[Docs] add practice documents for PolarDB

docs/.vuepress/configs/navbar/zh.ts

@@ -116,6 +116,42 @@ export const zh: NavbarConfig = [
       },
     ],
   },
+  {
+    text: "应用实践",
+    link: "/zh/practice/",
+    children: [
+      {
+        text: "最佳实践",
+        children: [
+          "/zh/practice/brin.html",
+          "/zh/practice/spgist.html",
+          "/zh/practice/vector.html",
+          "/zh/practice/parray.html",
+          "/zh/practice/gin.html",
+          "/zh/practice/rum.html",
+          "/zh/practice/bloom.html",
+          "/zh/practice/pg_trgm.html",
+          "/zh/practice/age.html",
+          "/zh/practice/madlib.html",
+          "/zh/practice/pg_jieba.html",
+          "/zh/practice/rb.html",
+          "/zh/practice/hll.html",
+          "/zh/practice/imgsmlr.html",
+          "/zh/practice/similarity.html",
+          "/zh/practice/smlar.html",
+          "/zh/practice/rdkit.html",
+          "/zh/practice/tsdb.html",
+          "/zh/practice/postgis.html",
+          "/zh/practice/postgis_1.html",
+          "/zh/practice/postgis_2.html",
+          "/zh/practice/pgrouting.html",
+          "/zh/practice/pointcloud.html",
+          "/zh/practice/pgcat.html",
+          "/zh/practice/pgpool.html",
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+  },
   {
     text: "上手开发",
     link: "/zh/development/",

docs/zh/practice/age.md

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+---
+author: digoal
+date: 2023/02/03
+minute: 15
+---
+
+# 刑侦、社交、风控、族谱、推荐等业务图式搜索实践
+
+<ArticleInfo :frontmatter=$frontmatter></ArticleInfo>
+
+## 背景
+
+PolarDB 的云原生存算分离架构, 具备低廉的数据存储、高效扩展弹性、高速多机并行计算能力、高速数据搜索和处理; PolarDB 与计算算法结合, 将实现双剑合璧, 推动业务数据的价值产出, 将数据变成生产力.
+
+本文将介绍 PolarDB 结合图式算法插件 age, 实现高效率的刑侦、社交、风控、族谱、推荐等业务图谱类关系数据搜索.
+
+## age 是什么
+
+https://age.apache.org/age-manual/master/intro/overview.html
+
+Apache AGE is a PostgreSQL extension that provides graph database functionality. AGE is an acronym for A Graph Extension, and is inspired by Bitnine’s fork of PostgreSQL 10, AgensGraph, which is a multi-model database. The goal of the project is to create single storage that can handle both relational and graph model data so that users can use standard ANSI SQL along with openCypher, the Graph query language.
+
+age 是一个支持图式数据和搜索的多模数据库插件.
+
+## 将 age 整合到 PolarDB
+
+https://age.apache.org/age-manual/master/intro/setup.html  
+https://age.apache.org/download  
+https://github.com/apache/age  
+https://github.com/apache/age/tree/release/1.1.0
+
+1、下载最新分支并安装
+
+```
+git clone --branch release/1.1.0 --depth 1 https://github.com/apache/age
+
+cd age
+
+git branch
+* release/1.1.0
+
+which pg_config
+~/tmp_basedir_polardb_pg_1100_bld/bin/pg_config
+```
+
+2、修复代码错误, 原因是 RTE 解析未兼容.
+
+```
+USE_PGXS=1 PG_CONFIG=~/tmp_basedir_polardb_pg_1100_bld/bin/pg_config make
+
+报错如下:
+src/backend/parser/cypher_analyze.c: In function ‘convert_cypher_walker’:
+src/backend/parser/cypher_analyze.c:178:17: error: ‘QTW_EXAMINE_RTES’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_AFTER’?
+  178 |         flags = QTW_EXAMINE_RTES | QTW_IGNORE_RT_SUBQUERIES |
+      |                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+      |                 QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_AFTER
+src/backend/parser/cypher_analyze.c:178:17: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
+make: *** [<builtin>: src/backend/parser/cypher_analyze.o] Error 1
+```
+
+原因如下：
+
+https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=18c0da88a5d9da566c3bfac444366b73bd0b57da
+
+```
+Split QTW_EXAMINE_RTES flag into QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_BEFORE/_AFTER.
+
+This change allows callers of query_tree_walker() to choose whether
+to visit an RTE before or after visiting the contents of the RTE
+(i.e., prefix or postfix tree order).  All existing users of
+QTW_EXAMINE_RTES want the QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_BEFORE behavior, but
+an upcoming patch will want QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_AFTER, and it seems
+like a potentially useful change on its own.
+
+Andreas Karlsson (extracted from CTE inlining patch)
+
+Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/8810.1542402910@sss.pgh.pa.us
+```
+
+https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=blobdiff;f=src/include/nodes/nodeFuncs.h;h=a9f76bbb330a3a271363be317fd8caea3e09fe7d;hp=7739600db26e55628778d93d1e2a3833d90954d9;hb=18c0da88a5d9da566c3bfac444366b73bd0b57da;hpb=ff750ce2d82979e9588c629955e161a9379b05f3
+
+```
+-#define QTW_EXAMINE_RTES           0x10    /* examine RTEs */
+-#define QTW_DONT_COPY_QUERY            0x20    /* do not copy top Query */
++#define QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_BEFORE        0x10    /* examine RTE nodes before their
++                                            * contents */
++#define QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_AFTER     0x20    /* examine RTE nodes after their
++                                            * contents */
++#define QTW_DONT_COPY_QUERY            0x40    /* do not copy top Query */
+```
+
+修复如下:
+
+```
+cd age
+vi src/backend/parser/cypher_analyze.c
+
+
+        /*
+         * QTW_EXAMINE_RTES
+         *     We convert RTE_FUNCTION (cypher()) to RTE_SUBQUERY (SELECT)
+         *     in-place.
+         *
+         * QTW_IGNORE_RT_SUBQUERIES
+         *     After the conversion, we don't need to traverse the resulting
+         *     RTE_SUBQUERY. However, we need to traverse other RTE_SUBQUERYs.
+         *     This is done manually by the RTE_SUBQUERY case above.
+         *
+         * QTW_IGNORE_JOINALIASES
+         *     We are not interested in this.
+         */
+        // flags = QTW_EXAMINE_RTES | QTW_IGNORE_RT_SUBQUERIES |
+        flags = QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_BEFORE | QTW_IGNORE_RT_SUBQUERIES |
+                QTW_IGNORE_JOINALIASES;
+```
+
+以上参考 12 分支:
+
+https://github.com/apache/age/blob/release/PG12/1.1.0/src/backend/parser/cypher_analyze.c
+
+```
+        /*
+         * QTW_EXAMINE_RTES
+         *     We convert RTE_FUNCTION (cypher()) to RTE_SUBQUERY (SELECT)
+         *     in-place.
+         *
+         * QTW_IGNORE_RT_SUBQUERIES
+         *     After the conversion, we don't need to traverse the resulting
+         *     RTE_SUBQUERY. However, we need to traverse other RTE_SUBQUERYs.
+         *     This is done manually by the RTE_SUBQUERY case above.
+         *
+         * QTW_IGNORE_JOINALIASES
+         *     We are not interested in this.
+         */
+        flags = QTW_EXAMINE_RTES_BEFORE | QTW_IGNORE_RT_SUBQUERIES |
+                QTW_IGNORE_JOINALIASES;
+```
+
+修复后继续安装即可
+
+```
+USE_PGXS=1 PG_CONFIG=~/tmp_basedir_polardb_pg_1100_bld/bin/pg_config make
+USE_PGXS=1 PG_CONFIG=~/tmp_basedir_polardb_pg_1100_bld/bin/pg_config make install
+```
+
+3、使用 age
+
+```
+postgres=# LOAD 'age';
+LOAD
+postgres=# SET search_path = ag_catalog, "$user", public;
+SET
+
+-- 以上也可以根据需要配置到数据库参数postgresql.conf 中, 即自动加载age:
+-- #shared_preload_libraries = ''  # (change requires restart)
+-- #local_preload_libraries = ''
+-- #session_preload_libraries = ''
+-- #search_path = '"$user", public'        # schema names
+
+postgres=# create extension age ;
+CREATE EXTENSION
+```
+
+4、一些图式查询语法例子
+
+```
+postgres=# SELECT * FROM ag_catalog.create_graph('graph_name');
+NOTICE:  graph "graph_name" has been created
+ create_graph
+--------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT *
+postgres-# FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$#     RETURN 1
+postgres$# $$) AS (int_result agtype);
+ int_result
+------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT *
+postgres-# FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$#     WITH [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] as lst
+postgres$#     RETURN lst
+postgres$# $$) AS (lst agtype);
+                lst
+------------------------------------
+ [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT *
+postgres-# FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$#     WITH {listKey: [{inner: 'Map1'}, {inner: 'Map2'}], mapKey: {i: 0}} as m
+postgres$#     RETURN m.listKey[0]
+postgres$# $$) AS (m agtype);
+         m
+-------------------
+ {"inner": "Map1"}
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT *
+postgres-# FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$# WITH {id: 0, label: "label_name", properties: {i: 0}}::vertex as v
+postgres$# RETURN v
+postgres$# $$) AS (v agtype);
+                                v
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"id": 0, "label": "label_name", "properties": {"i": 0}}::vertex
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT *
+postgres-# FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$# WITH {id: 2, start_id: 0, end_id: 1, label: "label_name", properties: {i: 0}}::edge as e
+postgres$# RETURN e
+postgres$# $$) AS (e agtype);
+                                             e
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"id": 2, "label": "label_name", "end_id": 1, "start_id": 0, "properties": {"i": 0}}::edge
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# SELECT *
+postgres-# FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$# WITH [{id: 0, label: "label_name_1", properties: {i: 0}}::vertex,
+postgres$#             {id: 2, start_id: 0, end_id: 1, label: "edge_label", properties: {i: 0}}::edge,
+postgres$#            {id: 1, label: "label_name_2", properties: {}}::vertex
+postgres$#            ]::path as p
+postgres$# RETURN p
+postgres$# $$) AS (p agtype);
+                                                                                                                  p
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+----------------------------
+ [{"id": 0, "label": "label_name_1", "properties": {"i": 0}}::vertex, {"id": 2, "label": "edge_label", "end_id": 1, "start_id": 0, "properties": {"i": 0}}::edge, {"id": 1, "label": "label_name_2", "prop
+erties": {}}::vertex]::path
+(1 row)
+
+postgres=# WITH graph_query as (
+postgres(#     SELECT *
+postgres(#         FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$#         MATCH (n)
+postgres$#         RETURN n.name, n.age
+postgres$#     $$) as (name agtype, age agtype)
+postgres(# )
+postgres-# SELECT * FROM graph_query;
+ name | age
+------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+postgres=# SELECT *
+postgres-# FROM cypher('graph_name', $$
+postgres$# MATCH (n)
+postgres$# RETURN n.name
+postgres$# ORDER BY n.name
+postgres$# SKIP 3
+postgres$# $$) as (names agtype);
+ names
+-------
+(0 rows)
+```
+
+更多用法请参考 age 文档:
+
+https://age.apache.org/age-manual/master/intro/overview.html
+
+## 参考
+
+- [《PostgreSQL 14 preview - SQL 标准增强, 递归(CTE)图式搜索增加广度优先、深度优先语法, 循环语法 - breadth- or depth-first search orders and detect cycles》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/202102/20210201_03.md)
+- [《PostgreSQL 家谱、族谱类应用实践 - 图式关系存储与搜索》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201804/20180408_03.md)
+- [《PostgreSQL 图式搜索(graph search)实践 - 百亿级图谱，毫秒响应》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201801/20180102_04.md)
+- [《PostgreSQL 实践 - 内容社区(如论坛)图式搜索应用》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201710/20171009_01.md)
+- [《小微贷款、天使投资(风控助手)业务数据库设计(图式搜索\图谱分析) - 阿里云 RDS PostgreSQL, HybridDB for PostgreSQL 最佳实践》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201708/20170801_01.md)
+- [《图数据库插件 AGE(apache a graph extension) 0.5 发布》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/202108/20210828_03.md)
+- [《PostgreSQL 图计算插件 AGE(a graph extension)发布 0.4 版本 - agensgraph extension 0.4》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/202104/20210417_02.md)
+- [《PostGIS 距离计算建议 - 投影 与 球 坐标系, geometry 与 geography 类型》](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201710/20171018_02.md)