aco.owl

<rdf:RDF
 xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
 xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
 xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
 xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
 xmlns:v="http://purl.org/vocab/vann/"
 xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
 xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/AnalogSignal">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AnalogSignal"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/AudioFile">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioFile"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/available_as">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#availableAs"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/bitsPerSample">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#bitsPerSample"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/channels">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#channels"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/compiled">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#compiled"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/DigitalSignal">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/duration">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#duration"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/encodes">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/genre">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#audioCategory"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Genre">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCategory"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/homepage">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#homepage"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/image">
       <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#image"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Instrument">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCategory"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MusicalExpression">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioExpression"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MusicalItem">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MusicalManifestation">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/produced_signal">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#producedSignal"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/publication_of">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#publicationOf"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/published">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#published"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/published_as">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#publishedAs"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Record">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollection"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Recording">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Recording"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/recording_of">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#recordingOf"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/release">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#publishedAudioManifestation"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Release">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollection"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/ReleaseEvent">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioPublication"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/sample_rate">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#sampleRate"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Signal">
       <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Signal"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Sound">
       <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Sound"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Track">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioClip"/>
    </rdf:Description>
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco">
        <dc:description>The Audio Commons Ontology has been created in the context of the European project [Audio Commons](https://www.audiocommons.org/), which were aimed at favouring sharing and reuse of audio content (both of musical and non-musical nature), specially using [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/) licenses.

It is designed specifically to integrate access to multiple heterogeneously structured audio content providers. In particular the following ones have been considered in the project:
- [Freesound](https://freesound.org/), a collaborative database of Creative Commons Licensed sounds;
- [Jamendo](https://www.jamendo.com/), a music website for independent artists;
- [Europeana Sounds](https://www.eusounds.eu/), a European project collecting and sharing data from several archives of sounds and sound-related media;
- [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/), a non-profit library of millions of freely accessible media contents.

### The base model
&lt;center> ![A diagram showing the entities Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item](./img/FRBR-Group-1-entities-and-basic-relations.svg.png) &lt;/center>
The Audio Commons ontology is based on [Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records), a bibliographic model designed for user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogues and bibliographic databases. FRBR distinguish the products of intellectual or artistic endeavor in four main classes: work, expression, manifestation, item. It is available as RDF vocabulary at https://vocab.org/frbr/core. For further information on FRBR, check the [standard](https://repository.ifla.org/handle/123456789/811).

Another important model related to audio is the [Music Ontology](http://musicontology.com/), which is also based on the FRBR model. Our ontology is more generic than the Music Ontology but is interoperable with it to support the specificities of music-related audio content.

The Audio Commons ontology works also in conjunction with
- [Dublin Core](https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) for basic metadata,
- [EBU Core](https://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/) for technical properties of audio files,
- [SKOS](https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-primer/) to support taxonomic classifications,
- [Creative Commons Licensing schema](https://creativecommons.org/ns) to represent media licensing,
- [Event ontology](http://motools.sf.net/event/event.html) for the formalisation of events,
- [Audio Features Ontology](https://w3id.org/afo/onto/) for the characterisation of audio features.

### Ontology overview

![A diagram showing the main classes of the Audio Commons ontology](./img/AC-Ontology-Skeleton.png)

The figure above shows the most general classes and properties of the Audio Commons ontology and their relationship with classes of the FRBR and the Music Ontology:
- **`ac:AudioExpression`**, the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is _realised_, in the audio domain, e.g., the recording or synthesis of music or sounds;
- **`ac:AudioManifestation`**, the physical embodiment of an audio expression, e.g., a musical track, a sound, an album; 
- **`ac:AudioItem`**, a single exemplar of an audio manifestation, e.g., a copy of a CD or a specific media file.

The FRBR class Work, representing a distinct intellectual or artistic creation on a more conceptual level, has not been specialised in Audio Commons.

The Audio Commons ontology provides a generic schema for audio classification through the property **`ac:audioCategory`** that associates any audio expression, manifestation, or item to some generic **`ac:AudioCategory`**. These two terms can be specialised to provide spefic categorisations.

### Manifestations: audio clips and collections

![A diagram showing the main classes of the Audio Commons ontology](./img/AC-Ontology-Manifestation.png)

The figure above shows classes and properties related to audio manifestations. An instance of **`ac:AudioClip`**, a subclass of `ac:AudioManifestation`, is any audio segment that has been published in some form or uploaded for consumption, for example, a track in a music label's repository or a sound in an audio repository, library or archive.

The class **`ac:AudioCollection`**, another subclass of `ac:AudioManifestation`, is used to represent collections of audio clips. The class **`ac:AudioCollectionNode`** is used to represent single nodes of a collection, offering local information like the index in the collection and pointers to previous and next nodes. The separation between the collection node and its actual content (e.g., an `ac:AudioClip`) permits the same content to be shared in multiple collections.

The content of each node of a collection is not limited to an `ac:AudioClip`, but may contain any `ac:AudioManifestation`. Collections can thus contain other collections to support specific cases, e.g. a mapping to the Music Ontology model where an `mo:Release` can contain multiple `mo:Record`(s) that can in turn contain multiple `mo:Track`(s).
### Items: audio files
![A diagram showing ac:Item class and related class and properties](./img/AC-Ontology-Item.png)

An `ac:AudioItem` is a concrete exemplar of an audio manifestation. In our domain, the main exemplars are the actual audio files. 

The corresponding class **`ac:AudioFile`** is a subclass of `ac:AudioItem`. It is subclass of `ebu:MediaResource` too and the corresponging properties of EBU Core can be used to describe the file (e.g., `ebu:hasEncodingFormat`, `ebu:fileSize`).

### Expressions: audio signals
![A diagram showing ac:Expression class and related class and properties](./img/AC-Ontology-Expression.png)

While `ac:AudioFile` represents a concrete file encoded in a certain format, **`ac:DigitalSignal`** is the representation of the corresponding digital signal. `ac:DigitalSignal` is a subclass of `ac:MusicalExpression`. 

The data properties `ac:sampleRate`, `ac:bitsPerSample`, and `ac:channels`, associate a signal with its basic features specific to digital representations.

The property `ac:publicationOf` can be used to associate an `ac:AudioClip` with the corresponding digital signal. The property `ac:encodes` instead, associates an `ac:AudioFile` with the encoded digital signal.

### Events: recording/syntesis
![A diagram showing ac:SignalProduction class and related class and properties!](./img/AC-Ontology-SignalProduction.png)

The description of temporal events is crucial to formalise and document transitions in the workflow of audio production and publication. The class `event:Event` of the Event Ontology is thus specialised for specific actions that are interesting for the audio domain.

Using the `event:Event` class, details of an event such as its location in time and space, its factor and its products may be explicitly described. Moreover, events can be composed using the property `event:sub_event`, to build complex events.

The class `ac:SignalProduction` represents the act of producing a `ac:Signal`, which could be either an `ac:AnalogSignal` or a `ac:DigitalSignal`. This is complemented by **`ac:Recording`**, representing the process of recording a sound (`ac:Sound`) or the product of **`ac:Synthesis`**, in case of artificially generated sounds. 

### Events (continued): publication
![A diagram showing ac:Publication class and related class and properties!](./img/AC-Ontology-Publication.png)

The event **`ac:AudioPublication`** represents the public release of a piece of work, e.g., the release of a new album by a band.

### Usage Example
![A diagram showing an example of ontology usage!](./img/AC_Example-AudioClip.png)

The figure above shows an example of use of the Audio Commons ontology to represent a sound from the Freesound database. For simplicity only the classes `ac:AudioClip`, `ac:AudioFile`, and `ac:AudioCategory` are used in this case.
</dc:description>
        <dct:created>2017/07/27 11:09:00</dct:created>
        <dct:date>2017/07/27 11:09:00</dct:date>
        <dct:description>The Audio Commons Ontology provides classes and properties for describing audio content, both musical and non-musical, on the Semantic Web. It is a specialisation of a bibliographic model called Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). Furthermore, it contains the generalisation of some concepts from the Music Ontology.
</dct:description>
        <dct:title>The Audio Commons Ontology</dct:title>
        <v:preferredNamespacePrefix>ac</v:preferredNamespacePrefix>
        <v:preferredNamespaceUri>https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#</v:preferredNamespaceUri>
        <rdfs:comment>The Audio Commons Ontology provides classes and properties for describing audio content, both musical and non-musical, on the Semantic Web. It is a specialisation of a bibliographic model called [Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records). Furthermore, it contains the generalisation of some concepts from the [Music Ontology](http://musicontology.com/).
</rdfs:comment>
        <owl:versionInfo>Revision: 1.3.0</owl:versionInfo>
        <foaf:maker rdf:resource="mailto:g.fazekas@qmul.ac.uk"/>
        <foaf:maker rdf:resource="mailto:miguel.ceriani@gmail.com"/>
    </owl:Ontology>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AnalogSignal">
        <rdfs:comment>An analog signal.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Analog signal</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Signal"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#audioCategory">
        <rdfs:comment>Classify some audio-related thing in a category.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>is in audio category</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCategory"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCategory">
        <rdfs:comment>Any category that is used to classify audio content.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio category</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Concept"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioClip">
        <rdfs:comment>An audio segment that has been somehow published or uploaded for consumption (e.g., a track in a music label's repository or a sound in an audio repository, library or archive).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio clip</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollection">
        <rdfs:comment>A collection of audio manifestations (e.g., a sound pack, an album, a result set of a search over a repository of audio content). As an audio collection is an audio manifestation too, collections may be nested. An audio collection is composed of nodes.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio collection</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#firstNode"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#lastNode"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionFirstNode">
        <rdfs:comment>A node that is the first in the containing audio collection</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>First node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#firstNode"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </owl:onProperty>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionLastNode">
        <rdfs:comment>A node that is the last in the containing audio collection</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Last node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#lastNode"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </owl:onProperty>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:hasValue>rdf:nil</owl:hasValue>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode">
        <rdfs:comment>A node of an audio collection. It encapsulates the actual content (ac:nodeContent), the position in the collection (ac:nodeIndex), and links to the previous and following node in the collection (ac:previousNode and ac:nextNode).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nodeContent"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nodeIndex"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:disjointUnionOf>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionFirstNode"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonFirstNode"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:disjointUnionOf>
        <owl:disjointUnionOf>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionLastNode"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonLastNode"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:disjointUnionOf>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonFirstNode">
        <rdfs:comment>A node that is not the first in the containing audio collection</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Any node but the first</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#previousNode"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonLastNode">
        <rdfs:comment>A node that is not the last in the containing audio collection</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Any node but the last</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nextNode"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioExpression">
        <rdfs:comment>The specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is 	“realized”, in the audio domain (e.g., the recording or synthesis of music or sounds).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio expression</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#audioFeature">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a signal to an extracted audio feature.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Signal"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>audio feature</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/afo/onto/1.1#AudioFeature"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#isEncodedBy"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalAudioFeature"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioFile">
        <rdfs:comment>A concrete audio file (encoded in some format)</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio file</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#MediaResource"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem">
        <rdfs:comment>A concrete exemplar of an audio manifestation (e.g., a copy of a CD or a specific media file).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio item</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Item"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation">
        <rdfs:comment>The physical embodiment of an audio expression (e.g., a musical track, a sound, an album).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio manifestation</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Manifestation"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Work"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#audioMd5">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>MD5 checksum computed on the audio content of the file.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioFile"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>audio MD5 checksum</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioPublication">
        <rdfs:comment>The act of publishing some audio content as an audio manifestation.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Audio publication</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#Event"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#author">
        <rdfs:comment>Used to relate a person or a group of people who authored an audio manifestation.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>author</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#availableAs">
        <rdfs:comment>Relates an audio manifestation to an audio item (e.g., a media file).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>available as</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplar"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#availableItemOf">
        <rdfs:comment>Relates an audio item (e.g., a media file) to the corresponding audio manifestation.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>available item of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplarOf"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#availableAs"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#bitsPerSample">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a digital signal to the number of bits used to encode one sample.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>bits per sample</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"/>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#channels">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a signal to the number of channels it holds (mono → 1, stereo → 2).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>channels</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#isEncodedBy"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalChannels"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#collectionAsList">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Convenience alias of ac:firstNode to attache an ac:AudioCollection to an rdf:List that holds the members</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollection"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>collection as list</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
        <owl:equivalentProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#firstNode"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#compiled">
        <rdfs:comment>Used to relate a person or a group of people who compiled an audio manifestation.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>compiled</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#containerNode">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates an audio manifestation with the collection nodes that contain it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>container node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nodeContent"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#defaultContainerNode">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates an audio manifestation with a node in the default parent collection (e.g., a musical track to the album it has been published it), if there is such a thing.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>default container node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#containerNode"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal">
        <rdfs:comment>A digital signal.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Digital signal</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Signal"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AnalogSignal"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#duration">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>The duration of an audio clip or a signal in ms.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioClip"/>
                        <rdf:rest>
                            <rdf:Description>
                                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Signal"/>
                                <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                            </rdf:Description>
                        </rdf:rest>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>duration</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#isEncodedBy"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalDuration"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a MusicalItem (a track on a particular CD, an audio file, a stream somewhere) to the signal it encodes.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>encodes</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#firstNode">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates an audio collection to its first node.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollection"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>first node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionFirstNode"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#memberNode"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#homepage">
        <rdfs:comment>Links a sound, an artist, a record, etc. to a corresponding webpage.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>homepage</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Document"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/isPrimaryTopicOf"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://schema.org/subjectOf"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#image">
        <rdfs:comment>Indicates a pictorial image (JPEG, GIF, PNG, Etc.) associated to a sound, an artist, a record, etc.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>image</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#Picture"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Image"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#hasRelatedPicture"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#isEncodedBy">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a signal to a MusicalItem (a track on a particular CD, an audio file, a stream somewhere) that encodes it.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>is encoded by</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#lastNode">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates an audio collection to its last node.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollection"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>last node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionLastNode"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#memberNode"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:InverseFunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#memberNode">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates an audio collection to its nodes.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollection"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>member node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#memberNode"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nextNode"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:InverseFunctionalProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nextNode">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a node with the next node in the collection.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonLastNode"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>next node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonFirstNode"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#previousNode"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nodeContent">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a node with the actual content (an audio manifestation).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>node content</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nodeIndex">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a node with its position in the collection.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNode"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>node index</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"/>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#originalFile">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Relates an audio clip to the original published audio file (if there is such thing).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioClip"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>original file</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioFile"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#availableAs"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#previousNode">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a node with the previous node in the collection.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonFirstNode"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>previous node</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioCollectionNonLastNode"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#nextNode"/>
    </owl:FunctionalProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#producedSignal">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a signal production event to the produced signal.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#SignalProduction"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>produced signal</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Signal"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#productionFrom">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a signal production act to a sound from which the signal was produced (e.g., if recording, the recorded sound).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#SignalProduction"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>production from</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Sound"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#publicationOf">
        <rdfs:comment>Link a particular manifestation to the related expression (e.g., a signal or a sound).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>publication of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioExpression"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodimentOf"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#published">
        <rdfs:comment>Used to relate a person or a group of people who published an audio manifestation.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>published</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#publishedAs">
        <rdfs:comment>Link an expression to its publication as manifestation.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioExpression"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>published as</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodiment"/>
        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#publicationOf"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#publishedAudioManifestation">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a publishing act to the audio manifestation.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioPublication"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>published audio manifestation</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioManifestation"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Recording">
        <rdfs:comment>The act of recording some sound to produce a signal.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Recording</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#SignalProduction"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#recordingOf">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a recording act to the recorded (physical) sound.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Recording"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>recording of</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Sound"/>
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#productionFrom"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#sampleRate">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>Associates a digital signal to its sample rate.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#DigitalSignal"/>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>sample rate</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#isEncodedBy"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalSampleRate"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Signal">
        <rdfs:comment>A subclass of AudioExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording.
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Signal</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioExpression"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalAudioFeature">
        <rdfs:comment>Associates the signal encoded by an audio item to an extracted audio feature. Shortcut for ac:encodes/ac:audioFeature
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>signal audio feature</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/afo/onto/1.1#AudioFeature"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#audioFeature"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalChannels">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>The number of channels the digital signal holds (mono → 1, stereo → 2). Shortcut for ac:encodes/ac:channels
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>signal channels</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#channels"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalDuration">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>The duration of the signal in ms. Shortcut for ac:encodes/ac:duration
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>signal duration</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#duration"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#SignalProduction">
        <rdfs:comment>The act of producing a signal (e.g., through a recording or a synthesis).
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Signal production</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#Event"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#signalSampleRate">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:comment>The sample rate of the digital signal. Shortcut for ac:encodes/ac:sampleRate
</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioItem"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>signal sample rate</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float"/>
        <owl:propertyChainAxiom>
            <rdf:Description>
                <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#encodes"/>
                <rdf:rest>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <rdf:first rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#sampleRate"/>
                        <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </rdf:rest>
            </rdf:Description>
        </owl:propertyChainAxiom>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Sound">
        <rdfs:comment>A subclass of AudioExpression, representing a (physical) sound.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Physical sound</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#AudioExpression"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <owl:Class rdf:about="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#Syntesis">
        <rdfs:comment>The act of synthesizing a signal.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco"/>
        <rdfs:label>Syntesis</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="https://w3id.org/ac-ontology/aco#SignalProduction"/>
    </owl:Class>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="mailto:g.fazekas@qmul.ac.uk">
        <rdfs:label>George Fazekas</rdfs:label>
        <foaf:name>George Fazekas</foaf:name>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="mailto:miguel.ceriani@gmail.com">
        <rdfs:label>Miguel Ceriani</rdfs:label>
        <foaf:name>Miguel Ceriani</foaf:name>
    </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>