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| express-brute | ||
| ============= | ||
| [](http://badge.fury.io/js/express-brute) | ||
| [](http://badge.fury.io/js/express-brute) | ||
| [](https://travis-ci.org/AdamPflug/express-brute) | ||
| [](http://coveralls.io/github/AdamPflug/express-brute?branch=master) | ||
| [](https://david-dm.org/adampflug/express-brute) | ||
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| A brute-force protection middleware for express routes that rate-limits incoming requests, increasing the delay with each request in a fibonacci-like sequence. | ||
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| Installation | ||
| ------------ | ||
| via npm: | ||
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| $ npm install express-brute | ||
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| A Simple Example | ||
| ---------------- | ||
| ``` js | ||
| var ExpressBrute = require('express-brute'); | ||
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| var store = new ExpressBrute.MemoryStore(); // stores state locally, don't use this in production | ||
| var bruteforce = new ExpressBrute(store); | ||
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| app.post('/auth', | ||
| bruteforce.prevent, // error 429 if we hit this route too often | ||
| function (req, res, next) { | ||
| res.send('Success!'); | ||
| } | ||
| ); | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Classes | ||
| ------- | ||
| ### ExpressBrute(store, options) | ||
| - `store` An instance of `ExpressBrute.MemoryStore` or some other ExpressBrute store (see a list of known stores below). | ||
| - `options` | ||
| - `freeRetries` The number of retries the user has before they need to start waiting (default: 2) | ||
| - `minWait` The initial wait time (in milliseconds) after the user runs out of retries (default: 500 milliseconds) | ||
| - `maxWait` The maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) between requests the user needs to wait (default: 15 minutes). The wait for a given request is determined by adding the time the user needed to wait for the previous two requests. | ||
| - `lifetime` The length of time (in seconds since the last request) to remember the number of requests that have been made by an IP. By default it will be set to `maxWait * the number of attempts before you hit maxWait` to discourage simply waiting for the lifetime to expire before resuming an attack. With default values this is about 6 hours. | ||
| - `failCallback` Gets called with (`req`, `resp`, `next`, `nextValidRequestDate`) when a request is rejected (default: ExpressBrute.FailForbidden) | ||
| - `attachResetToRequest` Specify whether or not a simplified reset method should be attached at `req.brute.reset`. The simplified method takes only a callback, and resets all `ExpressBrute` middleware that was called on the current request. If multiple instances of `ExpressBrute` have middleware on the same request, only those with `attachResetToRequest` set to true will be reset (default: true) | ||
| - `refreshTimeoutOnRequest` Defines whether the `lifetime` counts from the time of the last request that ExpressBrute didn't prevent for a given IP (true) or from of that IP's first request (false). Useful for allowing limits over fixed periods of time, for example: a limited number of requests per day. (Default: true). [More info](https://github.com/AdamPflug/express-brute/issues/14) | ||
| - `handleStoreError` Gets called whenever an error occurs with the persistent store from which ExpressBrute cannot recover. It is passed an object containing the properties `message` (a description of the message), `parent` (the error raised by the session store), and [`key`, `ip`] or [`req`, `res`, `next`] depending on whether or the error occurs during `reset` or in the middleware itself. | ||
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| ### ExpressBrute.MemoryStore() | ||
| An in-memory store for persisting request counts. Don't use this in production, instead choose one of the more robust store implementations listed below. | ||
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| `ExpressBrute` Instance Methods | ||
| ------------------------------- | ||
| - `prevent(req, res, next)` Middleware that will bounce requests that happen faster than | ||
| the current wait time by calling `failCallback`. Equivilent to `getMiddleware(null)` | ||
| - `getMiddleware(options)` Generates middleware that will bounce requests with the same `key` and IP address | ||
| that happen faster than the current wait time by calling `failCallback`. | ||
| Also attaches a function at `req.brute.reset` that can be called to reset the | ||
| counter for the current ip and key. This functions as the `reset` instance method, | ||
| but without the need to explicitly pass the `ip` and `key` paramters | ||
| - `key` can be a string or alternatively it can be a `function(req, res, next)` | ||
| that calls `next`, passing a string as the first parameter. | ||
| - `failCallback` Allows you to override the value of `failCallback` for this middleware | ||
| - `ignoreIP` Disregard IP address when matching requests if set to `true`. Defaults to `false`. | ||
| - `reset(ip, key, next)` Resets the wait time between requests back to its initial value. You can pass `null` | ||
| for `key` if you want to reset a request protected by `prevent`. | ||
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| Built-in Failure Callbacks | ||
| --------------------------- | ||
| There are some built-in callbacks that come with BruteExpress that handle some common use cases. | ||
| - `ExpressBrute.FailTooManyRequests` Terminates the request and responses with a 429 (Too Many Requests) error that has a `Retry-After` header and a JSON error message. | ||
| - `ExpressBrute.FailForbidden` Terminates the request and responds with a 403 (Forbidden) error that has a `Retry-After` header and a JSON error message. This is provided for compatibility with ExpressBrute versions prior to v0.5.0, for new users `FailTooManyRequests` is the preferred behavior. | ||
| - `ExpressBrute.FailMark` Sets res.nextValidRequestDate, the Retry-After header and the res.status=429, then calls next() to pass the request on to the appropriate routes. | ||
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| `ExpressBrute` stores | ||
| --------------------- | ||
| There are a number adapters that have been written to allow ExpressBrute to be used with different persistent storage implementations, some of the ones I know about include: | ||
| - [Memcached](https://github.com/AdamPflug/express-brute-memcached) | ||
| - [Redis](https://github.com/AdamPflug/express-brute-redis) | ||
| - [MongoDB](https://github.com/auth0/express-brute-mongo) | ||
| - [Mongoose](https://github.com/cbargren/express-brute-mongoose) | ||
| - [Sequelize (SQL)](https://github.com/maddy2get/express-brute-sequelize) | ||
| - [Knex.js (SQL)](https://github.com/llambda/brute-knex) | ||
| - [RethinkDB](https://github.com/llambda/brute-rethinkdb) | ||
| - [Loki.js](https://github.com/Requarks/express-brute-loki) | ||
| - [nedb](https://github.com/natsukagami/express-brute-nedb) | ||
| - [PostgreSQL](https://github.com/dmfay/express-brute-pg) | ||
| - [Couchbase](https://github.com/kvaillant/express-brute-couchbase) | ||
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| If you write your own store and want me to add it to the list, just drop me an [email](mailto:adam.pflug@gmail.com) or [create an issue](https://github.com/AdamPflug/express-brute/issues/new). | ||
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| A More Complex Example | ||
| ---------------------- | ||
| ``` js | ||
| require('connect-flash'); | ||
| var ExpressBrute = require('express-brute'), | ||
| MemcachedStore = require('express-brute-memcached'), | ||
| moment = require('moment'), | ||
| store; | ||
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| if (config.environment == 'development'){ | ||
| store = new ExpressBrute.MemoryStore(); // stores state locally, don't use this in production | ||
| } else { | ||
| // stores state with memcached | ||
| store = new MemcachedStore(['127.0.0.1'], { | ||
| prefix: 'NoConflicts' | ||
| }); | ||
| } | ||
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| var failCallback = function (req, res, next, nextValidRequestDate) { | ||
| req.flash('error', "You've made too many failed attempts in a short period of time, please try again "+moment(nextValidRequestDate).fromNow()); | ||
| res.redirect('/login'); // brute force protection triggered, send them back to the login page | ||
| }; | ||
| var handleStoreError = function (error) { | ||
| log.error(error); // log this error so we can figure out what went wrong | ||
| // cause node to exit, hopefully restarting the process fixes the problem | ||
| throw { | ||
| message: error.message, | ||
| parent: error.parent | ||
| }; | ||
| } | ||
| // Start slowing requests after 5 failed attempts to do something for the same user | ||
| var userBruteforce = new ExpressBrute(store, { | ||
| freeRetries: 5, | ||
| minWait: 5*60*1000, // 5 minutes | ||
| maxWait: 60*60*1000, // 1 hour, | ||
| failCallback: failCallback, | ||
| handleStoreError: handleStoreError | ||
| }); | ||
| // No more than 1000 login attempts per day per IP | ||
| var globalBruteforce = new ExpressBrute(store, { | ||
| freeRetries: 1000, | ||
| attachResetToRequest: false, | ||
| refreshTimeoutOnRequest: false, | ||
| minWait: 25*60*60*1000, // 1 day 1 hour (should never reach this wait time) | ||
| maxWait: 25*60*60*1000, // 1 day 1 hour (should never reach this wait time) | ||
| lifetime: 24*60*60, // 1 day (seconds not milliseconds) | ||
| failCallback: failCallback, | ||
| handleStoreError: handleStoreError | ||
| }); | ||
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| app.set('trust proxy', 1); // Don't set to "true", it's not secure. Make sure it matches your environment | ||
| app.post('/auth', | ||
| globalBruteforce.prevent, | ||
| userBruteforce.getMiddleware({ | ||
| key: function(req, res, next) { | ||
| // prevent too many attempts for the same username | ||
| next(req.body.username); | ||
| } | ||
| }), | ||
| function (req, res, next) { | ||
| if (User.isValidLogin(req.body.username, req.body.password)) { // omitted for the sake of conciseness | ||
| // reset the failure counter so next time they log in they get 5 tries again before the delays kick in | ||
| req.brute.reset(function () { | ||
| res.redirect('/'); // logged in, send them to the home page | ||
| }); | ||
| } else { | ||
| res.flash('error', "Invalid username or password") | ||
| res.redirect('/login'); // bad username/password, send them back to the login page | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ); | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Behind a Proxy | ||
| -------------- | ||
| If your application is behind a proxy (Apache, Nginx) you should not forget set the **trust proxy** param on your Express application. | ||
| ``` | ||
| app.set('trust proxy', 1); | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Changelog | ||
| --------- | ||
| ### v1.0.1 | ||
| * BUG: Fixed an edge case where freeretries weren't being respected if app servers had slightly different times | ||
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| ### v1.0.0 | ||
| * NEW: Updated to use `Express` 4.x as a peer dependency. | ||
| * REMOVED: `proxyDepth` option on `ExpressBrute` has been removed. Use `app.set('trust proxy', x)` from Express 4 instead. [More Info](http://expressjs.com/en/guide/behind-proxies.html) | ||
| * REMOVED: `getIPFromRequest(req)` has been removed from instances, use `req.ip` instead. | ||
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| ### v0.6.0 | ||
| * NEW: Added new ignoreIP option. (Thanks [Magnitus-](https://github.com/Magnitus-)!) | ||
| * CHANGED: `.reset` callbacks are now always called asyncronously, regardless of the implementation of the store (particularly effects `MemoryStore`). | ||
| * CHANGED: Unit tests have been converted from Jasmine to Mocha/Chai/Sinon | ||
| * BUG: Fixed a crash when .reset was called without a callback function | ||
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| ### v0.5.3 | ||
| * NEW: Added the `handleStoreError` option to allow more customizable handling of errors that are thrown by the persistent store. Default behavior is to throw the errors as an exception - there is nothing ExpressBrute can do to recover. | ||
| * CHANGED: Errors thrown as a result of errors raised by the store now include the store's error as well, for debugging purposes. | ||
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| ### v0.5.2 | ||
| * CHANGED: Stopped using res.send(status, body), as it is deprecated in express 4.x. Instead call res.status and res.send separately (Thanks marinewater!) | ||
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| ### v0.5.1 | ||
| * BUG: When setting proxyDepth to 1, ips is never populated with proxied X-Forwarded-For IP. | ||
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| ### v0.5.0 | ||
| * NEW: Added an additional `FailTooManyRequests` failure callback, that returns a 429 (TooManyRequests) error instead of 403 (Forbidden). This is a more accurate error status code. | ||
| * NEW: All the built in failure callbacks now set the "Retry-After" header to the number of seconds until it is safe to try again. Per [RFC6585](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585#section-4) | ||
| * NEW: Documentation updated to list some known store implementations. | ||
| * CHANGED: Default failure callback is now `FailTooManyRequests`. `FailForbidden` remains an option for backwards compatiblity. | ||
| * CHANGED: ExpressBrute.MemcachedStore is no longer included by default, and is now available as a separate module (because there are multiple store options it doesn't really make sense to include one by default). | ||
| * CHANGED: `FailMark` no longer sets returns 403 Forbidden, instead does 429 TooManyRequets. | ||
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| ### v0.4.2 | ||
| * BUG: In some cases when no callbacks were supplied memcached would drop the request. Ensure that memcached always sees a callback even if ExpressBrute isn't given one. | ||
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| ### v0.4.1 | ||
| * NEW: `refreshTimeoutOnRequest` option that allows you to prevent the remaining `lifetime` for a timer from being reset on each request (useful for implementing limits for set time frames, e.g. requests per day) | ||
| * BUG: Lifetimes were not previously getting extended properly for instances of `ExpressBrute.MemoryStore` | ||
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| ### v0.4.0 | ||
| * NEW: `attachResetToRequest` parameter that lets you prevent the request object being decorated | ||
| * NEW: `failCallback` can be overriden by `getMiddleware` | ||
| * NEW: `proxyDepth` option on `ExpressBrute` that specifies how many levels of the `X-Forwarded-For` header to trust (inspired by [express-bouncer](https://github.com/dkrutsko/express-bouncer/)). | ||
| * NEW: `getIPFromRequest` method that essentially allows `reset` to used in a similar ways as in v0.2.2. This also respects the new `proxyDepth` setting. | ||
| * CHANGED: `getMiddleware` now takes an options object instead of the key directly. | ||
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| ### v0.3.0 | ||
| * NEW: Support for using custom keys to group requests further (e.g. grouping login requests by username) | ||
| * NEW: Support for middleware from multiple instances of `ExpressBrute` on the same route. | ||
| * NEW: Tracking `lifetime` now has a reasonable default derived from the other settings for that instance of `ExpressBrute` | ||
| * NEW: Keys are now hashed before saving to a store, to prevent really long key names and reduce the possibility of collisions. | ||
| * NEW: There is now a convience method that gets attached to `req` object as `req.brute.reset`. It takes a single parameter (a callback), and will reset all the counters used by `ExpressBrute` middleware that was called for the current route. | ||
| * CHANGED: Tracking `lifetime` is now specified on `ExpressBrute` instead of `MemcachedStore`. This also means lifetime is now supported by MemoryStore. | ||
| * CHANGED: The function signature for `ExpressBrute.reset` has changed. It now requires an IP and key be passed instead of a request object. | ||
| * IMPROVED: Efficiency for large values of `freeRetries`. | ||
| * BUG: Removed a small chance of incorrectly triggering brute force protection. |