Merge the prerequisites for on-by-default XSS escaping into rails.

This consists of:

* String#html_safe! a method to mark a string as 'safe'
* ActionView::SafeBuffer a string subclass which escapes anything unsafe which is concatenated to it
* Calls to String#html_safe! throughout the rails helpers
* a 'raw' helper which lets you concatenate trusted HTML from non-safety-aware sources (e.g. presantized strings in the DB)

Note, this does *not* give you on-by-default XSS escaping in 2.3 applications.  To get that you'll need to install a plugin:

http://github.com/nzkoz/rails_xss

actionpack/lib/action_view.rb

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ def self.load_all!
   autoload :TemplateHandler, 'action_view/template_handler'
   autoload :TemplateHandlers, 'action_view/template_handlers'
   autoload :Helpers, 'action_view/helpers'
+  autoload :SafeBuffer, 'action_view/safe_buffer'
 end
 
-class ERB
-  autoload :Util, 'action_view/erb/util'
-end
+require 'action_view/erb/util'
+
 
 I18n.load_path << "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/action_view/locale/en.yml"

actionpack/lib/action_view/erb/util.rb

@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ def html_escape(s)
       s.to_s.gsub(/[&"><]/) { |special| HTML_ESCAPE[special] }
     end
 
+    alias h html_escape
+
+    module_function :html_escape
+    module_function :h
+
     # A utility method for escaping HTML entities in JSON strings.
     # This method is also aliased as <tt>j</tt>.
     #

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers.rb

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ module Helpers #:nodoc:
     autoload :JavaScriptHelper, 'action_view/helpers/javascript_helper'
     autoload :NumberHelper, 'action_view/helpers/number_helper'
     autoload :PrototypeHelper, 'action_view/helpers/prototype_helper'
+    autoload :RawOutputHelper, 'action_view/helpers/raw_output_helper'
     autoload :RecordIdentificationHelper, 'action_view/helpers/record_identification_helper'
     autoload :RecordTagHelper, 'action_view/helpers/record_tag_helper'
     autoload :SanitizeHelper, 'action_view/helpers/sanitize_helper'
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ module ClassMethods
     include JavaScriptHelper
     include NumberHelper
     include PrototypeHelper
+    include RawOutputHelper
     include RecordIdentificationHelper
     include RecordTagHelper
     include SanitizeHelper

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/active_record_helper.rb

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ def to_time_select_tag(options = {}, html_options = {})
       end
 
       def error_wrapping(html_tag, has_error)
-        has_error ? Base.field_error_proc.call(html_tag, self) : html_tag
+        has_error ? Base.field_error_proc.call(html_tag, self).html_safe! : html_tag
       end
 
       def error_message

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb

@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def javascript_include_tag(*sources)
           end
           javascript_src_tag(joined_javascript_name, options)
         else
-          expand_javascript_sources(sources, recursive).collect { |source| javascript_src_tag(source, options) }.join("\n")
+          expand_javascript_sources(sources, recursive).collect { |source| javascript_src_tag(source, options) }.join("\n").html_safe!
         end
       end
 
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ def stylesheet_link_tag(*sources)
           end
           stylesheet_tag(joined_stylesheet_name, options)
         else
-          expand_stylesheet_sources(sources, recursive).collect { |source| stylesheet_tag(source, options) }.join("\n")
+          expand_stylesheet_sources(sources, recursive).collect { |source| stylesheet_tag(source, options) }.join("\n").html_safe!
         end
       end
 

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/capture_helper.rb

@@ -118,13 +118,13 @@ def capture(*args, &block)
       def content_for(name, content = nil, &block)
         ivar = "@content_for_#{name}"
         content = capture(&block) if block_given?
-        instance_variable_set(ivar, "#{instance_variable_get(ivar)}#{content}")
+        instance_variable_set(ivar, "#{instance_variable_get(ivar)}#{content}".html_safe!)
         nil
       end
 
       # Use an alternate output buffer for the duration of the block.
       # Defaults to a new empty string.
-      def with_output_buffer(buf = '') #:nodoc:
+      def with_output_buffer(buf = "") #:nodoc:
         self.output_buffer, old_buffer = buf, output_buffer
         yield
         output_buffer

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/date_helper.rb

@@ -916,15 +916,15 @@ def separator(type)
 
     class InstanceTag #:nodoc:
       def to_date_select_tag(options = {}, html_options = {})
-        datetime_selector(options, html_options).select_date
+        datetime_selector(options, html_options).select_date.html_safe!
       end
 
       def to_time_select_tag(options = {}, html_options = {})
-        datetime_selector(options, html_options).select_time
+        datetime_selector(options, html_options).select_time.html_safe!
       end
 
       def to_datetime_select_tag(options = {}, html_options = {})
-        datetime_selector(options, html_options).select_datetime
+        datetime_selector(options, html_options).select_datetime.html_safe!
       end
 
       private

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ def form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *args, &proc)
 
         concat(form_tag(options.delete(:url) || {}, options.delete(:html) || {}))
         fields_for(object_name, *(args << options), &proc)
-        concat('</form>')
+        concat('</form>'.html_safe!)
       end
 
       def apply_form_for_options!(object_or_array, options) #:nodoc:
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ def to_check_box_tag(options = {}, checked_value = "1", unchecked_value = "0")
         add_default_name_and_id(options)
         hidden = tag("input", "name" => options["name"], "type" => "hidden", "value" => options['disabled'] && checked ? checked_value : unchecked_value)
         checkbox = tag("input", options)
-        hidden + checkbox
+        (hidden + checkbox).html_safe!
       end
 
       def to_boolean_select_tag(options = {})

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ def options_for_select(container, selected = nil)
           options << %(<option value="#{html_escape(value.to_s)}"#{selected_attribute}#{disabled_attribute}>#{html_escape(text.to_s)}</option>)
         end
 
-        options_for_select.join("\n")
+        options_for_select.join("\n").html_safe!
       end
 
       # Returns a string of option tags that have been compiled by iterating over the +collection+ and assigning the

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_tag_helper.rb

@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ def field_set_tag(legend = nil, options = nil, &block)
         concat(tag(:fieldset, options, true))
         concat(content_tag(:legend, legend)) unless legend.blank?
         concat(content)
-        concat("</fieldset>")
+        concat("</fieldset>".html_safe!)
       end
 
       private
@@ -459,14 +459,14 @@ def extra_tags_for_form(html_options)
 
         def form_tag_html(html_options)
           extra_tags = extra_tags_for_form(html_options)
-          tag(:form, html_options, true) + extra_tags
+          (tag(:form, html_options, true) + extra_tags).html_safe!
         end
 
         def form_tag_in_block(html_options, &block)
           content = capture(&block)
           concat(form_tag_html(html_options))
           concat(content)
-          concat("</form>")
+          concat("</form>".html_safe!)
         end
 
         def token_tag

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/prototype_helper.rb

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ def remote_form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *args, &proc)
 
         concat(form_remote_tag(options))
         fields_for(object_name, *(args << options), &proc)
-        concat('</form>')
+        concat('</form>'.html_safe!)
       end
       alias_method :form_remote_for, :remote_form_for
 

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/raw_output_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module ActionView #:nodoc:
+  module Helpers #:nodoc:
+    module RawOutputHelper
+      def raw(stringish)
+        stringish.to_s.html_safe!
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/sanitize_helper.rb

@@ -49,7 +49,11 @@ module SanitizeHelper
       # confuse browsers.
       #
       def sanitize(html, options = {})
-        self.class.white_list_sanitizer.sanitize(html, options)
+        returning self.class.white_list_sanitizer.sanitize(html, options) do |sanitized|
+          if sanitized
+            sanitized.html_safe!
+          end
+        end
       end
 
       # Sanitizes a block of CSS code. Used by +sanitize+ when it comes across a style attribute.
@@ -72,7 +76,11 @@ def sanitize_css(style)
       #   strip_tags("<div id='top-bar'>Welcome to my website!</div>")
       #   # => Welcome to my website!
       def strip_tags(html)
-        self.class.full_sanitizer.sanitize(html)
+        returning self.class.full_sanitizer.sanitize(html) do |sanitized|
+          if sanitized
+            sanitized.html_safe!
+          end
+        end
       end
 
       # Strips all link tags from +text+ leaving just the link text.

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/tag_helper.rb

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module TagHelper
       #   tag("img", { :src => "open & shut.png" }, false, false)
       #   # => <img src="open &amp; shut.png" />
       def tag(name, options = nil, open = false, escape = true)
-        "<#{name}#{tag_options(options, escape) if options}#{open ? ">" : " />"}"
+        "<#{name}#{tag_options(options, escape) if options}#{open ? ">" : " />"}".html_safe!
       end
 
       # Returns an HTML block tag of type +name+ surrounding the +content+. Add
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def content_tag(name, content_or_options_with_block = nil, options = nil, escape
       #   cdata_section(File.read("hello_world.txt"))
       #   # => <![CDATA[<hello from a text file]]>
       def cdata_section(content)
-        "<![CDATA[#{content}]]>"
+        "<![CDATA[#{content}]]>".html_safe!
       end
 
       # Returns an escaped version of +html+ without affecting existing escaped entities.
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def block_called_from_erb?(block)
 
         def content_tag_string(name, content, options, escape = true)
           tag_options = tag_options(options, escape) if options
-          "<#{name}#{tag_options}>#{content}</#{name}>"
+          "<#{name}#{tag_options}>#{content}</#{name}>".html_safe!
         end
 
         def tag_options(options, escape = true)
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def tag_options(options, escape = true)
             else
               attrs = options.map { |key, value| %(#{key}="#{value}") }
             end
-            " #{attrs.sort * ' '}" unless attrs.empty?
+            " #{attrs.sort * ' '}".html_safe! unless attrs.empty?
           end
         end
     end

actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ def link_to(*args, &block)
         if block_given?
           options      = args.first || {}
           html_options = args.second
-          concat(link_to(capture(&block), options, html_options))
+          concat(link_to(capture(&block), options, html_options).html_safe!)
         else
           name         = args.first
           options      = args.second || {}
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def link_to(*args, &block)
           end
 
           href_attr = "href=\"#{url}\"" unless href
-          "<a #{href_attr}#{tag_options}>#{name || url}</a>"
+          "<a #{href_attr}#{tag_options}>#{name || url}</a>".html_safe!
         end
       end
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ def button_to(name, options = {}, html_options = {})
         html_options.merge!("type" => "submit", "value" => name)
 
         "<form method=\"#{form_method}\" action=\"#{escape_once url}\" class=\"button-to\"><div>" +
-          method_tag + tag("input", html_options) + request_token_tag + "</div></form>"
+          method_tag + tag("input", html_options) + request_token_tag + "</div></form>".html_safe!
       end
 
 

actionpack/lib/action_view/partials.rb

@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ def render_partial_collection(options = {}) #:nodoc:
           result = template.render_partial(self, object, local_assigns.dup, as)
           index += 1
           result
-        end.join(spacer)
+        end.join(spacer).html_safe!
       end
 
       def _pick_partial_template(partial_path) #:nodoc:

actionpack/lib/action_view/safe_buffer.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+module ActionView #:nodoc:
+  class SafeBuffer < String
+    def <<(value)
+      if value.html_safe?
+        super(value)
+      else
+        super(ERB::Util.h(value))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def concat(value)
+      self << value
+    end
+
+    def html_safe?
+      true
+    end
+
+    def html_safe!
+      self
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      self
+    end
+  end
+end

actionpack/test/template/asset_tag_helper_test.rb

@@ -164,6 +164,11 @@ def test_javascript_include_tag_with_given_asset_id
     assert_dom_equal(%(<script src="/javascripts/prototype.js?1" type="text/javascript"></script>\n<script src="/javascripts/effects.js?1" type="text/javascript"></script>\n<script src="/javascripts/dragdrop.js?1" type="text/javascript"></script>\n<script src="/javascripts/controls.js?1" type="text/javascript"></script>\n<script src="/javascripts/application.js?1" type="text/javascript"></script>), javascript_include_tag(:defaults))
   end
 
+  def test_javascript_include_tag_is_html_safe
+    assert javascript_include_tag(:defaults).html_safe?
+    assert javascript_include_tag("prototype").html_safe?
+  end
+
   def test_register_javascript_include_default
     ENV["RAILS_ASSET_ID"] = ""
     ActionView::Helpers::AssetTagHelper::register_javascript_include_default 'slider'
@@ -206,6 +211,13 @@ def test_stylesheet_link_tag
     StyleLinkToTag.each { |method, tag| assert_dom_equal(tag, eval(method)) }
   end
 
+  def test_stylesheet_link_tag_is_html_safe
+    ENV["RAILS_ASSET_ID"] = ""
+    assert stylesheet_link_tag('dir/file').html_safe?
+    assert stylesheet_link_tag('dir/other/file', 'dir/file2').html_safe?
+    assert stylesheet_tag('dir/file', {}).html_safe?
+  end
+
   def test_custom_stylesheet_expansions
     ActionView::Helpers::AssetTagHelper::register_stylesheet_expansion :monkey => ["head", "body", "tail"]
     assert_dom_equal  %(<link href="/stylesheets/first.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />\n<link href="/stylesheets/head.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />\n<link href="/stylesheets/body.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />\n<link href="/stylesheets/tail.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />\n<link href="/stylesheets/last.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />), stylesheet_link_tag('first', :monkey, 'last')

actionpack/test/template/form_helper_test.rb

@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ class LabelledFormBuilder < ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder
     (field_helpers - %w(hidden_field)).each do |selector|
       src = <<-END_SRC
         def #{selector}(field, *args, &proc)
-          "<label for='\#{field}'>\#{field.to_s.humanize}:</label> " + super + "<br/>"
+          ("<label for='\#{field}'>\#{field.to_s.humanize}:</label> " + super + "<br/>").html_safe!
         end
       END_SRC
       class_eval src, __FILE__, __LINE__

actionpack/test/template/raw_output_helper_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'testing_sandbox'
+
+class RawOutputHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
+  tests ActionView::Helpers::RawOutputHelper
+  include TestingSandbox
+
+  def setup
+    @string = "hello"
+  end
+
+  test "raw returns the safe string" do
+    result = raw(@string)
+    assert_equal @string, result
+    assert result.html_safe?
+  end
+
+  test "raw handles nil values correctly" do
+    assert_equal "", raw(nil)
+  end
+end

actionpack/test/template/sanitize_helper_test.rb

@@ -39,7 +39,16 @@ def test_strip_tags
     %{This is a test.\n\n\nIt no longer contains any HTML.\n}, strip_tags(
     %{<title>This is <b>a <a href="" target="_blank">test</a></b>.</title>\n\n<!-- it has a comment -->\n\n<p>It no <b>longer <strong>contains <em>any <strike>HTML</strike></em>.</strong></b></p>\n}))
     assert_equal "This has a  here.", strip_tags("This has a <!-- comment --> here.")
-    [nil, '', '   '].each { |blank| assert_equal blank, strip_tags(blank) }
+    [nil, '', '   '].each do |blank|
+      stripped = strip_tags(blank)
+      assert_equal blank, stripped
+      assert stripped.html_safe? unless blank.nil?
+    end
+    assert strip_tags("<script>").html_safe?
+  end
+
+  def test_sanitize_is_marked_safe
+    assert sanitize("<html><script></script></html>").html_safe?
   end
 
   def assert_sanitized(text, expected = nil)

actionpack/test/template/tag_helper_test.rb

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ def test_tag_options_converts_boolean_option
 
   def test_content_tag
     assert_equal "<a href=\"create\">Create</a>", content_tag("a", "Create", "href" => "create")
+    assert content_tag("a", "Create", "href" => "create").html_safe?
     assert_equal content_tag("a", "Create", "href" => "create"),
                  content_tag("a", "Create", :href => "create")
   end