nist.go

// Copyright 2022 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package ecdh

import (
	"crypto/internal/boring"
	"crypto/internal/nistec"
	"crypto/internal/randutil"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"math/bits"
)

type nistCurve[Point nistPoint[Point]] struct {
	name        string
	newPoint    func() Point
	scalarOrder []byte
}

// nistPoint is a generic constraint for the nistec Point types.
type nistPoint[T any] interface {
	Bytes() []byte
	BytesX() ([]byte, error)
	SetBytes([]byte) (T, error)
	ScalarMult(T, []byte) (T, error)
	ScalarBaseMult([]byte) (T, error)
}

func (c *nistCurve[Point]) String() string {
	return c.name
}

var errInvalidPrivateKey = errors.New("crypto/ecdh: invalid private key")

func (c *nistCurve[Point]) GenerateKey(rand io.Reader) (*PrivateKey, error) {
	if boring.Enabled && rand == boring.RandReader {
		key, bytes, err := boring.GenerateKeyECDH(c.name)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return newBoringPrivateKey(c, key, bytes)
	}

	key := make([]byte, len(c.scalarOrder))
	randutil.MaybeReadByte(rand)
	for {
		if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand, key); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// Mask off any excess bits if the size of the underlying field is not a
		// whole number of bytes, which is only the case for P-521. We use a
		// pointer to the scalarOrder field because comparing generic and
		// instantiated types is not supported.
		if &c.scalarOrder[0] == &p521Order[0] {
			key[0] &= 0b0000_0001
		}

		// In tests, rand will return all zeros and NewPrivateKey will reject
		// the zero key as it generates the identity as a public key. This also
		// makes this function consistent with crypto/elliptic.GenerateKey.
		key[1] ^= 0x42

		k, err := c.NewPrivateKey(key)
		if err == errInvalidPrivateKey {
			continue
		}
		return k, err
	}
}

func (c *nistCurve[Point]) NewPrivateKey(key []byte) (*PrivateKey, error) {
	if len(key) != len(c.scalarOrder) {
		return nil, errors.New("crypto/ecdh: invalid private key size")
	}
	if isZero(key) || !isLess(key, c.scalarOrder) {
		return nil, errInvalidPrivateKey
	}
	if boring.Enabled {
		bk, err := boring.NewPrivateKeyECDH(c.name, key)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return newBoringPrivateKey(c, bk, key)
	}
	k := &PrivateKey{
		curve:      c,
		privateKey: append([]byte{}, key...),
	}
	return k, nil
}

func newBoringPrivateKey(c Curve, bk *boring.PrivateKeyECDH, privateKey []byte) (*PrivateKey, error) {
	k := &PrivateKey{
		curve:      c,
		boring:     bk,
		privateKey: append([]byte(nil), privateKey...),
	}
	return k, nil
}

func (c *nistCurve[Point]) privateKeyToPublicKey(key *PrivateKey) *PublicKey {
	boring.Unreachable()
	if key.curve != c {
		panic("crypto/ecdh: internal error: converting the wrong key type")
	}
	p, err := c.newPoint().ScalarBaseMult(key.privateKey)
	if err != nil {
		// This is unreachable because the only error condition of
		// ScalarBaseMult is if the input is not the right size.
		panic("crypto/ecdh: internal error: nistec ScalarBaseMult failed for a fixed-size input")
	}
	publicKey := p.Bytes()
	if len(publicKey) == 1 {
		// The encoding of the identity is a single 0x00 byte. This is
		// unreachable because the only scalar that generates the identity is
		// zero, which is rejected by NewPrivateKey.
		panic("crypto/ecdh: internal error: nistec ScalarBaseMult returned the identity")
	}
	return &PublicKey{
		curve:     key.curve,
		publicKey: publicKey,
	}
}

// isZero returns whether a is all zeroes in constant time.
func isZero(a []byte) bool {
	var acc byte
	for _, b := range a {
		acc |= b
	}
	return acc == 0
}

// isLess returns whether a < b, where a and b are big-endian buffers of the
// same length and shorter than 72 bytes.
func isLess(a, b []byte) bool {
	if len(a) != len(b) {
		panic("crypto/ecdh: internal error: mismatched isLess inputs")
	}

	// Copy the values into a fixed-size preallocated little-endian buffer.
	// 72 bytes is enough for every scalar in this package, and having a fixed
	// size lets us avoid heap allocations.
	if len(a) > 72 {
		panic("crypto/ecdh: internal error: isLess input too large")
	}
	bufA, bufB := make([]byte, 72), make([]byte, 72)
	for i := range a {
		bufA[i], bufB[i] = a[len(a)-i-1], b[len(b)-i-1]
	}

	// Perform a subtraction with borrow.
	var borrow uint64
	for i := 0; i < len(bufA); i += 8 {
		limbA, limbB := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(bufA[i:]), binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(bufB[i:])
		_, borrow = bits.Sub64(limbA, limbB, borrow)
	}

	// If there is a borrow at the end of the operation, then a < b.
	return borrow == 1
}

func (c *nistCurve[Point]) NewPublicKey(key []byte) (*PublicKey, error) {
	// Reject the point at infinity and compressed encodings.
	if len(key) == 0 || key[0] != 4 {
		return nil, errors.New("crypto/ecdh: invalid public key")
	}
	k := &PublicKey{
		curve:     c,
		publicKey: append([]byte{}, key...),
	}
	if boring.Enabled {
		bk, err := boring.NewPublicKeyECDH(c.name, k.publicKey)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		k.boring = bk
	} else {
		// SetBytes also checks that the point is on the curve.
		if _, err := c.newPoint().SetBytes(key); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return k, nil
}

func (c *nistCurve[Point]) ecdh(local *PrivateKey, remote *PublicKey) ([]byte, error) {
	// Note that this function can't return an error, as NewPublicKey rejects
	// invalid points and the point at infinity, and NewPrivateKey rejects
	// invalid scalars and the zero value. BytesX returns an error for the point
	// at infinity, but in a prime order group such as the NIST curves that can
	// only be the result of a scalar multiplication if one of the inputs is the
	// zero scalar or the point at infinity.

	if boring.Enabled {
		return boring.ECDH(local.boring, remote.boring)
	}

	boring.Unreachable()
	p, err := c.newPoint().SetBytes(remote.publicKey)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if _, err := p.ScalarMult(p, local.privateKey); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return p.BytesX()
}

// P256 returns a Curve which implements NIST P-256 (FIPS 186-3, section D.2.3),
// also known as secp256r1 or prime256v1.
//
// Multiple invocations of this function will return the same value, which can
// be used for equality checks and switch statements.
func P256() Curve { return p256 }

var p256 = &nistCurve[*nistec.P256Point]{
	name:        "P-256",
	newPoint:    nistec.NewP256Point,
	scalarOrder: p256Order,
}

var p256Order = []byte{
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
	0xbc, 0xe6, 0xfa, 0xad, 0xa7, 0x17, 0x9e, 0x84,
	0xf3, 0xb9, 0xca, 0xc2, 0xfc, 0x63, 0x25, 0x51}

// P384 returns a Curve which implements NIST P-384 (FIPS 186-3, section D.2.4),
// also known as secp384r1.
//
// Multiple invocations of this function will return the same value, which can
// be used for equality checks and switch statements.
func P384() Curve { return p384 }

var p384 = &nistCurve[*nistec.P384Point]{
	name:        "P-384",
	newPoint:    nistec.NewP384Point,
	scalarOrder: p384Order,
}

var p384Order = []byte{
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
	0xc7, 0x63, 0x4d, 0x81, 0xf4, 0x37, 0x2d, 0xdf,
	0x58, 0x1a, 0x0d, 0xb2, 0x48, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x7a,
	0xec, 0xec, 0x19, 0x6a, 0xcc, 0xc5, 0x29, 0x73}

// P521 returns a Curve which implements NIST P-521 (FIPS 186-3, section D.2.5),
// also known as secp521r1.
//
// Multiple invocations of this function will return the same value, which can
// be used for equality checks and switch statements.
func P521() Curve { return p521 }

var p521 = &nistCurve[*nistec.P521Point]{
	name:        "P-521",
	newPoint:    nistec.NewP521Point,
	scalarOrder: p521Order,
}

var p521Order = []byte{0x01, 0xff,
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
	0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa,
	0x51, 0x86, 0x87, 0x83, 0xbf, 0x2f, 0x96, 0x6b,
	0x7f, 0xcc, 0x01, 0x48, 0xf7, 0x09, 0xa5, 0xd0,
	0x3b, 0xb5, 0xc9, 0xb8, 0x89, 0x9c, 0x47, 0xae,
	0xbb, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x1e, 0x91, 0x38, 0x64, 0x09}