Basic Git Commands

Initializing a Repository

• git init: Initializes a new local Git repository.

Cloning and Copying

• git clone [repository_link]: Clones an existing repository to your local machine.

Checking Repository Status

• git status: Shows the current status of your local repository.

Adding Changes

• git add . or git add --all or git add --A: Adds all modified and new files to the staging area.
• git add [file_name.file_extension]: Adds a specific file to the staging area.
• git add *.[file_extension]: Adds files with a specific extension to the staging area.
• git add *: Adds new and modified files, excluding deletions, to the staging area.

Committing Changes

• git commit -m "message": Commits staged changes with a descriptive message.

Undoing Changes

• git reset: Unstages changes from the staging area.
• git reset HEAD~: Undoes the last commit, keeping changes in the working directory.
• git reset --hard: Discards all changes, including those in the working directory, after the last commit.

Removing Files and Folders

• git rm [file_name.file_extension]: Removes a file and stages the deletion.
• git rm [file_name] -f: Forces removal of a file.
• git rm --cached [file_name.file_extension]: Removes a file from staging, but keeps it in local storage.
• git rm -r [folder_name]: Recursively removes a folder and its contents.

Branching

• git branch: Lists all branches in the repository.
• git branch [branch_name]: Creates a new branch with the specified name.
• git checkout [branch_name]: Switches to a different branch.

Merging Branches

• git merge [branch_name]: Merges changes from another branch into the current branch.

Remote Repositories

• git remote add origin [repository_link]: Links your local repository to a remote repository.
• git push origin [branch_name]: Pushes changes from your local repository to the remote repository.
• git push origin [branch_name] --force: Force pushes changes, potentially overwriting remote changes.

Fetching and Pulling

• git fetch: Retrieves changes from a remote repository without merging.
• git pull origin [branch_name]: Fetches and merges changes from a remote repository.