[Instrumentation.ConfluentKafka] rethrow exception on consume and process

[vhatsura]

Fixes #2843

Changes

Rethrow exception on ConsumeAndProcessMessageAsync extension message

Merge requirement checklist

• CONTRIBUTING guidelines followed (license requirements, nullable enabled, static analysis, etc.)
• Unit tests added/updated
• Appropriate CHANGELOG.md files updated for non-trivial changes
• Changes in public API reviewed (if applicable)

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: vhatsura / name: Vadim Hatsura (f139d29, 5283d1d)
• ✅ login: Kielek / name: Piotr Kiełkowicz (a8226f9)

[Kielek]

@g7ed6e, could you please check?

[g7ed6e]

Thanks @vhatsura

[Kielek]

@vhatsura, could you please add entry to the appriopriate CHANGELOG.md

[vhatsura]

@vhatsura, could you please add entry to the appriopriate CHANGELOG.md

@Kielek, done

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 14.10%. Comparing base (71655ce) to head (a8226f9).
Report is 896 commits behind head on main.

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...luentKafka/OpenTelemetryConsumeResultExtensions.cs	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2847       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   73.91%   14.10%   -59.82%     
===========================================
  Files         267       17      -250     
  Lines        9615      631     -8984     
===========================================
- Hits         7107       89     -7018     
+ Misses       2508      542     -1966     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests-Instrumentation.ConfluentKafka	14.10% <0.00%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...luentKafka/OpenTelemetryConsumeResultExtensions.cs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 277 files with indirect coverage changes

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