite loop). You can also set the environment variable of NO_JS_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT instead of passing in the noJsExecutionTimeout parameter. Default: 3000
var prerender = require('./lib');
var server = prerender({
evaluateJavascriptCheckTimeout: 300
});
server.start();
Number of milliseconds between executing the javascript on the webpage to pull off the HTML. Pulling off the HTML only happens multiple times when window.prerenderReady is set to false. You can also set the environment variable of EVALUATE_JAVASCRIPT_CHECK_TIMEOUT instead of passing in the evaluateJavascriptCheckTimeout parameter. Default: 300
We use a plugin system in the same way that Connect and Express use middleware. Our plugins are a little different and we don't want to confuse the prerender plugins with the prerender middleware, so we opted to call them "plugins".
Plugins are in the lib/plugins directory, and add functionality to the prerender service.
Each plugin can implement any of the plugin methods:
####init()
####beforePhantomRequest(req, res, next)
####onPhantomPageCreate(phantom, req, res, next)
####afterPhantomRequest(req, res, next)
####beforeSend(req, res, next)
You can enable the plugins in server.js by uncommenting the corresponding lines.
If you want to only allow access to your Prerender server from authorized parties, enable the basic auth plugin.
You will need to add the BASIC_AUTH environment variable. This is a CSV of username:password pairs:
export BASIC_AUTH=u1:p1,u1:p2,u2:p3
Then make sure to pass the basic authentication headers.
curl -u prerender:wrong http://localhost:1337/http://example.com -> 401
curl -u u1:p2 http://localhost:1337/http://example.com -> 200
# or if you want to explicitly set the header
echo -n "u1:p2" | base64
# dTE6cDI=
curl -H "Authorization: Basic dTE6cDI=" http://localhost:1337/http://example.com
We remove script tags because we don't want any framework specific routing/rendering to happen on the rendered HTML once it's executed by the crawler. The crawlers may not execute javascript, but we'd rather be safe than have something get screwed up.
For example, if you rendered the HTML of an angular page but left the angular scripts in there, your browser would try to execute the angular routing and rendering on a page that no longer has any angular bindings.
This plugin implements the beforeSend funtion, therefore cached HTML pages still contain scripts tags until they get served.
If your Javascript routing has a catch-all for things like 404's, you can tell the prerender service to serve a 404 to google instead of a 200. This way, google won't index your 404's.
Add these tags in the <head> of your page if you want to serve soft http headers. Note: Prerender will still send the HTML of the page. This just modifies the status code and headers being sent.
Example: telling prerender to server this page as a 404
<meta name="prerender-status-code" content="404">Example: telling prerender to serve this page as a 302 redirect
<meta name="prerender-status-code" content="302">
<meta name="prerender-header" content="Location: http://www.google.com">If you only want to allow requests to a certain domain, use this plugin to cause a 404 for any other domains.
You can add the whitelisted domains to the plugin itself, or use the ALLOWED_DOMAINS environment variable.
export ALLOWED_DOMAINS=www.prerender.io,prerender.io
If you want to disallow requests to a certain domain, use this plugin to cause a 404 for the domains.
You can add the blacklisted domains to the plugin itself, or use the BLACKLISTED_DOMAINS environment variable.
export BLACKLISTED_DOMAINS=yahoo.com,www.google.com
A GET request will check S3 for a cached copy. If a cached copy is found, it will return that. Otherwise, it will make the request to your server and then persist the HTML to the S3 cache.
A POST request will skip the S3 cache. It will make a request to your server and then persist the HTML to the S3 cache. The POST is meant to update the cache.
You'll need to sign up with Amazon Web Services and export these 3 environment variables.
$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<aws access key>
$ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<aws secret access key>
$ export S3_BUCKET_NAME=<bucket name>
Warning! Your keys should be kept private and you'll be charged for all files uploaded to S3.
If Prerender is hosted on a EC2 instance, you can also take advantage of IAM instance roles so that you don't need to export your AWS credentials.
You can also export the S3_PREFIX_KEY variable so that the key (which is by default the complete requested URL) is prefixed. This is useful if you want to organize the snapshots in the same bucket.
By default, s3HtmlCache works with the US Standard region (East), if your bucket is localized in another region you can config it with an environment variable : AWS_REGION.
$ export AWS_REGION=<region name>
For example :
$ export AWS_REGION=eu-west-1
Note The in memory cache is per process so if you have multiple Prerender workers then they do not share a cache. For higher traffic websites, use a common cache like redis.
An in memory cache but you can easily change it to any caching system compatible with the cache-manager nodejs package.
For example, with the request:
GET http://service.prerender.io/https://www.facebook.com/
First time: Overall Elapsed: 00:00:03.3174661
With cache: Overall Elapsed: 00:00:00.0360119
This will show console.log's from the phantomjs page in your local console. Great for debugging.
Caches pages in a MongoDB database. Available at prerender-mongodb-cache by @lammertw
Caches pages in a memjs(memcache) service. Available at prerender-memjs-cache by @lammertw
Caches pages in a levelDB database. Available at prerender-level-cache by @maxlath
Create access log file for prerendered requests. Available at prerender-access-log by @unDemian
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2013 Todd Hooper <todd@prerender.io>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.